Adherence to β-blocker therapy under drug cost-sharing in patients with and without acute myocardial infarction

American Journal of Managed Care

Volumn 13, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 445-452

  Schneeweiss, Sebastian ^a,b   Patrick, Amanda R ^a   Maclure, Malcolm ^b,c   Dormuth, Colin R ^a,b,d   Glynn, Robert J ^a,b  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST; DIZZINESS; DRUG COST; ELDERLY CARE; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; EVALUATION; FATIGUE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH INSURANCE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNITED STATES;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BRITISH COLUMBIA; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; COMORBIDITY; COST SHARING; DEDUCTIBLES AND COINSURANCE; DIABETES COMPLICATIONS; FEMALE; HEALTH POLICY; HUMANS; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD LINKAGE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRESCRIPTION FEES; VASCULAR DISEASES;

EID: 34548119219     PISSN: 10880224     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Heffler S, Smith S, Keehan S, Clemens MK, Won G, Zezza M. Health spending projections through 2013. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004; Suppl Web Exclusives:W4-79-W4-93.
2. Strunk BC, Ginsburg PB. Tracking health care costs: trends turn downward in 2003. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004; Suppl Web Exclusives:W4-354-W4-362.
3. Hoadley J, Hargrave E, Cubanski J, Neuman T. An In-Depth Examination of Formularies and Other Features of Medicare Drug Plans. Washington, DC: The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation; April 2006.
4. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Medicare program; Medicare prescription drug benefit; proposed rule. August 2004. Available at: http://search.cms.hhs.gov/search?q=CMS4068P&btnG.x=21&btnG.y=6&site= default_collection&output=xml_no_dtd&client=my_frontend& proxystylesheet=my_frontend&oe=UTF-8. Accessed September 4, 2004.
5. Schneeweiss S, Walker AM, Glynn RJ, Maclure M, Dormuth C, Soumerai SB. Outcomes of reference pricing for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:822-829.
6. Grootendorst PV, Dolovich LR, O'Brien BJ, Holbrook AM, Levy AR. Impact of reference-based pricing of nitrates on the use and costs of anti-anginal drugs. CMAJ. 2001;165:1011-1019.
7. Schneeweiss S, Soumerai SB, Maclure M, Dormuth C, Walker AM, Glynn RJ. Clinical and economic consequences of reference pricing for dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003;74:388-400.
8. Marshall JK, Grootendorst PV, O'Brien BJ, Dolovich LR, Holbrook AM, Levy AR. Impact of reference-based pricing for histamine-2 receptor antagonists and restricted access for proton pump inhibitors in British Columbia. CMAJ. 2002;166:1655-1662.
9. Schneeweiss S, Maclure M, Carleton BC, Glynn RJ, Avorn J. Clinical and economic consequences of a formulary restriction of nebulized respiratory drugs in adults: direct comparison of randomized and observational evaluations. BMJ. 2004;328:560-564.
10. Schneeweiss S, Dormuth C, Grootendorst P, Soumerai S, Maclure M. Net health plan savings from reference drug pricing for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in elderly British Columbia residents. Med Care. 2004;42:653-660.
11. Schöffski O. Consequences of implementing a drug budget for office based physicians in Germany. Pharmacoeconomics. 1996; 10(suppl 2):37-47.
12. Soumerai SB, Ross-Degnan D, Avom J, McLaughlin T, Choodnovskiy I. Effects of Medicaid drug-payment limits on admission to hospitals and nursing homes. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1072-1077.
13. Motheral B, Fairman KA. Effect of a three-tier prescription copay on pharmaceutical and other medical utilization. Med Care. 2001;39: 1293-1304.
14. Huskamp HA, Deverka PA, Epstein AM, Epstein RS, McGuigan KA, Frank RG. The effect of incentive-based formularies on prescription-drug utilization and spending. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:2224-2232.
15. Gibbons RJ, Chatterjee K, Daley J, et al. ACC/AHA/ACP-ASI. Guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:2092-2197
16. Recommendations of the Second Joint Task Force of European and Other Societies on Coronary Prevention. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 1998;19:1434-1503.
17. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood pressure lowering drugs: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet. 2000;355:1955-1964.
18. Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Niskanen L, et al. Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353:611-616.
19. Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Ekbom T, et al. Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 Study. Lancet. 1999;354:1751-1756.
20. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type-2 diabetes: UKPDS-38 (UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group). BMJ. 1998;317:703-713.
21. Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction) ACC/AHA. Guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction American College of Cardiology. September 1999. Available at: http://www.acc.org.
22. Priori SG, Aliot E, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, et al. Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2001;22:1374-1450.
