-
1
-
-
85039175717
-
-
Peter Gabel, Symposium: A Critique of Rights: The Phenomenology of Rights-Consciousness and the Pact of the Withdrawn Selves, 62 TEX. L. Rev. 1563, 1588 (1984).
-
Peter Gabel, Symposium: A Critique of Rights: The Phenomenology of Rights-Consciousness and the Pact of the Withdrawn Selves, 62 TEX. L. Rev. 1563, 1588 (1984).
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
85039187355
-
-
See esp. Patricia J. Williams, Alchemical Notes: Reconstructing Ideals from Deconstructed Rights, 22 HARV. C.R.-C.L. L. REV. 401, 411-13 (1987).
-
See esp. Patricia J. Williams, Alchemical Notes: Reconstructing Ideals from Deconstructed Rights, 22 HARV. C.R.-C.L. L. REV. 401, 411-13 (1987).
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
34547953856
-
Social and Economic Rights? Lessons from South Africa, 11 CONST
-
See e.g
-
See e.g., Cass R. Sunstein, Social and Economic Rights? Lessons from South Africa, 11 CONST. FORUM 123 (2001);
-
(2001)
FORUM
, vol.123
-
-
Sunstein, C.R.1
-
5
-
-
85039203906
-
-
Frank I. Michelman, The Constitution, Social Rights, and Liberal Political Justification, 1 INT'L J. CONST. L. 13 (2003).
-
Frank I. Michelman, The Constitution, Social Rights, and Liberal Political Justification, 1 INT'L J. CONST. L. 13 (2003).
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
34548158852
-
Towards a Reasonable Approach to the Minimum Core: Laying the Foundations for Future Socioeconomic Rights Jurisprudence, 19 S. AFR
-
See, e.g
-
See, e.g., David Bilchitz, Towards a Reasonable Approach to the Minimum Core: Laying the Foundations for Future Socioeconomic Rights Jurisprudence, 19 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 1 (2003);
-
(2003)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.1
-
-
Bilchitz, D.1
-
7
-
-
85039235381
-
-
Danie Brand, The Proceduralisation of South African Socioeconomic Rights Jurisprudence, or What are Socioeconomic Rights For?, in RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY IN A TRANSFORMATIVE CONSTITUTION 33 (Henk Botha et. al. eds., 2003);
-
Danie Brand, The Proceduralisation of South African Socioeconomic Rights Jurisprudence, or "What are Socioeconomic Rights For?," in RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY IN A TRANSFORMATIVE CONSTITUTION 33 (Henk Botha et. al. eds., 2003);
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
30444435401
-
South Africa's Evolving Jurisprudence on Socio-economic Rights: An Effective Tool in Challenging Poverty?
-
Sandra Liebenberg, South Africa's Evolving Jurisprudence on Socio-economic Rights: An Effective Tool in Challenging Poverty?, 6 LAW, DEMOCRACY & DEV. 159 (2002);
-
(2002)
LAW, DEMOCRACY & DEV
, vol.6
, pp. 159
-
-
Liebenberg, S.1
-
9
-
-
10244247789
-
Possibilities and Pitfalls in the Domestic Enforcement of Social Rights: Contemplating the South African Experience, 26
-
Marius Pieterse, Possibilities and Pitfalls in the Domestic Enforcement of Social Rights: Contemplating the South African Experience, 26 HUM. RTS. Q. 882 (2004).
-
(2004)
HUM. RTS. Q
, vol.882
-
-
Pieterse, M.1
-
10
-
-
34548177149
-
R if C > B + P: A Paradigm for Judicial Remedies of Socioeconomic Rights Violations, 18 S. AFR
-
See
-
See Thomas J. Bollyky, R if C > B + P: A Paradigm for Judicial Remedies of Socioeconomic Rights Violations, 18 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 161, 182 (2002);
-
(2002)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.161
, pp. 182
-
-
Bollyky, T.J.1
-
11
-
-
85039211542
-
-
Pieterse, Possibilities and Pitfalls, supra note 5, at 902-05 and, in a different but related context, Theunis Roux, Pro-poor Court, Anti-poor Outcomes: Explaining the Performance of the South African Land Clairns Court, 20 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 511 (2004). On the challenges posed by the formalism and executive-mindedness of South African legal culture for transformative adjudication,
-
Pieterse, Possibilities and Pitfalls, supra note 5, at 902-05 and, in a different but related context, Theunis Roux, Pro-poor Court, Anti-poor Outcomes: Explaining the Performance of the South African Land Clairns Court, 20 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 511 (2004). On the challenges posed by the formalism and executive-mindedness of South African legal culture for transformative adjudication,
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
29244484603
-
Legal Culture and Transformative Constitutionalism, 14 S. AFR
-
see
-
see Karl E. Klare, Legal Culture and Transformative Constitutionalism, 14 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 146 (1998);
-
(1998)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.146
-
-
Klare, K.E.1
-
13
-
-
34548145703
-
The Fourth Bram Fischer Memorial Lecture: Transformative Adjudication, 18 S. AFR
-
Dikgang Moseneke, The Fourth Bram Fischer Memorial Lecture: Transformative Adjudication, 18 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 309 (2002).
-
(2002)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.309
-
-
Moseneke, D.1
-
14
-
-
85039223868
-
-
Gabel, supra note 1
-
Gabel, supra note 1.
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
34547939397
-
Coming to Terms with Judicial Enforcement of Socioeconomic Rights, 20 S. AFR
-
See
-
See Marius Pieterse, Coming to Terms with Judicial Enforcement of Socioeconomic Rights, 20 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 383 (2004).
-
(2004)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.383
-
-
Pieterse, M.1
-
16
-
-
34447536569
-
An Essay on Rights, 62
-
Mark Tushnet, An Essay on Rights, 62 TEXAS L. REV. 1363, 1363 (1984).
