Specific amino acids in the critically ill patient - Exogenous glutamine/arginine: A common denominator?

Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 35, Issue 9 SUPPL., 2007, Pages

  Vermeulen, Mechteld A R ^a   Van De Poll, Marcel C G ^b   Ligthart Melis, Gerdien C ^a   Dejong, Cornelis H C ^b   Van Den Tol, M Petrousjka ^a   Boelens, Petra G ^c   Van Leeuwen, Paul A M ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c CATHARINA HOSPITAL   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Arginine; Critically ill; Dipeptide; Enteral; Glutamine; Metabolism; Nutrition; Parenteral; Sepsis; Supplementation

Indexed keywords

ALANYL GLUTAMINE; ARGININE; CITRULLINE; GLUTAMINE; GLUTAMINE DERIVATIVE; GLUTATHIONE; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN; NITRIC OXIDE; TAURINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACID BASE BALANCE; AMINO ACID METABOLISM; AMINO ACID SYNTHESIS; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; CELL MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY; CELL PROLIFERATION; CONFERENCE PAPER; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; HUMAN; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; INTESTINE; MACROPHAGE; MONOCYTE; NEUTROPHIL; NONHUMAN; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; STRESS; SUPPLEMENTATION; SURGICAL PATIENT;

ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM; ANIMALS; ARGININE; CITRULLINE; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DIPEPTIDES; ENTERAL NUTRITION; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; GLUTAMINE; GLUTATHIONE; HUMANS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; TAURINE;

EID: 34548172755     PISSN: 00903493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000278600.14265.95     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (62)

