Comparative evaluation of biomarkers of occupational exposure to toluene

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

Volumn 81, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 81-93

  Ukai, Hirohiko ^a   Kawai, Toshio ^b   Inoue, Osamu ^c   Maejima, Yuki ^d   Fukui, Yoshinari ^a   Ohashi, Fumiko ^a   Okamoto, Satoru ^a   Takada, Shiro ^a   Sakurai, Haruhiko ^b   Ikeda, Masayuki ^a  

^a KYOTO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION   (Japan)

^b JAPAN INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ASSOCIATION   (Japan)

^c TOHOKU ROSAI HOSPITAL   (Japan)

^d WAKAYAMA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Benzyl alcohol; Benzylmercapturic acid; Biomarkers; Hippuric acid; o Cresol; Occupational exposure; Organic solvents; Toluene; Urinalysis

Indexed keywords

2 BUTANONE; 2 CRESOL; ACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER; ACETYLCYSTEINE; BENZYL ACETYLCYSTEINE; BENZYL ALCOHOL; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; BUTYL ACETATE; CREATININE; CRESOL; HIPPURIC ACID; ORGANIC SOLVENT; TOLUENE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; XYLENE;

ADULT; AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; GEOMETRY; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INDUSTRIAL WORKER; JAPAN; JAPANESE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; URINALYSIS;

ADULT; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; HUMANS; INDUSTRY; JAPAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; TOLUENE;

