Fate of disseminated dead neurons in the cortical ischemic penumbra: Ultrastructure indicating a novel scavenger mechanism of microglia and astrocytes

Stroke

Volumn 38, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 2577-2583

  Ito, Umeo ^a   Nagasao, Jun ^a   Kawakami, Emiko ^a   Oyanagi, Kiyomitsu ^a  

^a TOKYO METROPOLITAN INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cortical ischemic penumbra; Phagocytosis; Scavenging of dead neurons; Transient cerebral ischemia

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; ASTROCYTE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CELL DEATH; CELL VIABILITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; GERBIL; HISTOPATHOLOGY; MICROGLIA; NERVE CELL; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NONHUMAN; OPTIC CHIASM; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STROKE;

ANIMALS; ASTROCYTES; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL CORTEX; GERBILLINAE; HUMANS; MALE; MICROGLIA; NEURONS; PERIODIC ACID-SCHIFF REACTION; PHAGOCYTOSIS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 34548259920     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.484394     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Ito U, Kuroiwa T, Nagasao J, Kawakami E, Oyanagi K. Temporal profiles of axon terminals, synapses and spines in the ischemic penumbra of the cerebral cortex. Ultrastructure of neuronal remodeling. Stroke. 2006;37:2134-2139.
2. Ito U, Spatz M, Walker JT Jr, Klatzo I. Experimental cerebral ischemia in mongolian gerbils. I. Light microscopic observations. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1975;32:209-223.
3. Graber M, Blakemore W, Kreutzberg G. Cellular pathology of the central nervous system. In: Graham DI, Lantos PL, eds. Greenfield's Neuropathology, 7th edition, vol 1. London, New York, New Dehli: Arnold; 2002:123-126, 158-171.
4. Auer R, Sutherland G: Hypoxia and related conditions. In: Graham DI, Lantos PL, eds. Greenfield's Neuropathology, 7th ed, vol 1. London, New York, New Dehli: Arnold; 2002:251-259.
5. Kalimo H, Kaste M, Haltia M. Vascular disease. In: Graham DI, Lantos PL, eds. Greenfield's Neuropathology, 7th ed, vol 1. London, New York, New Dehli: Arnold; 2002:321-332.
6. Rosenblum WI. Histopathologic clues to the pathways of neuronal death following ischemia/hypoxia. J Neurotrauma. 1997;14:313-326.
7. Hu X, Johansson IM, Brannstrom T, Olsson T, Wester P. Long-lasting neuronal apoptotic cell death in regions with severe ischemia after photothrombotic ring stroke in rats. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 2002;104:462-470.
8. Van Hoecke M, Prigent-Tessier A, Bertrand N, Prevotat L, Marie C, Beley A. Apoptotic cell death progression after photothrombotic focal cerebral ischaemia: effects of the lipophilic iron chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl. Eur J Neurosci. 2005;22:1045-1056.
9. Mackey ME, Wu Y, Hu R, DeMaro JA, Jacquin MF, Kanellopoulos GK, Hsu CY, Kouchoukos NT. Cell death suggestive of apoptosis after spinal cord ischemia in rabbits. Stroke. 1997;28:2012-2017.
10. Li Y, Powers C, Jiang N, Chopp M. Intact, injured, necrotic and apoptotic cells after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Neurol Sci. 1998;156:119-132.
11. Hanyu S, Ito U, Hakamata Y, Yoshida M. Repeated unilateral carotid occlusion in Mongolian gerbils: quantitative analysis of cortical neuronal loss Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1993;86:16-20.
12. Hanyu S, Ito U, Hakamata Y, Nakano I. Topographical analysis of cortical neuronal loss associated with disseminated selective neuronal necrosis and infarction after repeated ischemia. Brain Res. 1997;767:154-157.
13. Ito U, Hanyu S, Hakamata Y, Oyanagi K, Kuroiwa T, Nakano I. Temporal profile of cortical injury following ischemic insult just below and at the threshold level for induction of infarction: light and electron microscopic study. In: Ito U, Fieschi C, Orzi F, Kuroiwa T, Klatzo I, eds. Maturation Phenomenon in Cerebral Ischemia, vol III. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 1999:227-235.
14. Ito U, Kuroiwa T, Hanyu S, Hakamata Y, Kawakami E, Nakano I, Oyanagi K. Ultrastructural temporal profile of the dying neuron and surrounding astrocytes in the ischemic penumbra: apotosis or necrosis? In: Buchan AM, Ito U, Colbourne F, Kuroiwa T, Klatzo I, eds. Maturation Phenomenon in Cerebral Ischemia, vol V. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 2004:189-196.
15. Kuroiwa T, Mies G, Hermann D, Hakamata Y, Hanyu S, Ito U. Regional differences in the rate of energy impairment after threshold level ischemia for induction of cerebral infarction in gerbils. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 2000;100:587-594.
16. Kreutzberg GW. Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS. Trends Neurosci. 1996;19:312-318.
17. Streit WJ, Graeber MB, Kreutzberg GW. Functional plasticity of microglia: a review. Glia. 1988;1:301-307.
18. Ohno K, Ito U, Inaba Y. Regional cerebral blood flow and stroke index after left carotid artery ligation in the conscious gerbil. Brain Res. 1984;297:151-157.
19. Mazlo M, Gasz B, Szigeti A, Zsombok A, Gallyas F. Debris of 'dark' (compacted) neurones are removed from an otherwise undamaged environment mainly by astrocytes via blood vessels. J Neurocytol. 2004;33:557-567.
20. Gehrmann J, Bonnekoh P, Miyazawa T, Hossmann KA, Kreutzberg GW. Immunocytochemical study of an early microglial activation in ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1992;12:257-269.
21. Morioka T, Kalehua AN, Streit WJ. Characterization of microglial reaction after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat brain. J Comp Neurol. 1993;327:123-132.
22. Kato H, Kogure K, Liu XH, Araki T, Itoyama Y. Progressive expression of immunomolecules on activated microglia and invading leukocytes following focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Res. 1996;734:203-212.
23. Schilling M, Besselmann M, Muller M, Strecker JK, Ringelstein EB, Kiefer R. Predominant phagocytic activity of resident microglia over hematogenous macrophages following transient focal cerebral ischemia: an investigation using green fluorescent protein transgenic bone marrow chimeric mice. Exp Neurol. 2005;196:290-297.
24. al-Ali SY, al-Hussain SM. An ultrastructural study of the phagocytic activity of astrocytes in adult rat brain. J Anat. 1996;188:257-262.
25. Watabe K, Osborne D, Kim SU. Phagocytic activity of human adult astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in culture. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1989;48:499-506.
26. Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer. 1972;26:239-257.
27. MacManus JP, Buchan AM. Apoptosis after experimental stroke: fact or fashion? J Neurotrauma. 2000;17:899-914.