Rapid acquisition of operant conditioning in 5-day-old rat pups: A new technique articulating suckling-related motor activity and milk reinforcement

Developmental Psychobiology

Volumn 49, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 576-588

  Arias, Carlos ^a   Spear, Norman E ^a   Molina, Juan Carlos ^a,c   Molina, Agustin ^b  

^a BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CÓRDOBA   (Spain)

^c INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN MÉDICA MERCEDES Y MARTÍN FERREYRA   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Extinction; Infant rat; Milk; Operant learning; Reinforcer; Suckling

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; CONDITIONING; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEAD MOVEMENT; INFUSION PUMP; MALE; MATERNAL DEPRIVATION; MILK; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NEWBORN; NIPPLE; NONHUMAN; RAT; REINFORCEMENT; SENSOR; SUCKLING; TRAINING;

RATTUS;

EID: 34548234943     PISSN: 00121630     EISSN: 10982302     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/dev.20236     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Abate, P., Spear, N. E., & Molina, J. C. (2001). Fetal and infantile alcohol-mediated associative learning in the rat. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 25, 989-998.
2. Abate, P., Varlinskaya, E. I., Cheslock, S. J., Spear, N. E., & Molina, J. C. (2002). Neonatal activation of alcohol-related prenatal memories: Impact on the first suckling response. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 26, 1512-1522.
3. Alberts, J. R., & May, B. (1984). Nonnutritive, thermotactile induction of filial huddling in rat pups. Developmental Psychobiology, 17, 161-181.
4. Amsel, A. (1992). Frustration theory-many years later. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 396-399.
5. Arias, C., & Chotro, M. G. (2005). Increased payability of ethanol after prenatal ethanol exposure is mediated by the opioid system. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 82, 434-442.
6. Arias, C., & Chotro, M. G. (2006). Ethanol-induced preferences or aversions as a function of age in preweanling rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 120, (710-718).
7. Arnold, H. M., Robinson, S. R., Spear, N. E., & Smotherman, W. P. (1993). Conditioned opioid activity in the rat fetus. Behavioral Neuroscience, 107, 963-969.
8. Blass, E. M., & Fitzgerald, E. (1988). Milk-induced analgesia and comforting in 10-day-old rats: Opioid mediation. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 29, 9-13.
9. Blass, E. M., Shide, D. J., & Weller, A. (1989). Stress-reducing effects of ingesting milk, sugars, and fats. A developmental perspective. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 575, 292-305.
10. Bordner, K. A., Molina, J. C., & Spear, N. E. (2006). Operant conditioning supported by ethanol reinforcement in the newborn rat. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 30, 187.
11. Chen, J. S., & Amsel, A. (1980). Learned persistence at 11-12 days but not at 10-11 days in infant rats. Developmental Psychobiology, 13, 481-491.
12. Cheslock, S. J., Varlinskaya, E. I., Petrov, E. S., & Spear, N. E. (2000). Rapid and robust olfactory conditioning with milk before suckling experience: Promotion of nipple attachment in the newborn rat. Behavioral Neuroscience, 114, 484-495.
13. Chotro, M. G., & Alonso, G. (2003). Stimulus preexposure reduces generalization of conditioned taste aversions between alcohol and non-alcohol flavors in infant rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 117, 113-122.
14. Chotro, M. G., & Arias, C. (2003). Prenatal exposure to ethanol increases ethanol consumption: A conditioned response? Alcohol, 30, 19-28.
15. Dominguez, H. D., Bocco, G., Chotro, M. G., Spear, N. E., & Molina, J. C. (1993). Operant responding controlled by milk or milk contaminated with alcohol as positive reinforcers in infant rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 44, 403-409.
16. Dominguez, H. D., Lopez, M. F., Chotro, M. G., & Molina, J. C. (1996). Perinatal responsiveness to alcohol's chemosensory cues as a function of prenatal alcohol administration during gestational days 17-20 in the rat. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 65, 103-112.
17. Hall, W. G. (1979). Feeding and behavioral activation in infant rats. Science, 205, 206-209.
18. Hall, W. G. (1987). Early motivation, reward, learning, and their neural basis: Developmental revelations and simplifications. In N. A. Krasnegor, E. M. Blass, M. A. Hofer, & W. P. Smotherman, (Eds.), Perinatal development: A psychobiological perspective (pp. 169-195). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
19. Hall, W. G., & Bryan, T. E. (1981). The ontogeny of feeding in rats: IV. Taste development as measured by intake and behavioral responses to oral infusions of sucrose and quinine. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 95, 240-251.
20. Hall, W. G., & Rosenblatt, J. S. (1979). Developmental changes in the suckling behavior of hamster pups: A comparison with rat pups. Developmental Psychobiology, 12, 553-560.
21. Hoffman, C. M., Flory, G. S., & Alberts, J. R. (1999). Ontogenetic adaptation and learning: A developmental constraint in learning for a thermal reinforcer. Developmental Psychobiology, 34, 73-86.