-
(1984)
TEXAS L. REV
, vol.1363
, pp. 1363
-
-
Tushnet, M.1
-
17
-
-
34548089753
-
-
Id. at, at
-
Id. at 1364. See also id. at 1370-75, 1379-80, 1382-83;
-
See also id
-
-
-
18
-
-
85039188475
-
-
Gabel, supra note 1, at 182-83, 189-90, 194-96; Peter Gabel & Duncan Kennedy, Roll Over Beethoven, 36 STANFORD L. REV. 1, 33-37 (1984).
-
Gabel, supra note 1, at 182-83, 189-90, 194-96; Peter Gabel & Duncan Kennedy, Roll Over Beethoven, 36 STANFORD L. REV. 1, 33-37 (1984).
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
85039197952
-
-
See Tushnet, supra note 9, at 1386-92; Morton J. Horwitz, Rights, 23 HARV. C.R.-C.L. L. REV. 393, 395, 398, 405-06 (1988);
-
See Tushnet, supra note 9, at 1386-92; Morton J. Horwitz, Rights, 23 HARV. C.R.-C.L. L. REV. 393, 395, 398, 405-06 (1988);
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
33846639149
-
Rights and Redistribution in the Welfare System, 38
-
William H. Simon, Rights and Redistribution in the Welfare System, 38 STANFORD L. REV. 1431, 1432-35 (1986);
-
(1986)
STANFORD L. REV
, vol.1431
, pp. 1432-1435
-
-
Simon, W.H.1
-
21
-
-
0035629436
-
-
Robin West, Rights, Capabilities and the Good Society, 69 FORDHAM L. REV. 1901, 1904-07, 1914-15 (2001) (a more recent formulation of the same argument).
-
Robin West, Rights, Capabilities and the Good Society, 69 FORDHAM L. REV. 1901, 1904-07, 1914-15 (2001) (a more recent formulation of the same argument).
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
0006500960
-
The Supreme Court 1968 Term: Foreword: On Protecting the Poor Through the Fourteenth Amendment, 83
-
Frank I. Michelman, The Supreme Court 1968 Term: Foreword: On Protecting the Poor Through the Fourteenth Amendment, 83 HARV. L. REV. 7, 7-8, 13-14, 33-39 (1969).
-
(1969)
HARV. L. REV
, vol.7
, Issue.7-8
-
-
Michelman, F.I.1
-
23
-
-
85039181771
-
-
Tushnet, supra note 9, at 1394. See also id. at 1383.
-
Tushnet, supra note 9, at 1394. See also id. at 1383.
-
-
-
-
24
-
-
0011362340
-
The Ethereal Scholar: Does Critical Legal Studies have what Minorities Want?, 22
-
See
-
See Richard Delgado, The Ethereal Scholar: Does Critical Legal Studies have what Minorities Want?, 22 HARV. C.R.-C.L. L. REV. 301, 304-05 (1987);
-
(1987)
HARV. C.R.-C.L. L. REV
, vol.301
, pp. 304-305
-
-
Delgado, R.1
-
25
-
-
85039206281
-
-
Simon, supra note 11, at 1431;
-
Simon, supra note 11, at 1431;
-
-
-
-
26
-
-
85039184449
-
-
Williams, supra note 3, at 412-13;
-
Williams, supra note 3, at 412-13;
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
85039201007
-
-
Jeanne M. Woods, Emerging Paradigms of Protection for Second-Generation Human Rights, 6 LOY. J. PUB. INT. L. 103, 128 (2005).
-
Jeanne M. Woods, Emerging Paradigms of Protection for "Second-Generation" Human Rights, 6 LOY. J. PUB. INT. L. 103, 128 (2005).
-
-
-
-
28
-
-
85039189222
-
-
Bruce Ackerman conceives of rights as political tools with which to express justified and legitimate claims to social goods within societal dialogues and power struggles. BRUCE A. ACKERMAN, SOCIAL JUSTICE IN THE LIBERAL STATE 5 1980
-
Bruce Ackerman conceives of rights as political tools with which to express justified and legitimate claims to social goods within societal dialogues and power struggles. BRUCE A. ACKERMAN, SOCIAL JUSTICE IN THE LIBERAL STATE 5 (1980).
-
-
-
-
29
-
-
34548171540
-
In its Dworkinian formulation, rights are accordingly depicted as "trumps" over competing social claims. RONALD DWORKIN
-
In its Dworkinian formulation, rights are accordingly depicted as "trumps" over competing social claims. RONALD DWORKIN, TAKING RIGHTS SERIOUSLY 199 (1977).
-
(1977)
TAKING RIGHTS SERIOUSLY
, vol.199
-
-
-
30
-
-
85039195253
-
-
See further Horwitz, supra note 11, at 395
-
See further Horwitz, supra note 11, at 395.
-
-
-
-
31
-
-
85039211438
-
-
DWORKIN, supra note 15, at 200, 204, 269
-
DWORKIN, supra note 15, at 200, 204, 269.
-
-
-
-
32
-
-
85039234909
-
-
Williams, supra note 3, at 411-12, 416
-
Williams, supra note 3, at 411-12, 416.
-
-
-
-
33
-
-
85039175691
-
-
See also ANDRE VAN DER WALT, A South African Reading of Frank Michelman's Theory of Social Justice, in RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY IN A TRANSFORMATIVE CONSTITUTION 163, 197 (Henk Botha et. al. eds., 2003).
-
See also ANDRE VAN DER WALT, A South African Reading of Frank Michelman's Theory of Social Justice, in RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY IN A TRANSFORMATIVE CONSTITUTION 163, 197 (Henk Botha et. al. eds., 2003).
-
-
-
-
34
-
-
85039211646
-
-
West, supra note 11, at 1918-20
-
West, supra note 11, at 1918-20.
