Localized high birefringence induced in SMF-28 fiber by femtosecond IR laser exposure of the cladding

Journal of Lightwave Technology

Volumn 25, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 1996-2001

  Grobnic, Dan ^a   Mihailov, Stephen J ^a   Smelser, Christopher W ^a  

^a Industry Canada   (Canada)

Author keywords

Birefringence; Femtosecond direct writing; Fiber Bragg grating (FBG); Phase mask; Ultrafast laser processing

Indexed keywords

BIREFRINGENCE; LASER CLADDING; LIGHT POLARIZATION; REFRACTIVE INDEX; ULTRASHORT PULSES;

FEMTOSECOND DIRECT WRITING; MULTIBEAM INTERFERENCE; ULTRAFAST LASER PROCESSING;

FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS;

EID: 34548173467     PISSN: 07338724     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2007.899791     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. V. Mizrahi D. J. DiGiovanni, R. M. Atkins, Y. K. Park, and J. M. P. Delavaux, "Stable single-mode erbium fiber-grating laser for digital communication," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 2021-2025, Dec. 1993.
2. S. Kreger, S. Calvert, and E. Udd, "High pressure sensing using fiber Bragg gratings written in bireffingent side hole fiber," in Proc. Opt. Fiber Sensor Conf., 2002, pp. 355-358.
3. T. Erdogan and V. Mizrahi, "Characterization of UV-induced birefringence in photosensitive Ge-doped silica optical fibers," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, Opt. Phys., vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 2100-2105, 1994.
4. A. M. Vengsarkar, Q. Zhong, D. Inniss, W. A. Reed, P. J. Lemaire, and S. G. Kosinski, "Birefringence reduction in side-written photoinduced fiber devices by a dual-exposure method," Opt. Lett., vol. 19, no. 16, pp. 1260-1262, 1994.
5. S. Oh, W. T. Han, U. C. Pack, and Y. Chung, "Discrimination of temperature and strain with a single FBG based on the birefringence effect," Opt. Express, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 724-729, 2004.
6. P. Lu, D. S. Waddy, S. J. Mihailov, and H. Ding, "Characterization of the growths of UV-induced birefringence in effective mode index and index modulation in fiber Bragg gratings," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 2337-2339, Nov. 2005.
7. S. Bette, C. Caucheteur, M. Wuilpart, P. Mégret, R. Garcia-Olcina, S. Sales, and J. Capmany, "Spectral characterization of differential group delay in uniform fiber Bragg gratings," Opt. Express, vol. 13, no. 25, pp. 9954-9960, 2005.
8. L. Sudrie, M. Franco, B. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, "Writing of permanent birefringent microlayers in bulk fused silica with femtosecond laser pulses," Opt. Commun., vol. 171, no. 4, pp. 279-284, 1999.
9. P. G. Kazansky, J. Mills, E. Bricchi, J. J. Baumberg, J. Qiu, and K. Hirao, "Self-organized form birefringence in glass irradiated by intense ultrashort light pulses," presented at the Conf. Lasers Electro-Optics, Baltimore, MD, 2003, Paper CWII.
10. L. Sudrie, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, and B. Poumellec, "Dependence of the femtosecond laser damage thresholds with the chemical composition of the glass," presented at the BGPP Conf., pp. 246-248, Monterey, CA, 2003, Paper WA4.
11. E. Bricchi, B. G. Klappauf, and P. G. Kazansky, "Form birefringence and negative index change created by femtosecond direct writing in transparent materials," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 119-121, 2004.
12. M. Dubov, T. D. P. Allsop, A. Martinez, V. Mezentsev, and I. Bennion, "High birefringent long period gratings fabricated with femtosecond laser," presented at the Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., Anahiem, CA, 2006, Paper OW150.
13. C. W. Smelser, S. J. Mihailov, and D. Grobnic, "Formation of type I-IR and type II-IR gratings with an ultralast IR laser and a phase mask," Opt. Express, vol. 13, no. 14, pp. 5377-5386, 2005.
14. 2 and Ge-doped core fibers with 800-nm ferntosecond radiation and a phase mask," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 94-100, Jan. 2004.
15. P. Lu, D. Grobnic, and S. J. Mihailov, "Characterization of the birefringence in fiber Bragg gratings fabricated with an ultrafast-infrared laser," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 779-786, Mar. 2007.
16. A. Martinez, M. Dubov, I. Khrushchev, and I. Bennion, "Direct writing of fibre Bragg gratings by femtosecond laser," Electron. Lett., vol. 40, no. 19, pp. 1170-1172, Sep. 2004.
17. Y. Lai, A. Martinez, I. Khrushchev, and I. Bennion, "Distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser fabricated by femtosecond laser inscription," Opt. Lett., vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 1672-1674, 2006.
18. G. Brochu, S. LaRochelle, and R. Slavik, "Modeling and experimental demonstration of ultracompact multiwavelength distributed Fabry-Pérot fiber lasers," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 44-53, Jan. 2005.
19. T. Allsop, M. Dubov, A. Martinez, F. Florearni, I. Khrushchev, D. J. Webb, and I. Bennion, "Long period grating directional bend sensor based on asymmetric index modification of cladding," Electron. Lett. vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 59-60, Jan. 2005.
20. C. W. Smelser, D. Grobnic, and S. J. Mihailov, "Generation of pure two-beam interference grating structures in an optical fiber with a femtosecond infrared source and a phase mask," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, no. 15, pp. 1730-1732, 2004.
21. C. W. Smelser, S. J. Mihailov, D. Grobnic, P. Lu, R. B. Walker, H. Ding, and X. Dai, "Multiple-beam interference patterns in optical fiber generated with ultralast pulses and a phase mask," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, no. 13, pp. 1458-1460, 2004.
22. 2 and Ge-doped core fibers with 800 nm picosecond radiation," in Proc. BGPP, 2003, pp. 194-196.
23. V. R. Bhardwaj, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, E. Simova, and R. S. Taylor, "Stress in femtosecond-laser-written waveguides in fused silica," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1312-1314, 2004.
24. D. Grobnic, C. W. Smelser, S. J. Mihailov, and R. B. Walker, "Long-term thermal stability tests at 1000 °C of silica fibre Bragg gratings made with ultrafast laser radiation," Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 1009-1013, 2006.