Diagnostic reference levels for thorax X-ray examinations of paediatric patients

British Journal of Radiology

Volumn 80, Issue 954, 2007, Pages 452-459

  Kiljunen, Timo ^a,b   Jarvinen H ^a   Savolainen, S ^b  

^a STUK RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DIGITAL IMAGING; DOSIMETRY; FEASIBILITY STUDY; FINLAND; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; IMAGE INTENSIFIER; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; PEDIATRICS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RADIATION ATTENUATION; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIATION INJURY; RADIATION PROTECTION; REFERENCE VALUE; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY;

ALGORITHMS; BODY SIZE; CHILD; FEDERAL GOVERNMENT; FINLAND; HUMANS; RADIATION DOSAGE; RADIATION MONITORING; RADIOGRAPHY, THORACIC; REFERENCE VALUES; RISK FACTORS; UNCERTAINTY;

EID: 34548236912     PISSN: 00071285     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1259/bjr/60918774     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Hakanen A, Järvinen H, Soimakallio S. Trends in radiology in Finland between 1995 and 2000. Eur Radiol 2003;13:2705-9.
2. Servomaa A, Heikkilä M, Ilus T, Parvianen T. Frequency and practice of paediatric x-ray examinations in Finland 1995. Internal report. CEC IV - Framework Research Project, 1997.
3. International Commission on Radiological Protection. 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1991.
4. European Commission. Guidance for protection of unborn children and infants irradiated due to parental medical exposures. Radiation Protection 100, 1998.
5. Montgomery A, Martin CJ. A study of the application of paediatric reference levels. Br J Radiol 2000;73:1083-90.
6. Hufton AP, Doyle SM, Carty HML. Digital radiography in paediatrics: radiation dose considerations and magnitude of possible dose reduction. Br J Radiol 1998;71:186-99.
7. Stamm G, Saure H-D. Entrance surface dose and its correlation with patient parameters. Radiat Prot Dosim 1998;80:235-8.
8. McDonald S, Martin CJ, Darragh CL, Graham DT. Dose area product measurements in paediatric radiography. Br J Radiol 1996;69:318-25.
9. Martin CJ, Farquhar B, Stockdale E, McDonald S. A study of the relationship between patient dose and size in paediatric radiology. Br J Radiol 1994;67:864-71.
10. Chapple C-L, Faulkner K, Lee REJ, Hunter EW. Results of a survey of doses to paediatric patients undergoing common radiological examinations. Br J Radiol 1992;65:225-31.
11. International Commission on Radiological Protection. Radiological protection and safety in medicine. ICRP Publication 73. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1996.
12. The Council of the European Commission. Council directive 97/43/Euratom on health protection of individuals against the dangers of ionizing radiation. Official Journal of the European Communities, No. L 180/22. Luxembourg: CEC, 1997.
13. Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. Degree 423/2000 of Ministry of Health and Social Affairs concerning the medical use of radiation. Helsinki, 2000.
14. European Commission. European guidelines on quality criteria for diagnostic radiographic images in paediatrics. EUR 16261 EN. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996.
15. Kyriou JC, Fitzgerald M, Pettett A, Cook JV, Pablot SM. A comparison of doses and techniques between specialist and non-specialist centres in the diagnostic x-ray imaging of children. Br J Radiol 1996;69:437-50.
16. Hart D, Wall BF, Shrimpton PC, Dance DR. The establishment of reference doses in paediatric radiology as a function of patient. Radiat Prot Dosim 2000;90:235-8.
17. Servomaa A, Komppa T, Parviainen T, Heikkilä M. Dose-area product and entrance surface dose in paediatric radiography. In: Paile W, editor. Radiation protection in the 2000s - theory and practice. Helsinki: Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, STUK-A195:309-15.
18. Parviainen T, Palmumaa P, Föhr A, Marttinen E, Laine A-L, Rantala R, et al. Radiation dose and dose optimization in paediatric thorax examinations in HUCH Hospital for Children and Adolescents. In: Paile W, editor. Radiation protection in the 2000s - theory and practice. Helsinki: Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, STUK-A195: 305-8.
19. Parvianen T, Vinnurva-Jussila T, Outinen P, Jäppinen S, Ojala P. Radiation doses and quality in paediatric radiology. In: Radiation safety and quality assurance in diagnostic radiography 2000. Helsinki: Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, STUK-A174:50-4 (in Finnish).
20. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, ICRU. Patient dosimetry for X rays used in medical imaging, ICRU Report 74. J ICRU 2005;5(2).
21. Cranley K, Gilmore BJ, Fogarty GWA. Data for estimating X-ray tube total filtration. York: The Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine (IPSM), 1991.
22. Harrison RM. Tissue-air ratios and scatter-air ratios for diagnostic radiology (1-4 mm Al HVL). Phys Med Biol 1983;28:1-18.
23. Grosswendt B. Dependence of the photon backscatter factor for water on source-to-phantom distance and irradiation field size. Phys Med Biol 1990;35:1233-45.
24. Kepler K, Lintrop M, Servomaa A, Filippova I, Parviainen T, Eek V. Radiation dose measurements of paediatric patients in Estonia. In: Paile W, editor. Radiation protection in the 2000s - theory and practice. Helsinki: Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, STUK A-195: 287-92.
25. International Electrotechnical Standard (IEC). International standard 60580: Medical electrical equipment - dose-area product meters. IEC, 2000.
26. Hart D, Wall BF, Shrimpton PC, Bungay DR, Dance DR. Reference doses and patient size in paediatric radiology. NRPB-318. Chilton: National Radiological Protection Board, 2000.
27. Stamm G, Saure H-D. Entrance surface dose and its correlation with patient parameters. Radiat Prot Dosim 1998;80:235-8.
28. Gron P, Waltenburg HN. A method for establishing diagnostic reference levels for paediatric patients. In: Report: Radiological protection in transition. Swedish Radiation Protection Authority. SSI Report 2005;15:163-6.
29. Servomaa A, Tapiovaara M. Organ dose calculation in medical x ray examinations by the program PCXMC. Radiat Prot Dosim 1998;80:213-19.
30. Kettunen A. Radiation dose and radiation risk to foetuses and newborns during x-ray examinations. Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu. Helsinki: Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, STUK-A204, 2004.
31. Cook JV, Shah K, Pablot S, Kyriou J, Pettett A, Fitzgerald M. Guidelines on best practice in the x-ray imaging of children. A manual for all x-ray departments. Ian Allan Printing, UK, 1998.
32. STUK Reports. Guidelines on paediatric x-ray examinations. Helsinki: Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority. STUK Tiedottaa 1/2005 (in Finnish).
33. Wall BF. Diagnostic reference levels in the x-ray department. Eur Radiol Syll 2004;14:66-73.
34. STUK Resolution (1 January 2006). Diagnostic reference levels in paediatric radiology. Helsinki: Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Record no. 26/310/05. Available from: www.stuk.fi (in Finnish).
35. European Commission. Guidance on diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for medical exposures. Radiat Prot 1999;109.