-
-
-
-
35
-
-
85039195360
-
-
See also Horwitz, supra note 11, at 404, 406
-
See also Horwitz, supra note 11, at 404, 406.
-
-
-
-
36
-
-
85039210172
-
-
West, supra note 11, at 1902
-
West, supra note 11, at 1902.
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
85039203312
-
-
This accords with the earlier argument of Michelman, supra note 12, at 13-15. One scholar situates the constitutional rights in South Africa within a similar conception of the good society
-
This accords with the earlier argument of Michelman, supra note 12, at 13-15. One scholar situates the constitutional rights in South Africa within a similar conception of the "good society."
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
33845445713
-
The Value of Human Dignity in Interpreting Socioeconomic Rights, 21 S. AFR
-
Sandra Liebenberg, The Value of Human Dignity in Interpreting Socioeconomic Rights, 21 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 1, 2-3, 7 (2005).
-
(2005)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.1
, Issue.2-3
, pp. 7
-
-
Liebenberg, S.1
-
40
-
-
85039238514
-
-
Sandra Liebenberg, Socioeconomic Rights, in CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF SOUTH AFRICA 41-1 (Matthew Chaskalson et. al. eds., 1996, 5 R.S. 1998).
-
Sandra Liebenberg, Socioeconomic Rights, in CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF SOUTH AFRICA 41-1 (Matthew Chaskalson et. al. eds., 1996, 5 R.S. 1998).
-
-
-
-
41
-
-
85039223443
-
-
See also Craig Scott, The Inter-dependence and Permeability of Human Rights Norms: Towards a Partial Fusion of the International Covenants on Human Rights, 27 OSGOODE HALL L. J. 769 (1989);
-
See also Craig Scott, The Inter-dependence and Permeability of Human Rights Norms: Towards a Partial Fusion of the International Covenants on Human Rights, 27 OSGOODE HALL L. J. 769 (1989);
-
-
-
-
42
-
-
85039196909
-
-
Martin Scheinin, Economic and Social Rights as Legal Rights, in ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS: A TEXTBOOK 41, 44 (Asbjørn Eide et. al. eds., 1995);
-
Martin Scheinin, Economic and Social Rights as Legal Rights, in ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS: A TEXTBOOK 41, 44 (Asbjørn Eide et. al. eds., 1995);
-
-
-
-
43
-
-
85039204279
-
-
HENRY J. STEINER & PHILIP ALSTON, INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS IN CONTEXT: LAW, POLITICS, MORALS 247 (2nd ed. 2000).
-
HENRY J. STEINER & PHILIP ALSTON, INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS IN CONTEXT: LAW, POLITICS, MORALS 247 (2nd ed. 2000).
-
-
-
-
44
-
-
85039218931
-
-
For instance, Tushnet, supra note 9, at 1392-94 indicates that the CLS critique of liberal rights should not be seen as attempting to weaken my comracles' efforts to build a society that guarantees positive as well as negative rights. Id. at 1394.
-
For instance, Tushnet, supra note 9, at 1392-94 indicates that the CLS critique of liberal rights should not be seen as attempting to "weaken my comracles' efforts to build a society that guarantees positive as well as negative rights." Id. at 1394.
-
-
-
-
45
-
-
85039228036
-
-
This has also been argued in the South African context. Mark Heywood, Debunking Conglomo-talk: A Case Study of the Amicus Curiae as an Instrument for Advocacy, Investigation and Mobilisation, 5 LAW, DEMOCRACY & DEV. 133, 147 (2001);
-
This has also been argued in the South African context. Mark Heywood, Debunking "Conglomo-talk": A Case Study of the Amicus Curiae as an Instrument for Advocacy, Investigation and Mobilisation, 5 LAW, DEMOCRACY & DEV. 133, 147 (2001);
-
-
-
-
47
-
-
85039225403
-
-
Moseneke, supra note 6, at 318
-
Moseneke, supra note 6, at 318.
-
-
-
-
48
-
-
85039240772
-
-
Brand, Proceduralisation of Rights Jurisprudence, supra note 5, at 35-36 (drawing from the arguments of Michelman, supra note 12).
-
Brand, Proceduralisation of Rights Jurisprudence, supra note 5, at 35-36 (drawing from the arguments of Michelman, supra note 12).
-
-
-
-
49
-
-
34548186054
-
The Right to Social Assistance: The Implications of Grootboom for Policy Reform in South Africa, 17 S. AFR
-
See also
-
See also Sandra Liebenberg, The Right to Social Assistance: The Implications of Grootboom for Policy Reform in South Africa, 17 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 232, 235 (2001).
-
(2001)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.232
, pp. 235
-
-
Liebenberg, S.1
-
51
-
-
85039188476
-
-
See also Bollyky, supra note 6, at 164;
-
See also Bollyky, supra note 6, at 164;
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
85039217659
-
-
Dennis Davis, Socioeconomic Rights in South Africa: The Record of the Constitutional Court After Ten Years, 5(5) E. S. R. REV. 3, 5 (2004);
-
Dennis Davis, Socioeconomic Rights in South Africa: The Record of the Constitutional Court After Ten Years, 5(5) E. S. R. REV. 3, 5 (2004);
-
-
-
-
54
-
-
34548168183
-
Preventing Mother-to-child HIV Transmission in South Africa: Background, Strategies and Outcomes of the Treatment Action Campaign Case Against the Minister of Health, 19 S. AFR
-
Mark Heywood, Preventing Mother-to-child HIV Transmission in South Africa: Background, Strategies and Outcomes of the Treatment Action Campaign Case Against the Minister of Health, 19 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 278, 300 (2003);
-
(2003)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.278
, pp. 300
-
-
Heywood, M.1
-
56
-
-
34547939984
-
Adjudicating Constitutional Priorities in a Transnational Context: A Comment on Soobramoney's Legacy and Grootboom's Promise, 16 S. AFR
-
Craig Scott & Philip Alston, Adjudicating Constitutional Priorities in a Transnational Context: A Comment on Soobramoney's Legacy and Grootboom's Promise, 16 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 206, 254-55 (2000).