1. Novak F, Heyland DK, Avenell A, et al: Glutamine supplementation in serious illness: A systematic review of the evidence. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:2022-2029
2. Houdijk AP, van Leeuwen PA, Teerlink T, et al: Glutamine-enriched enteral diet increases renal arginine production. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1994; 18:422-426
3. Castillo L, Chapman TE, Sanchez M, et al: Plasma arginine and citrulline kinetics in adults given adequate and arginine-free diets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:7749-7753
4. Castillo L, Beaumier L, Ajami AM, et al: Whole body nitric oxide synthesis in healthy men determined from [15N] arginine-to-[15N]citrulline labeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:11460-11465
5. Melis GC, Boelens PG, Van dS Jr, et al: The feeding route (enteral or parenteral) affects the plasma response of the dipeptide Ala-Gln and the amino acids glutamine, citrulline and arginine, with the administration of Ala-Gln in preoperative patients. Br J Nutr 2005; 94:19-26
6. Wu G, Morris SM Jr: Arginine metabolism: Nitric oxide and beyond. Biochem J 1998; 336:1-17
7. Suchner U, Heyland DK, Peter K: Immunemodulatory actions of arginine in the critically ill. Br J Nutr 2002; 87(Suppl 1):S121-S132
8. Morris SM Jr: Arginine: Beyond protein. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83:508S-512S
9. Levillain O, Hus-Citharel A, Morel F, et al: Arginine synthesis in mouse and rabbit nephron: Localization and functional significance. Am J Physiol 1993; 264:F1038-F1045
10. Kalil AC, Danner RL: L-Arginine supplementation in sepsis: Beneficial or harmful? Curr Opin Crit Care 2006; 12:303-308
11. Luiking YC, Poeze M, Dejong CH, et al: Sepsis: An arginine deficiency state? Crit Care Med 2004; 32:2135-2145
12. Forstermann U, Closs EI, Pollock JS, et al: Nitric oxide synthase isozymes. Characterization, purification, molecular cloning, and functions. Hypertension 1994; 23:1121-1131
13. Vincent JL, Zhang H, Szabo C, et al: Effects of nitric oxide in septic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1781-1785
14. Siroen MP, Teerlink T, Nijveldt RJ, et al: The clinical significance of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Annu Rev Nutr 2006; 26:203-228
15. Prins HA, Houdijk AP, Wiezer MJ, et al: The effect of mild endotoxemia during low arginine plasma levels on organ blood flow in rats. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:1991-1997
16. Heyland DK, Novak F, Drover JW, et al: Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence. JAMA 2001; 286:944-953
17. Luiking YC, Poeze M, Ramsay G, et al: The role of arginine in infection and sepsis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2005; 29(1 Suppl):S70-S74
18. Bertolini G, Iapichino G, Radrizzani D, et al: Early enteral immunonutrition in patients with severe sepsis: Results of an interim analysis of a randomized multicentre clinical trial. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29:834-840
19. Forstermann U, Munzel T: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular disease: From marvel to menace. Circulation 2006; 113:1708-1714
20. Nijveldt RJ, Siroen MP, Teerlink T, et al: Elimination of asymmetric dimethylarginine by the kidney and the liver: A link to the development of multiple organ failure? J Nutr 2004; 134(10 Suppl):2848S-2852S
21. Nijveldt RJ, Siroen MP, Van der Hoven B, et al: High plasma arginine concentrations in critically ill patients suffering from hepatic failure. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58:587-593
22. Newsholme P: Why is L-glutamine metabolism important to cells of the immune system in health, postinjury, surgery or infection? J Nutr 2001; 131(9 Suppl):2515S-2522S
23. Wilmore DW: The effect of glutamine supplementation in patients following elective surgery and accidental injury. J Nutr 2001; 131(9 Suppl):2543S-2549S
24. Young VR, Ajami AM: Glutamine: The emperor or his clothes? J Nutr 2001; 131(9 Suppl):2449S-2459S
25. Melis GC, ter Wengel N, Boelens PG, et al: Glutamine: Recent developments in research on the clinical significance of glutamine. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2004; 7:59-70
26. Furukawa S, Saito H, Inoue T, et al: Supplemental glutamine augments phagocytosis and reactive oxygen intermediate production by neutrophils and monocytes from postoperative patients in vitro. Nutrition 2000; 16:323-329
27. Boelens PG, Houdijk AP, Fonk JC, et al: Glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition increases HLA-DR expression on monocytes of trauma patients. J Nutr 2002; 132:2580-2586
28. Kouznetsova L, Bijlsma PB, van Leeuwen PA, et al: Glutamine reduces phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate-induced macromolecular hyperpermeability in HT-29Cl. 19A intestinal cells. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1999; 23:136-139
29. Le Bacquer O, Laboisse C, Darmaun D: Glutamine preserves protein synthesis and paracellular permeability in Caco-2 cells submitted to "luminal fasting." Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2003; 285:G128-G136
30. Wischmeyer PE, Riehm J, Singleton KD, et al: Glutamine attenuates tumor necrosis factor-alpha release and enhances heat shock protein 72 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Nutrition 2003; 19:1-6
31. Oehler R, Pusch E, Dungel P, et al: Glutamine depletion impairs cellular stress response in human leucocytes. Br J Nutr 2002; 87(Suppl 1):S17-S21