22. Hoffmann, H., Molina, J. C., Kucharski, D., & Spear, N. E. (1987). Further examination of ontogenetic limitations on conditioned taste aversion. Developmental Psychobiology, 20, 455-463.
23. Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, C. o. L.S. (1996). National Research Council. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. Washington, DC: National Academic Press.
24. Johanson, I. B., & Hall, W. G. (1979). Appetitive learning in 1-day-old rat pups. Science, 205, 419-421.
25. Lithgow, T., & Barr, G. A. (1984). Self-stimulation in 7- and 10-day-old rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 98, 479-486.
26. Molina, J. C., Serwatka, J., Spear, L. P., & Spear, N. E. (1985). Differential ethanol olfactory experiences affect ethanol ingestion in preweanlings but not in older rats. Behavioral and Neural Biology, 44, 90-100.
27. Nizhnikov, M. E., Varlinskaya, E. I., Petrov, E. S., & Spear, N. E. (2006). Reinforcing properties of ethanol in neonatal rats: Involvement of the opioid system. Behavioral Neuroscience, 120, 267-280.
28. Papini, M. R., & Dudley, R. T. (1997). Consequences of suprising reward omisions. Review of General Psychology, 1, 175-197.
29. Pepino, M. Y., Spear, N. E., & Molina, J. C. (2001). Nursing experiences with an alcohol-intoxicated rat dam counteract appetitive conditioned responses toward alcohol. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 25, 18-24.
30. Petrov, E. S., Nizhnikov, M. E., Kozlov, A. P., Varlinskaya, E. I., Kramskaya, T. A., & Spear, N. E. (2004). Repetitive exposures to a surrogate nipple providing nutritive and non-nutritive fluids: Effects on suckling behavior of the newborn rat. Appetite, 43, 185-194.
31. Petrov, E. S., Nizhnikov, M. E., Varlinskaya, E. I., & Spear, N. E. (2006). Dynorphin A (1-13) and responsiveness of the newborn rat to a surrogate nipple: Immediate behavioral consequences and reinforcement effects in conditioning. Behavioural Brain Research, 170, 1-14.
32. Petrov, E. S., Varlinskaya, E. I., & Spear, N. E. (2001). Self-administration of ethanol and saccharin in newborn rats: Effects on suckling plasticity. Behavioral Neuroscience, 115, 1318-1331.
33. Petrov, E. S., Varlinskaya, E. I., & Spear, N. E. (2003). Reinforcement from pharmacological effects of ethanol in newborn rats. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 27, 1583-1591.
34. Robinson, S. R., Arnold, H. M., Spear, N. E., & Smotherman, W. P. (1993). Experience with milk and an artificial nipple promotes conditioned opioid activity in the rat fetus. Developmental Psychobiology, 26, 375-387.
35. Robinson, S. R., Hoeltzel, T. C., & Smotherman, W. P. (1995). Development of responses to an artificial nipple in the rat fetus: Involvement of mu and kappa opioid systems. Physiology & Behavior, 57, 953-957.
36. Robinson, S. R., & Smotherman, W. P. (1992a). Fundamental motor patterns of the mammalian fetus. Journal of Neurobiology, 23, 1574-1600.
37. Robinson, S. R., & Smotherman, W. P. (1992b). Organization of the stretch response to milk in the rat fetus. Developmental Psychobiology, 25, 33-49.
38. Roth, T. L., & Sullivan, R. M. (2003). Consolidation and expression of a shock-induced odor preference in rat pups is facilitated by opioids. Physiology & Behavior, 78, 135-142.
39. Rovee-Collier, C. (1987). Learning and memory in infancy. In: Doniger, Joy, (Eds.), Handbook of infant development. (2nd ed.). Wiley series on personality processes (pp. 98-148). Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.
40. Rovee-Collier, C., & Barr, R. (2002). Infant cognition. In Hall Pashler & John Wixted, (Eds.), Stevens' handbook of experimental psychology (3rd ed.), Vol. 4: Methodology in experimental psychology (pp. 98-148). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
41. Smith, G. J., Kucharski, D., & Spear, N. E. (1985) Conditioning of an odor aversion in preweanlings with isolation from home nest as the unconditioned stimulus. Developmental Psychobiology, 18, 421-434.
42. Smotherman, W. P. (2002a). Classical conditioning in the rat fetus: Involvement of mu and kappa opioid systems in the conditioned response. Developmental Psychobiology, 40, 104-115.
43. Smotherman, W. P. (2002b). Classical conditioning in the rat fetus: Temporal characteristics and behavioral correlates of the conditioned response. Developmental Psychobiology, 40, 116-130.
44. Smotherman, W. P. (2003). Classical conditioning in the rat fetus. III. Retention, extinction, and re-activation of the conditioned response (CR). Developmental Psychobiology, 42, 181-193.
45. Smotherman, W. P., Arnold, H. M., & Robinson, S. R. (1993) Responses to ecologically relevant stimuli in the rat fetus: Interactive effects of milk and an artificial nipple. Developmental Psychobiology, 26, 359-374.
46. Spear, L. P., Specht, S. M., Kirstein, C. L., & Kuhn, C. M. (1989) Anterior and posterior, but not cheek, intraoral cannulation procedures elevate serum corticosterone levels in neonatal rat pups. Developmental Psychobiology, 22, 401-411.
47. Spear, N. E., & Molina, J. C. (2005). Fetal or infantile exposure to ethanol promotes ethanol ingestion in adolescence and adulthood: A theoretical review. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 29, 909-929.
48. Thomas, B. L., & Papini, M. R. (2001). Adrenalectomy eliminates the extinction spike in autoshaping with rats. Physiology & Behavior, 72, 543-547.