-
(2000)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.206
, pp. 254-255
-
-
Scott, C.1
Alston, P.2
-
58
-
-
0006016417
-
Constitutionalism, Majoritarian Democracy and Socioeconomic Rights, 8 S. AFR
-
See
-
See Nicholas Haysom, Constitutionalism, Majoritarian Democracy and Socioeconomic Rights, 8 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 451, 454 (1992);
-
(1992)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.451
, pp. 454
-
-
Haysom, N.1
-
59
-
-
34548166396
-
Beyond a Charter of Luxuries: Economic Rights in the Constitution, 8 S. AFR
-
Etienne Mureinik, Beyond a Charter of Luxuries: Economic Rights in the Constitution, 8 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 464, 465 (1992);
-
(1992)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.464
, pp. 465
-
-
Mureinik, E.1
-
60
-
-
84923512560
-
Constitutional Ropes of Sand or Justiciable Guarantees? Social Rights in a New South African Constitution, 141
-
Craig Scott & Patrick Macklem, Constitutional Ropes of Sand or Justiciable Guarantees? Social Rights in a New South African Constitution, 141 U. PA. L. REV. 1, 85 (1992).
-
(1992)
U. PA. L. REV
, vol.1
, pp. 85
-
-
Scott, C.1
Macklem, P.2
-
61
-
-
34548183426
-
The Case Against the Inclusion of Socioeconomic Demands in a Bill of Rights Except as Directive Principles, 8 S. AFR
-
See
-
See D.M. Davis, The Case Against the Inclusion of Socioeconomic Demands in a Bill of Rights Except as Directive Principles, 8 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 475, 480-81, 484-85 (1992);
-
(1992)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.475
-
-
Davis, D.M.1
-
62
-
-
85039182218
-
-
SOUTH AFRICAN LAW COMMISSION, INTERIM REPORT ON GROUP AND HUMAN RIGHTS (Aug. 1991). I have discussed the terms of the pre-constitutional debates over the justiciability of socioeconomic rights in more detail in Pieterse, Possibilities and Pitfalls, coming to terms with Judicial Enforcement of Socioeconomic Rights, supra note 5, at 885-86;
-
SOUTH AFRICAN LAW COMMISSION, INTERIM REPORT ON GROUP AND HUMAN RIGHTS (Aug. 1991). I have discussed the terms of the pre-constitutional debates over the justiciability of socioeconomic rights in more detail in Pieterse, Possibilities and Pitfalls, coming to terms with Judicial Enforcement of Socioeconomic Rights, supra note 5, at 885-86;
-
-
-
-
63
-
-
85039184442
-
-
Pieterse, supra note 8, at 399-401
-
Pieterse, supra note 8, at 399-401.
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
85039210351
-
-
Id. ¶ 78
-
Id. ¶ 78.
-
-
-
-
66
-
-
85039177834
-
-
See IAIN CURRIE & JOHAN DE WAAL, THE BILL OF RIGHTS HANDBOOK 570-71 (5th ed. 2005).
-
See IAIN CURRIE & JOHAN DE WAAL, THE BILL OF RIGHTS HANDBOOK 570-71 (5th ed. 2005).
-
-
-
-
67
-
-
85039202451
-
-
S. AFR. CONST., supra note 2, § 26(3), 27(3), 28(1)(c), 29(1)(a), 35(2)(e), respectively.
-
S. AFR. CONST., supra note 2, § 26(3), 27(3), 28(1)(c), 29(1)(a), 35(2)(e), respectively.
-
-
-
-
68
-
-
85039216958
-
-
I will not separately consider the enforcement of these unlimited socioeconomic rights in this article, since the Constitutional Court's approach to these rights does not differ from its approach to the limited rights in §§ 26 and 27 of the Constitution. I have discussed and criticized this anomalous feature of its jurisprudence in Pieterse, Possibilities and Pitfalls, supra note 5, at 901-02.
-
I will not separately consider the enforcement of these "unlimited" socioeconomic rights in this article, since the Constitutional Court's approach to these rights does not differ from its approach to the "limited" rights in §§ 26 and 27 of the Constitution. I have discussed and criticized this anomalous feature of its jurisprudence in Pieterse, Possibilities and Pitfalls, supra note 5, at 901-02.
-
-
-
-
69
-
-
85039223059
-
-
Soobramoney v. Minister of Health, KwaZulu Natal 1998 (1) SA 745 (CC) § 25, 29-30,
-
Soobramoney v. Minister of Health, KwaZulu Natal 1998 (1) SA 745 (CC) § 25, 29-30,
-
-
-
-
70
-
-
85039194506
-
-
S. Afr
-
(S. Afr.).
-
-
-
-
71
-
-
85039206133
-
-
Id. ¶ 31
-
Id. ¶ 31.
-
-
-
-
72
-
-
85039183527
-
-
Id. ¶ 42
-
Id. ¶ 42.
-
-
-
-
73
-
-
85039206947
-
-
South Africa v. Grootboom 2001 (1) SA 46 (CC) ¶ 95 (S. Afr.).
-
South Africa v. Grootboom 2001 (1) SA 46 (CC) ¶ 95 (S. Afr.).
-
-
-
-
74
-
-
85039225304
-
-
Id. ¶ 32
-
Id. ¶ 32.
-
-
-
-
75
-
-
85039183116
-
-
Id. ¶ 33
-
Id. ¶ 33.
-
-
-
-
76
-
-
85039196740
-
-
¶¶ 39-44, 46
-
Id. ¶¶ 39-44, 46, 66, 68, 82.