32. Flaring UB, Rooyackers OE, Wernerman J, et al: Glutamine attenuates post-traumatic glutathione depletion in human muscle. Clin Sci (Lond) 2003; 104:275-282
33. Boelens PG, Houdijk AP, de Thouars HN, et al: Plasma taurine concentrations increase after enteral glutamine supplementation in trauma patients and stressed rats. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77:250-256
34. Huxtable RJ: Physiological actions of taurine. Physiol Rev 1992; 72:101-163
35. Chiarla C, Giovannini I, Siegel JH, et al: The relationship between plasma taurine and other amino acid levels in human sepsis. J Nutr 2000; 130:2222-2227
36. van de Poll MC, Soeters PB, Deutz NE, et al: Renal metabolism of amino acids: Its role in interorgan amino acid exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79:185-197
37. Olde Damink SW, Jalan R, Redhead DN, et al: Interorgan ammonia and amino acid metabolism in metabolically stable patients with cirrhosis and a TIPSS. Hepatology 2002; 36:1163-1171
38. van Acker BA, Hulsewe KW, Wagenmakers AJ, et al: Absence of glutamine isotopic steady state: Implications for the assessment of whole-body glutamine production rate. Clin Sci (Lond) 1998; 95:339-346
39. van de Poll MC, Siroen MP, van Leeuwen PA, et al: Interorgan amino acid exchange in humans: Consequences for arginine and citrulline metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:167-172
40. Windmueller HG, Spaeth AE: Uptake and metabolism of plasma glutamine by the small intestine. J Biol Chem 1974; 249:5070-5079
41. Curis E, Nicolis I, Moinard C, et al: Almost all about citrulline in mammals. Amino Acids 2005; 29:177-205
42. Nagasaki A, Gotoh T, Takeya M, et al: Coinduction of nitric oxide synthase, argininosuccinate synthetase, and argininosuccinate lyase in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. RNA blot, immunoblot, and immunohistochemical analyses. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:2658-2662
43. Husson A, Brasse-Lagnel C, Fairand A, et al: Argininosuccinate synthetase from the urea cycle to the citrulline-NO cycle. Eur J Biochem 2003; 270:1887-1899
44. Cheung CW, Cohen NS, Raijman L: Channeling of urea cycle intermediates in situ in permeabilized hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 1989; 264:4038-4044
45. van der Hulst RR, von Meyenfeldt MF, Deutz NE, et al: Glutamine extraction by the gut is reduced in depleted [corrected] patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Ann Surg 1997; 225:112-121
46. Houdijk AP, Rijnsburger ER, Jansen J, et al: Randomised trial of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on infectious morbidity in patients with multiple trauma. Lancet 1998; 352:772-776
47. Cynober L: Can arginine and ornithine support gut functions? Gut 1994; 35(1 Suppl):S42-S45
48. Windmueller HG, Spaeth AE: Source and fate of circulating citrulline. Am J Physiol 1981; 241:E473-E480
49. Boelens PG, Melis GC, van Leeuwen PA, et al: The route of administration (enteral or parenteral) affects the contribution of Lglutamine to the de novo L-arginine synthesis in mice: A stable isotope study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291:E683-E690
50. Boelens PG, van Leeuwen PA, Dejong CH, et al: Intestinal renal metabolism of L-citrulline and L-arginine following enteral or parenteral infusion of L-alanyl-L-[2,15N]glutamine or L-[2,15N]glutamine in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005; 289:G679-G685
51. Melis G, van de Poll MC, Boelens PG, et al: Glutamine is an important precursor for de novo synthesis in man. Abstract presented at: European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism; 2006; Istanbul, Turkey
52. van de Poll MC, Siroen MP, van Leeuwen PA, et al: Interorgan amino acid exchange in man: Consequences for arginine and citrulline in metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:167-172
53. Matthews DE, Marano MA, Campbell RG: Splanchnic bed utilization of glutamine and glutamic acid in humans. Am J Physiol 1993; 264:E848-E854
54. Dhanakoti SN, Brosnan JT, Herzberg GR, et al: Renal arginine synthesis: Studies in vitro and in vivo. Am J Physiol 1990; 259:E437-E442
55. Haussinger D, Graf D, Weiergraber OH: Glutamine and cell signaling in liver. J Nutr 2001; 131(9 Suppl):2509S-14S
56. Kakoki M, Kim HS, Edgell CJ, et al: Amino acids as modulators of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 291:F297-F304
57. van de Poll MC, Dejong CH, Soeters PB: Adequate range for sulfur-containing amino acids and biomarkers for their excess: Lessons from enteral and parenteral nutrition. J Nutr 2006; 136(6 Suppl):1694S-1700S
58. Albers S, Wernerman J, Stehle P, et al: Availability of amino acids supplied intravenously in healthy man as synthetic dipeptides: Kinetic evaluation of L-alanyl-L-glutamine and glycyl-L-tyrosine. Clin Sci (Lond) 1988; 75:463-468
59. Hubl W, Druml W, Langer K, et al: Influence of molecular structure and plasma hydrolysis on the metabolism of glutamine-containing dipeptides in humans. Metabolism 1989; 38(8 Suppl 1):59-62
60. Albers S, Wernerman J, Stehle P, et al: Availability of amino acids supplied by constant intravenous infusion of synthetic dipeptides in healthy man. Clin Sci (Lond) 1989; 76:643-648
61. Prins HA, Houdijk AP, Wiezer MJ, et al: Reduced arginine plasma levels are the drive for arginine production by the kidney in the rat. Shock 1999; 11:199-204
62. Hardy G, Bevan SJ, McElroy B, et al: Stability of glutamine in parenteral feeding solutions. Lancet 1993; 342:186