23. National Committee for Quality Assurance. Beta blocker treatment after heart attack. Available at: http://www.ncqa.org/somc2001/BETA_BL/ SOMC_2001_BBH.html. Accessed December 2, 2006.
24. Monane M, Bohn RL, Gurwitz JH, Glynn RJ, Levin R, Avorn J. The effects of initial drug choice and comorbidity on antihypertensive therapy compliance: results from a population-based study in the elderly. Am J Hypertens. 1997;10:697-704.
25. Chapman RH, Benner JS, Petrilla AA, et al. Predictors of adherence with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1147-1152.
26. Soumerai SB, McLaughlin TJ, Spiegelman D, et al. Adverse outcomes of underuse of beta-blockers in elderly survivors of acute myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1997;277:115-121.
27. Moeller JF, Miller GE, Banthin JS. Looking inside the nation's medicine cabinet: trends in outpatient drug spending by Medicare beneficiaries, 1997 and 2001. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004;23:217-225.
28. Marmot M. The influence of income on health: views of an epidemiologist. Health Aff (Millwood). 2002;21:31-46.
29. Deaton A. Policy implications of the gradient of health and wealth. Health Aff (Millwood). 2002;22:13-30.
30. British Columbia Ministry of Health. PharmaNet. Available at: http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/pharme/pharmanet/netindex.html. Accessed September 4, 2004.
31. Williams JI, Young W. Inventory of Studies on the Accuracy of Canadian Health Administrative Databases. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES); December 1996. Technical report.
32. Kiyota Y, Schneeweiss S, Glynn RJ, Cannuscio CC, Avom J, Solomon DH. The accuracy of Medicare claims-based diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: estimating positive predictive value based on review of hospital records. Am Heart J. 2004;148:99-104.
33. Steiner JF, Prochazka AV. The assessment of refill compliance using pharmacy records: methods, validity, and applications. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997;50:105-116.
34. Andrade SE, Kahler KH, Freeh F, Chan KA. Methods for evaluation of medication adherence and persistence using automated databases. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2006;15:565-574.
35. The Coronary Drug Project. Influence of adherence to treatment and response of cholesterol on mortality in the coronary drug project. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:1038-1041.
36. Benner JS, Glynn RJ, Mogun H, Neumann PJ, Weinstein MC, Avorn J. Long-term persistence in use of statin therapy in elderly patients. JAMA. 2002;288:455-461.
37. Dormuth CR, Glynn RJ, Neumann P, Maclure M, Brookhart A, Schneeweiss S. Impact of income-based deductibles with coinsurance compared to copay and full coverage policies on the utilization of inhaled medications by elderly patients with COPD or asthma. Clin Ther. 2006;28:964-978.
38. Warburton RN. Takeup of income-tested health-care premium subsidies: evidence and remedies for British Columbia. Can Tax J. 2005; 53:1-28.
39. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40:373-383.
40. Wagner AK, Soumerai SB, Zhang F, Ross-Degnan D. Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series studies in medication use research. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2002;27:299-309.
41. Liang K-Y, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika. 1986;73:13-22.
42. Fitzmaurice GM, Laird NM, Ware JH. Applied Longitudinal Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2004.
43. Yusuf S, Lessem J, Pet J, et al. Primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and strokes. An update of randomly allocated controlled trials. J Hypertens. 1993;11(suppl 4):S61-S73.
44. Freemantle N, Cleland J, Young P, Mason J, Harrison J. Beta blockade after myocardial infarction. Systematic review and meta regression analysis. BMJ. 1999;318:1730-1737.
45. Cook NR, Cohen J, Hebert PR, Taylor JO, Hennekens CH. Implications of small reductions in diastolic blood pressure for primary prevention. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:701-709.
46. Schneeweiss S, Patrick A, Maclure M, Dormuth C, Glynn RJ. Adherence to statin therapy under drug cost-sharing in patients with and without acute MI: a population-based natural experiment. Circulation. 2007;115:2128-2135.
47. Landsman PB, Yu W, Liu X, Teutsch SM, Berger ML. Impact of 3-tier pharmacy benefit design and increased consumer cost-sharing on drug utilization. Am J Manag Care. 2005;11:621-628.
48. Contoyannis P, Hurley J, Grootendorst P, Jeon SH, Tamblyn R. Estimating the price elasticity of expenditure for prescription drugs in the presence of non-linear price schedules: an illustration from Quebec, Canada. Health Econ. 2005;14:909-923.
49. Goldman DP, Joyce GF, Escarce JJ, et al. Pharmacy benefits and the use of drugs by the chronically ill. JAMA. 2004;291:2344-2350.
50. Soumerai SB, Ross-Degnan D, Fortess EE, Abelson J. A critical analysis of studies of state drug reimbursement policies: research in need of discipline. Milbank Q. 1993;71:217-252.
51. Schneeweiss S, Maclure M, Soumerai SB, Walker AM, Glynn RJ. Quasi-experimental longitudinal designs to evaluate drug benefit policy changes with low policy compliance. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002; 55:833-841.