-
, vol.66
, Issue.68
, pp. 82
-
-
-
77
-
-
85039191399
-
-
Id. ¶ 69
-
Id. ¶ 69.
-
-
-
-
78
-
-
85039195053
-
-
Id. ¶ 97
-
Id. ¶ 97.
-
-
-
-
79
-
-
20044390518
-
Implementation of Grootboom: Implications for the Enforcement of Socioeconomic Rights
-
See
-
See Kameshni Pillay, Implementation of Grootboom: Implications for the Enforcement of Socioeconomic Rights, 6 LAw, DEMOCRACY & DEV. 255 (2002).
-
(2002)
LAw, DEMOCRACY & DEV
, vol.6
, pp. 255
-
-
Pillay, K.1
-
80
-
-
85039197272
-
-
Minister of Health and Others v. Treatment Action Campaign and Others (No 2) 2002 (5) SA 721 (CC) ¶ ¶ 80, 95 (S. Afr.).
-
Minister of Health and Others v. Treatment Action Campaign and Others (No 2) 2002 (5) SA 721 (CC) ¶ ¶ 80, 95 (S. Afr.).
-
-
-
-
81
-
-
85039206737
-
-
¶ ¶
-
Id. ¶ ¶ 49, 72-73, 120.
-
, vol.49
, Issue.72-73
, pp. 120
-
-
Pillay, K.1
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82
-
-
85039215703
-
-
Id. ¶ 135. See also id. ¶¶ 64, 69, 71, 95.
-
Id. ¶ 135. See also id. ¶¶ 64, 69, 71, 95.
-
-
-
-
83
-
-
85039204084
-
-
Id. ¶ 125
-
Id. ¶ 125.
-
-
-
-
84
-
-
85039206473
-
-
Id. ¶ ¶ 34 ([T]he socio-economic rights of the Constitution should not be construed as entitling everyone to demand that the minimum core be provided to them.) Id. ¶ 35. (It is impossible to give everyone access even to a 'core' service immediately. All that is possible, and all that can be expected of the state, is that it act reasonably to provide access to the socio-economic rights identified in Sections 26 and 27 on a progressive basis.).
-
Id. ¶ ¶ 34 ("[T]he socio-economic rights of the Constitution should not be construed as entitling everyone to demand that the minimum core be provided to them.") Id. ¶ 35. ("It is impossible to give everyone access even to a 'core' service immediately. All that is possible, and all that can be expected of the state, is that it act reasonably to provide access to the socio-economic rights identified in Sections 26 and 27 on a progressive basis.").
-
-
-
-
85
-
-
85039238936
-
-
¶ ¶
-
Id. ¶ ¶ 29-32, 36, 38-39.
-
, vol.29-32
, Issue.36
, pp. 38-39
-
-
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86
-
-
85039239362
-
-
See Mark Heywood, Contempt or Compliance? The TAC Case After the Constitutional Court Judgment, 4(1) E. S. R. REV. 7 (2003).
-
See Mark Heywood, Contempt or Compliance? The TAC Case After the Constitutional Court Judgment, 4(1) E. S. R. REV. 7 (2003).
-
-
-
-
87
-
-
85039226706
-
-
Khosa v. Minister of Social Development, Mahlaule v. Minister of Social Development 2004 (6) SA 505 (CC) ¶ ¶ 53, 62, 74-75, 77, 80, 82, 85, 89 (S. Afr.).
-
Khosa v. Minister of Social Development, Mahlaule v. Minister of Social Development 2004 (6) SA 505 (CC) ¶ ¶ 53, 62, 74-75, 77, 80, 82, 85, 89 (S. Afr.).
-
-
-
-
88
-
-
85039228985
-
-
Jaftha v. Schoeman; Van Rooyen v. Stolz 2005 (2) SA 140 (CC) ¶ ¶ 31-32, 34 (S. Afr.).
-
Jaftha v. Schoeman; Van Rooyen v. Stolz 2005 (2) SA 140 (CC) ¶ ¶ 31-32, 34 (S. Afr.).
-
-
-
-
89
-
-
85039209169
-
-
Id. ¶ 67
-
Id. ¶ 67.
-
-
-
-
90
-
-
85039184995
-
-
See, e.g., remarks of Bilchitz, Towards a Reasonable Approach, supra note 5, at 22; Liebenberg, Evolving Jurisprudence, supra note 5, at 162; Michelman, supra note 4, at 17-18, 29, 32-34 (regarding the indirect, policy-directive effects of the Court's approach as its main advantage).
-
See, e.g., remarks of Bilchitz, Towards a Reasonable Approach, supra note 5, at 22; Liebenberg, Evolving Jurisprudence, supra note 5, at 162; Michelman, supra note 4, at 17-18, 29, 32-34 (regarding the indirect, policy-directive effects of the Court's approach as its main advantage).
-
-
-
-
91
-
-
85039181072
-
-
See, e.g., David Bilchitz, Giving Socioeconomic Rights Teeth: The Minimum Core and its Importance, 119 S. AFR. L. J. 484 (2002);
-
See, e.g., David Bilchitz, Giving Socioeconomic Rights Teeth: The Minimum Core and its Importance, 119 S. AFR. L. J. 484 (2002);
-
-
-
-
92
-
-
85039241765
-
-
Bilchitz, supra note 5;
-
Bilchitz, supra note 5;
-
-
-
-
93
-
-
34548148570
-
Limiting Socioeconomic Rights: Beyond the Internal Limitations Clauses, 20 S. AFR
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Kevin Iles, Limiting Socioeconomic Rights: Beyond the Internal Limitations Clauses, 20 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 448, 454 (2004).
