Socialism: A life-cycle

New Left Review

Volumn , Issue 46, 2007, Pages 5-28

  Debray, Régis ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 34548189857     PISSN: 00286060     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (14)

1. See Cours de médiologie générale, Paris 1991; this essay is drawn from the 'Neuvième leçon: Vie et mort d'un écosystème: le socialisme'.
2. Cited in Georges Duveau, La pensée ouvrière sur l'éducation pendant la Seconde République et le Second Empire, Paris 1947.
3. G. W. F. Hegel, Encyclopaedia, § 459. Passage analysed in Jacques Derrida, De la grammatologie, Paris 1967, pp. 36-45.
4. Gérard Belloin, Nos rêves, camarades, Paris 1979.
5. Eric Hobsbawm, 'La diffusione del marxismo (1890-1905)', Studi storici, vol. 15, no. 2 (1974), pp. 241-69.
6. Victor Hugo, 'A qui la faute?', L'Année terrible (1872).
7. Jules Vallès, L'Insurgé, Lausanne 1968, pp. 48-9; Victor Hugo, Œuvres complètes, Paris 1968, vol. VII, p. 678.
8. To participate, in 1961, in the Cuban national campaign that brought a million illiterate peasants into contact with writing was like a physical encounter with the progressive imaginary of the book.
9. We theoreticians, or, as I would rather say, publicists of Social Democracy': V. I. Lenin, 'Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution' (1905), Collected Works, Moscow 1965, vol. 9, pp. 15-140.
10. Let us note in passing how foreign the manners of 'actually existing socialism' were to Pol Pot's Cambodia, how remote the urban mystique of literacy and learning from that savage cult of rural ignorance. The Khmer Rouge decreed: no books, no schools. They ransacked the presses and libraries of Phnom Penh, closed the university, padlocked the high schools. The only medium allowed was the radio. A party without a paper! Pol Pot's back-to-the-jungle system was consistent: slaughter of the educated, a term encompassing anyone who had got beyond primary school; wholesale xenophobia; rejection of urban civilization, and gerontophobia as a political axiom (no one over 23 could belong to the Organization).
11. Belloin, Nos rêves, camarades.
12. Charles Andler, La Vie de Lucien Herr, Paris 1977.
13. See Maurice Dommanget, L'Introduction du marxisme en France, Lausanne 1969.
14. Primate: placentary mammal with full dentition and prehensile hands.