Correspondence: Does terrorism ever work? The 2004 madrid train bombings [1]

International Security

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 185-189

  Rose, William ^a,c   Murphy, Rysia ^c   Abrahms, Max ^b  

^a The Holleran Center for Community Action and Public Policy

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34548069668     PISSN: 01622889     EISSN: 15314804     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/isec.2007.32.1.185     Document Type: Letter

References (17)

1. Max Abrahms, "Why Terrorism Does Not Work," International Security, Vol. 31, No. 2 (Fall 2006), pp. 42-78.
2. For a more extensive treatment of this case study, see http://www.conncoll.edu/academics/web_profiles/rose-murphy_long_IS_letter.pdf.
3. Raj S.Chari, "The 2004 Spanish Election: Terrorism as a Catalyst for Change?" West European Politics, Vol. 27, No. 5 (November 2004), p. 954.
4. Javier Jordán and Nicola Horsburgh, "Spain and Islamism: Analysis of the Threat and Response 1995-2005," Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 11, No. 2 (July 2006), pp. 209-229;
5. and Gordon Corera, "The Legacy of the Madrid Bombings," BBC News, February 14, 2007.
6. Javier Jordán and Robert Wesley, "The Madrid Attacks: Results of Investigations Two Years Later," Terrorism Monitor, Vol. 4, No. 5 (March 9, 2006), pp. 1-4.
7. See Brynjar Lia and Thomas Hegghammer, "Jihad Strategic Studies: The Alleged Al Qaida Policy Study Preceding the Madrid Bombings," Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 27, No. 5 (September-October 2004), pp. 368-371.
8. Abrahms writes, "A terrorist group is said to have limited objectives when its demands are over territory. Specifically, the group is fighting to either (1) evict a foreign military from occupying another country, or (2) win control over a piece of territory for the purpose of national self-determination." Abrahms, "Why Terrorism Does Not Work," p. 53.
9. Quotations from two newspapers can be found in Jose A. Olmeda, "Fear or Falsehood? Framing the 3/11 Terrorist Attacks in Madrid and Electoral Accountability," Defense and Security Working Paper, No. 24 (Madrid: Real Instituto Elcano, May 5, 2005), p. 25.
10. Charles Powell, "Did Terrorism Sway Spain's Election?" Current History, November 2004, p. 380.
11. Chari, "The 2004 Spanish Election," pp. 957-958.
12. Powell, "Did Terrorism Sway Spain's Election?" pp. 379, 381.
13. Narciso Michavila, "War, Terror and Elections: Electoral Impact of the Islamist Terror Attacks on Madrid," Public Opinion Working Paper, No. 13 (Madrid: Real Instituto Elcano April 6, 2005), p. 31.
14. Olmeda, "Fear or Falsehood?" pp. 3-4.
15. Narciso Michavila calls this circumstance the "dual news manipulation hypothesis." Michavila, "War, Terrorism, and Elections," pp. 20-22.
16. Javier Jordán and Nicola Horsburgh are concerned about the partisan politics that this factor revealed, whereby the two parties were "playing politics with terrorism." Jordán and Horsburgh, "Politics and Terrorism: The Madrid Attacks Case," in George Kassimeris, ed., Playing Politics with Terrorism: A User's Guide (London: Hurst, 2007), p. 2.
17. For an elaboration of these negative events, see Chari, "The Spanish 2004 Election," pp. 954955.