-
(2004)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.448
, pp. 454
-
-
Iles, K.1
-
94
-
-
85039219023
-
-
See, e.g, Brand, Proceduralisation of Rights Jurisprudence, supra note 5;
-
See, e.g., Brand, Proceduralisation of Rights Jurisprudence, supra note 5;
-
-
-
-
95
-
-
85039180526
-
-
Liebenberg, Evolving Jurisprudence, supra note 5;
-
Liebenberg, Evolving Jurisprudence, supra note 5;
-
-
-
-
96
-
-
85039190693
-
-
Liebenberg, Value of Human Dignity, supra note 19
-
Liebenberg, Value of Human Dignity, supra note 19.
-
-
-
-
97
-
-
85039240203
-
-
See, e.g, Davis, supra note 25;
-
See, e.g., Davis, supra note 25;
-
-
-
-
98
-
-
85039239675
-
-
Pillay, supra note 44;
-
Pillay, supra note 44;
-
-
-
-
99
-
-
0345226890
-
Understanding Grootboom: A Response to Cass R. Sunstein, 12(2) CONST
-
at
-
Theunis Roux, Understanding Grootboom: A Response to Cass R. Sunstein, 12(2) CONST. FORUM 41, at 50-51 (2002);
-
(2002)
FORUM
, vol.41
, pp. 50-51
-
-
Roux, T.1
-
100
-
-
34548185039
-
Left Out in the Cold? Crafting Constitutional Remedies for the Poorest of the Poor, 21 S. AFR
-
Mia Swart, Left Out in the Cold? Crafting Constitutional Remedies for the Poorest of the Poor, 21 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 215 (2005).
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(2005)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.215
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-
Swart, M.1
-
101
-
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34548189894
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Reasoning About Resources: Soobramoney and the Future of Socioeconomic Rights Claims, 14 S. AFR
-
See, e.g
-
See, e.g., Darrel Moellendorf, Reasoning About Resources: Soobramoney and the Future of Socioeconomic Rights Claims, 14 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 327 (1998);
-
(1998)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.327
-
-
Moellendorf, D.1
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103
-
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34548155835
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Reviewing Implementation of Social and Economic Rights: An Assessment of the "Reasonableness" Test as Developed by the South African Constitutional Court, 65 HEIDELBERG
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Fons Coomans, Reviewing Implementation of Social and Economic Rights: An Assessment of the "Reasonableness" Test as Developed by the South African Constitutional Court, 65 HEIDELBERG J. INT. L. 167, 190-91 (2005).
-
(2005)
J. INT
, vol.50
, Issue.167
, pp. 190-191
-
-
Coomans, F.1
-
105
-
-
85039185338
-
-
See also id. at 39, 49.
-
See also id. at 39, 49.
-
-
-
-
106
-
-
85039234374
-
-
lain Currie, Bill of Rights Jurisprudence, ANN. SURV. S. AFR. L. 36, 72 (2002).
-
lain Currie, Bill of Rights Jurisprudence, ANN. SURV. S. AFR. L. 36, 72 (2002).
-
-
-
-
107
-
-
85039206168
-
-
For similar characterizations of the Court's approach see, e.g, Bilchitz, Towards a Reasonable Approach, supra note 5, at 10;
-
For similar characterizations of the Court's approach see, e.g., Bilchitz, Towards a Reasonable Approach, supra note 5, at 10;
-
-
-
-
108
-
-
85039181213
-
-
Coomans, supra note 59, at 188;
-
Coomans, supra note 59, at 188;
-
-
-
-
109
-
-
34548180471
-
Grootboom, the Right of Access to Housing and Substantive Equality as Contextual Fairness, 17 S. AFR
-
Pierre De Vos, Grootboom, the Right of Access to Housing and Substantive Equality as Contextual Fairness, 17 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 258, 271 (2001);
-
(2001)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.258
, pp. 271
-
-
Vos, P.D.1
-
110
-
-
34548178626
-
Five Years on: How Relevant is the Constitution to the New South Africa, 26
-
Heinz Klug, Five Years on: How Relevant is the Constitution to the New South Africa, 26 VT. L. REV. 803, 807-08 (2002);
-
(2002)
VT. L. REV
, vol.803
, pp. 807-808
-
-
Klug, H.1
-
112
-
-
34548181927
-
Institutional Monitoring of Social and Economic Rights: A South African Case Study and a New Research Agenda, 19 S. AFR
-
Dwight G. Newman, Institutional Monitoring of Social and Economic Rights: A South African Case Study and a New Research Agenda, 19 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 189, 196 (2003);
-
(2003)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.189
, pp. 196
-
-
Newman, D.G.1
-
114
-
-
85039187269
-
-
Roux, supra note 58, at 46;
-
Roux, supra note 58, at 46;
-
-
-
-
115
-
-
85039191497
-
-
VAN DER WALT, supra note 17, at 200
-
VAN DER WALT, supra note 17, at 200.
-
-
-
-
117
-
-
85039216344
-
-
Brand, Proceduralisation of Rights Jurisprudence, supra note 5, at 36-37, 49, 55;
-
Brand, Proceduralisation of Rights Jurisprudence, supra note 5, at 36-37, 49, 55;
-
-
-
-
119
-
-
85039180101
-
-
VAN DER WALT, supra note 17, at 200
-
VAN DER WALT, supra note 17, at 200.
-
-
-
-
120
-
-
85039196366
-
-
See Coomans, supra note 59, at 188, 195;
-
See Coomans, supra note 59, at 188, 195;
-
-
-
-
123
-
-
85039217467
-
-
Davis, supra note 25, at 6
-
Davis, supra note 25, at 6.
-
-
-
-
124
-
-
85039240496
-
-
See Sunstein, supra note 4; Michelman, supra note 4.
-
See Sunstein, supra note 4; Michelman, supra note 4.
-
-
-
-
125
-
-
85039210707
-
-
Currie, supra note 61, at 72
-
Currie, supra note 61, at 72.
-
-
-
-
126
-
-
85039186135
-
-
West, supra note 11, at 1917
-
West, supra note 11, at 1917.