EID: 34548089888     PISSN: 03400131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00420-007-0193-0     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. American Conference of Governmental Industiral Hygienists (2006) Documentation of TLVs and BEIs. ACGIH, Cincinnati
2. Angerer J, Krämer A (1997) Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents XVII. Ambient and biological monitoring of workers exposed to toluene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 69:91-96
3. Angerer J, Schildbach M, Krämer A (1998) S-p-Toluylmercapturic acid in the urine of workers exposed to toluene: A new biomarker for toluene exposure. Arch Toxicol 72:119-123
4. Buchwald H (1964) The expression of urine analysis results - Observations on the use of specific gravity correction. Ann Occup Hyg 7:125-136
5. Çok I, Dagdelen A, Gökçe E (2003) Determination of urinary hippuric acid and o-cresol levels as biological indicators of toluene exposure in shoe-workers and glue sniffers. Biomarkers 8:119-127
6. De Rosa E, Brugnone F, Bartolucci GB, Perbellini L, Bellomo ML, Gori GP, Sigon M, Corona PC (1985) The validity of urinary metabolites as indicators of low exposures to toluene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 56:135-145
7. De Rosa E, Bartolucci GB, Sigon M, Callegaro R, Perbellini L, Brugnone F (1987) Hippuric acid and ortho-cresol as biological indicators of occupational exposure to toluene. Am J Ind Med 11:529-537
8. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (2006) List of MAK and BAT values, 2006. Wiley-VCH, Weiheim
9. Hasegawa K, Shiojima S, Koizumi A, Ikeda M (1983) Hippuric acid and o-cresol in the urine of workers exposed to toluene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 52:197-208
10. Hirayama T, Ikeda M (1979) Applicability of activated carbon felt to the dosimetry of solvent vapor mixture. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 40:1091-1096
11. Ichihara K (1990) Comparison of two regression parameters. In: Statistics for bioscience (in Japanese). Nankodo, Tokyo, pp 218-223
12. Ikeda M (1996) Selected solvents. 4.6 Toluene. In: Mikheev MI (ed) Biological monitoring of chemical exposure in the workplace, vol 1, chap 4. World Health Organization, Geneva, pp 205-217
13. Ikeda M (1999) Solvents in urine as exposure markers. Toxicol Lett 108:99-106
14. Ikeda M, Ohtsuji H (1969) Significance of urinary hippuric acid determination as an index of toluene exposure. Br J Ind Med 26:244-246
15. Inoue O, Seiji K, Watanabe T, Kasahara M, Nakatsuka H, Yin S-N, Li G-L, Cai S-X, Jin C, Ikeda M (1986) Possible ethnic difference in toluene metabolism: A comparative study among Chinese, Turkish and Japanese solvent workers. Toxicol Lett 34:167-174
16. Inoue O, Seiji K, Watanabe T, Chen Z, Huang M-Y, Xu X-P, Qiao X, Ikeda M (1994) Effects of smoking and drinking habits on urinary o-cresol excretion after occupational exposure to toluene vapor among Chinese works. Am J Ind Med 25:697-708
17. Inoue O, Kanno E, Kudo S, Kakizaki M, Kataoka M, Kawai T, Ukai H, Ikeda M (1998) High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of toluene in urine as a marker of occupational exposure to toluene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 71:302-308
18. Inoue O, Kanno E, Yusa T, Kakizaki M, Ukai H, Okamoto S, Higashikawa K, Ikeda M (2002) Urinary benzylmercapturic acid as a marker of occupational exposure to toluene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 75: 341-347
19. Inoue O, Kanno E, Kasai K, Ukai H, Okamoto S, Ikeda M (2004) Benzylmercapturic acid is superior to hippuric acid and o-cresol as a urinary marker of occupational exposure to toluene. Toxicol Lett 147:177-186
20. Jackson S (1966) Creatinine in urine as an index of urinary excretion rate. Health Phys 12:341-350
21. Japan Society for Occupational Health (2006) Recommendation of occupational exposure limits (2006-2007). Jpn J Ind Health 48:290-306
22. Kawai T, Yasugi T, Mizunuma K, Horiguchi S, Ikeda M (1992a) Urinalysis vs. blood analysis, as a tool for biological monitoring of solvent exposure. Toxicol Lett 63:333-343
23. Kawai T, Yasugi T, Mizunuma K, Horiguchi S, Iguchi H, Uchida Y, Iwami O, Ikeda M (1992b) Comparative evaluation of urinalysis and blood analysis as means of detecting exposure to organic solvents at low concentrations. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 64:223-234
24. Kawai T, Mizunuma K, Okada Y, Horiguchi S, Ikeda M (1996) Toluene itself as the best urinary marker of toluene exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 68:289-297
25. Kawai T, Yamauchi T, Miyama Y, Sakurai H, Ukai H, Takada S, Ohashi F, Ikeda M (2007) Benzyl alcohol as a marker of occupational exposure to toluene. Ind Health 95:143-150
26. Lauwerys R (1983) Toluene. In: Alessio L, Berlin A, Roi R, Boni M (eds) Human biological monitoring of industrial chemicals, vol 1. Joint Reserch Centre Ispra Establishment, CEC, pp 159-175
27. Levine L, Fahy JP (1945) Evaluation of urinary lead concentrations. I. The significance of the specific gravity. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 27:217-223
28. 8 -toluene. Br J Ind Med 50:55-59
29. Maestri L, Ghittori S, Imbriani M (1997) Determination of specific mercapturic acids as an index of exposure to environmental benzene, toluene, and styrene. Ind Health 35:489-501
30. Michitsuji H, Ohara A, Yamaguchi K, Fujiki Y (1987) Effect of intake of refreshments in excretion of hippuric acid in urine (in Japanese with English abstract). Matsushita Med J 26:105-116
31. Moon C-S, Lee J-T, Chun J-H, Ikeda M (2001) Use of solvents in industries in Korea; experience in Sinpyeong-Jangrim industrial complex. Int Arch Occup Envion Health 74:148-152
32. Nise G (1992) Urinary excretion of o-cresol and hippuric acid after toluene exposure in rotogravure printing. Int Arch Occup Envion Health 63:377-381
33. Ogata M, Taguchi T (1987) Quantitation of urinary metabolites of toluene, xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene, benzene and phenol by automated high performance liquid chromatography. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 59:263-272
34. Ong CN (1999) Reference values and action levels of biological monitoring in occupational exposure. Toxicol Lett 108:127-135
35. Pierce CH, Dills RL, Morgan MS, Vicini P, Kalman DA (1998) Biological monitoring of controlled toluene exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 71:433-444
36. Pierce CH, Chen Y, Dills RL, Kalman DA, Morgen MS (2002) Toluene metabolites as biological indicators of exposure. Toxicol Lett 129:65-67
37. Pierce CH, Chen Y, Hurtle WR, Morgan MS (2004) Exponential modeling, washout curve reconstruction, and estimation of half-life of toluene and its metabolites. J Toxicol Environ Health A67:1131-1158
38. Rainsford SG, Lloyd Davies TA (1965) Urinary excretion of phenol by men exposed to benzene; a screening test. Br J Ind Med 22:21-26
39. Samoto H, Fukui Y, Ukai H, Okamoto S, Takada S, Ohashi F, Moriguchi J, Ezaki T, Ikeda M. (2006) Field survey on types of organic solvents used in enterprises of various sizes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 79:558-567
40. Siqueira ME, Paiva MJ (2002) Hippuric acid in urine: Reference values. Rev Saúde Pública 36:723-727
41. Skender L, BrčićI, Karačić V (2004) Urine analysis for the evaluation of environmental exposures to aromatic hydrocarbons. Arch Environ Health 59:237-244
42. Sugita M, Aikawa H, Suzuki K, Yamasaki T, Minowa H, Etoh R, Kasuga H (1988) Urinary hippuric acid excretion in everyday life. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 13:185-190
43. Takeuchi A, Kawai T, Zhang Z-W, Miyama Y, Sakamoto K, Higashikawa K, Ikeda M (2002) Toluene, xylenes and xylene isomers in urine as biological indicators of low-level exposure to each solvent; a comparative study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 75:387-393
44. Truchon G, Tardif R, Brodeur J (1999) o-Cresol: A good indicator of exposure to low levels of toluene. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 14:677-681
45. Ukai H, Inui S, Takada S, Dendo J, Ogawa J, Isobe K, Ashida T, Tamura M, Tabuki K, Ikeda M (1997) Types of organic solvents used in small- to medium-scale industries in Japan: A nation-wide field survey. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 70:385-592
46. Villanueva MB, Jonai H, Kanno S, Takeuchi Y (1994) Dietary sources and background levels of hippuric acid in urine; comparison of Philippine and Japanese levels. Ind Health 32:339-346
47. Yasugi T, Kawai T, Mizunuma K, Kishi R, Harabuchi I, Yuasa J, Eguchi T, Sugimoto R, Seiji K, Ikeda M (1994) Exposure monitoring and health effect studies of workers occupationally exposed to cyclohexane vapor. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 65:343-350
48. Yasugi T, Endo G, Monna T, Odachi T, Yamaoka K, Kawai T, Horiguchi S, Ikeda M (1998) Types of organic solvents used in workplaces and work environment conditions with special references to reproducibility of work environment classification. Ind Health 36:223-233