-
-
-
-
127
-
-
85039205153
-
-
Davis, supra note 29, at 484-85
-
Davis, supra note 29, at 484-85.
-
-
-
-
128
-
-
85039238842
-
-
Gabel, supra note 1, at 1576-77
-
Gabel, supra note 1, at 1576-77.
-
-
-
-
129
-
-
85039233615
-
-
Id. at 1577
-
Id. at 1577.
-
-
-
-
130
-
-
85039215836
-
-
See also id. at 1580 (While at the purely rational, or manifest, level these abstract rights signify only the universally allowed possible actions available to individuals in suspended form, at the irrational, or latent, level they link the totality of our current alienated experience with the realization of desire as a collective fantasy) id. at 1581 We guard ourselves against the risk of taking existential action against our alienation by repeatedly telling ourselves that our alienation is inevitable, while at the same time denying that this alienation exists. And by acting toward each other as if we believe all this and that it must be believed, we coerce each other into remaining passive observers of our own suspended experience, hiding together inside the anonymity of artificial self-presentations that perpetually keep us locked in a state of mutual distance, as well as Gabel & Kennedy, supra note 10, at 26, 35
-
See also id. at 1580 ("While at the purely rational, or manifest, level these abstract rights signify only the universally allowed possible actions available to individuals in suspended form ..., at the irrational, or latent, level they link the totality of our current alienated experience with the realization of desire as a collective fantasy") id. at 1581 ("We guard ourselves against the risk of taking existential action against our alienation by repeatedly telling ourselves that our alienation is inevitable, while at the same time denying that this alienation exists. And by acting toward each other as if we believe all this and that it must be believed, we coerce each other into remaining passive observers of our own suspended experience, hiding together inside the anonymity of artificial self-presentations that perpetually keep us locked in a state of mutual distance"), as well as Gabel & Kennedy, supra note 10, at 26, 35.
-
-
-
-
131
-
-
85039190769
-
-
Gabel, supra note 1, at 1581-86
-
Gabel, supra note 1, at 1581-86.
-
-
-
-
132
-
-
85039184624
-
-
See also id. at 1583 (for substitute gratifications to secure their substitute or unrealized character, the rights which embody them must be suspended in a permanent state of abstraction. They must be able to mean anything at the surface level in order that they not mean anything at the underlying level, where the desire for freedom and equality, for example, is embroiled in conflict. Thus the indeterminancy of what any right 'really means concretely' results from our very intention that it should not mean anything concrete (or, to put this more precisely, that it should not mean what it means)).
-
See also id. at 1583 ("for substitute gratifications to secure their substitute or unrealized character, the rights which embody them must be suspended in a permanent state of abstraction. They must be able to mean anything at the surface level in order that they not mean anything at the underlying level, where the desire for freedom and equality, for example, is embroiled in conflict. Thus the indeterminancy of what any right 'really means concretely' results from our very intention that it should not mean anything concrete (or, to put this more precisely, that it should not mean what it means)").
-
-
-
-
133
-
-
85039187773
-
-
See also Tushnet, supra note 9, at 1371
-
See also Tushnet, supra note 9, at 1371.
-
-
-
-
134
-
-
85039205508
-
-
Gabel, supra note 1, at 1593
-
Gabel, supra note 1, at 1593.
-
-
-
-
135
-
-
85039235763
-
-
Id. at 1594
-
Id. at 1594.
-
-
-
-
136
-
-
85039215991
-
-
See also Gabei & Kennedy, supra note 10, at 33, 37
-
See also Gabei & Kennedy, supra note 10, at 33, 37.
-
-
-
-
137
-
-
85039194812
-
-
Gabel, supra note 1, at 1595
-
Gabel, supra note 1, at 1595.
-
-
-
-
138
-
-
85039189716
-
-
Id. at 1596
-
Id. at 1596.
-
-
-
-
139
-
-
85039194662
-
-
See also Tushnet, supra note 9, at 1373
-
See also Tushnet, supra note 9, at 1373.
-
-
-
-
140
-
-
85039218308
-
-
Gabel, supra note 1, at 1597
-
Gabel, supra note 1, at 1597.
-
-
-
-
141
-
-
85039174680
-
-
Id. at 1598
-
Id. at 1598.
-
-
-
-
142
-
-
85039209664
-
-
See also Tushnet, supra note 9, at 1382
-
See also Tushnet, supra note 9, at 1382.
-
-
-
-
143
-
-
85039200929
-
-
Moment in the conversation at which, according to Gabel, member/citizen is defeated
-
Moment in the conversation at which, according to Gabel, member/citizen is defeated.
-
-
-
-
144
-
-
85039195757
-
-
These were the main arguments advanced against the constitutionalization of justiciable socioeconomic rights in South Africa. See Davis, supra note 29;
-
These were the main arguments advanced against the constitutionalization of justiciable socioeconomic rights in South Africa. See Davis, supra note 29;
-
-
-
-
145
-
-
85039217232
-
-
SOUTH AFRICAN LAW COMMISSION, supra note 29;
-
SOUTH AFRICAN LAW COMMISSION, supra note 29;
-
-
-
-
148
-
-
85039199561
-
-
Paraphrased from § 27(1)(b) read with § 27(2) of the South African Constitution.
-
Paraphrased from § 27(1)(b) read with § 27(2) of the South African Constitution.
-
-
-
-
149
-
-
85039181883
-
-
Terms similar to that of findings and orders in Grootboom and Treatment Action Campaign.
-
Terms similar to that of findings and orders in Grootboom and Treatment Action Campaign.
-
-
-
-
150
-
-
85039225528
-
-
I am grateful to Paulette Caldwell for pointing out to me that the outcome of my three-act drama is influenced by the fact that I am setting the stage according to the directives provided by Gabel, rather than by someone who happens to be more optimistic of the transformative potential of rights discourse. However, I aim not so much to set the rights-victory up for failure (since I happen to believe that socioeconomic rights have significant transformative potential) but rather to better understand the empty victories that have already occurred in the theatre of the Constitutional Court. For this purpose, I believe Gabel's stage plan to be useful for re-enacting these empty victories since it highlights a weakness in the narrative that other stage plans (especially those more readily used in South Africa) often hide behind the furniture
-
I am grateful to Paulette Caldwell for pointing out to me that the outcome of my three-act drama is influenced by the fact that I am setting the stage according to the directives provided by Gabel, rather than by someone who happens to be more optimistic of the transformative potential of rights discourse. However, I aim not so much to set the rights-victory up for failure (since I happen to believe that socioeconomic rights have significant transformative potential) but rather to better understand the empty victories that have already occurred in the theatre of the Constitutional Court. For this purpose, I believe Gabel's stage plan to be useful for re-enacting these empty victories since it highlights a weakness in the narrative that other stage plans (especially those more readily used in South Africa) often hide behind the furniture.
-
-
-
-
151
-
-
85039229096
-
-
Williams, supra note 3, at 410
-
Williams, supra note 3, at 410.
-
-
-
-
152
-
-
85039232213
-
-
See Delgado, supra note 14, at 304-05;
-
See Delgado, supra note 14, at 304-05;
-
-
-
-
153
-
-
85039236434
-
-
Simon, supra note 11, at 1431;
-
Simon, supra note 11, at 1431;
-
-
-
-
154
-
-
85039178299
-
-
Williams, supra note 3, at 412-13;
-
Williams, supra note 3, at 412-13;
-
-
-
-
155
-
-
84868083022
-
-
note 14, at, and accompanying text
-
Woods, supra note 14, at 128 (and accompanying text).
-
supra
, pp. 128
-
-
Woods1
-
156
-
-
85039215571
-
-
As seemingly suggested by Gabel, supra note 1, at 1.598-99.
-
As seemingly suggested by Gabel, supra note 1, at 1.598-99.
-
-
-
-
157
-
-
85039202380
-
-
The notion of translation is also appropriated in this context by Danie Brand, Introduction to Socioeconomic Rights in the South African Constitution, in SOCIOECONOMIC RIGHTS IN SOUTH AFRICA 1, 12-8 (Danie Brand & Christ of Heyns eds., 2005).
-
The notion of "translation" is also appropriated in this context by Danie Brand, Introduction to Socioeconomic Rights in the South African Constitution, in SOCIOECONOMIC RIGHTS IN SOUTH AFRICA 1, 12-8 (Danie Brand & Christ of Heyns eds., 2005).
-
-
-
-
158
-
-
34548150568
-
Issues and Challenges in Addressing Poverty and Legal Rights: A Comparative United States/South African Analysis, 21 S. AFR
-
Lucy A. Williams, Issues and Challenges in Addressing Poverty and Legal Rights: A Comparative United States/South African Analysis, 21 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 436, 439 (2005).
-
(2005)
J. HUM. RTS
, vol.436
, pp. 439
-
-
Williams, L.A.1
-
159
-
-
85039201977
-
-
Id. at 455
-
Id. at 455.
-
-
-
-
160
-
-
85039211913
-
-
On legislative translation of socioeconomic rights in South Africa, see Brand, Introduction to Socioeconomic Rights, supra note 86, at 12-16.
-
On legislative translation of socioeconomic rights in South Africa, see Brand, Introduction to Socioeconomic Rights, supra note 86, at 12-16.
-
-
-
-
163
-
-
85039205763
-
-
See Williams, supra note 87, at 448-50
-
See Williams, supra note 87, at 448-50.
-
-
-
-
164
-
-
85039199193
-
-
On the importance and significance of bottom-up articulation of rights in overcoming the CLS challenges to rights discourse, see Mari J. Matsuda, Looking to the Bottom: Critical Legal Studies and Reparations, 22 HARV. C.R.-C.L.L. REV. 323 (1987).
-
On the importance and significance of "bottom-up" articulation of rights in overcoming the CLS challenges to rights discourse, see Mari J. Matsuda, Looking to the Bottom: Critical Legal Studies and Reparations, 22 HARV. C.R.-C.L.L. REV. 323 (1987).
-
-
-
-
165
-
-
85039191361
-
-
On the intentional and strategic inclusion of the experiences of socially vulnerable plaintiffs in documentation placed before the South African Constitutional Court in the Treatment Action Campaign case, see Heywood, supra note 23, at 147
-
On the intentional and strategic inclusion of the experiences of socially vulnerable plaintiffs in documentation placed before the South African Constitutional Court in the Treatment Action Campaign case, see Heywood, supra note 23, at 147.
-
-
-
-
166
-
-
85039210820
-
-
On the importance of focusing on the satisfaction of urgent and compelling needs as a litigation-strategy in socioeconomic rights matters, see further Geraldine van Bueren, Alleviating Poverty Through the Constitutional Court, 15 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 52, 62 1999
-
On the importance of focusing on the satisfaction of urgent and compelling needs as a litigation-strategy in socioeconomic rights matters, see further Geraldine van Bueren, Alleviating Poverty Through the Constitutional Court, 15 S. AFR. J. HUM. RTS. 52, 62 (1999).
-
-
-
-
167
-
-
85039176486
-
-
See Grootboom, supra note 38, ¶ 32;
-
See Grootboom, supra note 38, ¶ 32;
-
-
-
-
170
-
-
85039193928
-
-
See also VAN DER WALT, supra note 17, at 166
-
See also VAN DER WALT, supra note 17, at 166.
-
-
-
-
171
-
-
85039228038
-
-
Woods, supra note 14, at 120
-
Woods, supra note 14, at 120.
-
-
-
|