The atmospheric radiation measurement program cloud profiling radars: Second-generation sampling strategies, processing, and cloud data products

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

Volumn 24, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 1199-1214

  Kollias, Pavlos ^a,b   Clothiaux, Eugene E ^c   Miller, Mark A ^a   Luke, Edward P ^a   Johnson, Karen L ^a   Moran, Kenneth P ^d   Widener, Kevin B ^e   Albrecht, Bruce A ^f  

^a BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^e PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; CLIMATOLOGY; CLOUDS; DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; ESTIMATION; RADAR CLUTTER;

CLOUD RADAR; DOPPLER MOMENTS; DOPPLER SPECTRA;

METEOROLOGICAL RADAR;

ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; CLIMATOLOGY; CLOUDS; DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; ESTIMATION; METEOROLOGICAL RADAR; RADAR CLUTTER;

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; ALGORITHM; CLOUD RADIATIVE FORCING; DATA PROCESSING; DOPPLER RADAR; ESTIMATION METHOD; IMAGE RESOLUTION; MEASUREMENT METHOD; SIGNAL PROCESSING;

HEXAPODA;

EID: 34548019035     PISSN: 07390572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JTECH2033.1     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Ackerman, T. P., and G. Stokes, 2003: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. Phys. Today, 56, 38-45.
2. Albrecht, B. A., and P. Kollias, 1999: Observations of tropical cloud systems with a mm-wavelength cloud radar - An overview. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Montreal, QC, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 454-456.
3. Barber, N. F., 1947: Narrow band-pass filter using modulation. Wireless Eng., 24, 132-134.
4. Clothiaux, E. E., R. S. Penc, D. W. Thomson, T. P. Ackerman, and S. R. Williams, 1994: A first-guess feature-based algorithm for estimating wind speed in clear-air Doppler radar spectra. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 888-908.
5. Clothiaux, E. E., M. A. Miller, B. A. Albrecht, T. P. Ackerman, J. Verlinde, D. M. Babb, R. M. Peters, and W. J. Syrett, 1995: An evaluation of a 94-GHz radar for remote sensing of cloud properties. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 201-229.
6. Clothiaux, E. E., and Coauthors, 1999: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program cloud radars: Operational modes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 819-827.
7. Clothiaux, E. E., T. P. Ackerman, G. G. Mace, K. P. Moran, R. T. Marchand, M. A. Miller, and B. E. Martner, 2000: Objective determination of cloud heights and radar reflectivities using a combination of active remote sensors at the ARM CART sites. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 645-665.
8. Doviak, R. J., and D. S. Zrnic, 1993: Doppler Radar and Weather Observations. 2d ed. Academic Press, 592 pp.
9. Firda, J. M., S. M. Sekelsky, and R. E. McIntosh, 1999: Application of dual-frequency millimeter-wave Doppler spectra for the retrieval of drop size distributions and vertical air motion in rain. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 216-236.
10. Gossard, E. E., J. B. Snider, E. E. Clothiaux, B. Martner, J. S. Gibson, R. A. Kropfli, and A. S. Frisch, 1997: The potential of 8-mm radars for remotely sensing cloud drop size distributions. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 76-87.
11. Hildebrand, P. H., and R. S. Sekhon, 1974: Objective determination of the noise level in Doppler spectra. J. Appl. Meteor., 13, 808-811.
12. Jameson, A. R., 1987: Relations among linear and circular polarization parameters measured in canted hydrometeors. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 634-645.
13. Kato, S., G. G. Mace, E. E. Clothiaux, J. C. Liljegren, and R. T. Austin, 2001: Doppler cloud radar derived drop size distribution in liquid water stratus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2895-2911.
14. Kollias, P., B. A. Albrecht, R. Lhermitte, and A. Savtchenko, 2001: Radar observations of updrafts, downdrafts, and turbulence in fair-weather cumuli. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1750-1766.
15. Kollias, P., B. A. Albrecht, and F. Marks Jr., 2002: Why Mie? Accurate observations of vertical air velocities and raindrops using a cloud radar. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1471-1483.
16. Kollias, P., B. A. Albrecht, and F. Marks Jr., 2003: Cloud radar observations of vertical drafts and microphysics in convective rain. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4053, doi:10.1029/2001JD002033.
17. Kollias, P., E. E. Clothiaux, B. A. Albrecht, M. A. Miller, K. P. Moran, and K. L. Johnson, 2005: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program cloud profiling radars. An evaluation of signal processing and sampling strategies. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 930-948.
18. Kollias, P., E. Luke, M. Miller, and B. A. Albrecht, 2006: Radar Doppler spectra recording at the ARM sites: An insight to cloud microphysics and turbulence. Proc. Fourth European Conf. on Radar Meteorology and Hydrology, Barcelona, Spain, Copernicus Online Service and Information System (COSIS), 233-235.
19. Lhermitte, R., 1988: Observations of rain at vertical incidence with a 94 GHz Doppler radar: An insight of Mie scattering. Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1125-1128.
20. Luke, E., P. Kollias, and K. L. Johnson, 2006: A method for the automatic detection of insect clutter in Doppler-radar returns. Proc. Seventh Int. Symp. on Tropospheric Profiling, Boulder, CO, NCAR, 431-432.
21. Matrosov, S. Y., R. F. Reinking, R. A. Kropfli, and B. W. Bartram, 1996: Estimation of ice hydrometeor types and shapes from radar polarization measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 13, 85-96.
22. Mead, J., and K. Widener, 2005: W-band ARM cloud radar system. Proc. 2005 ARM Science Meeting, Daytona Beach, FL, U.S. Dept. of Energy.
23. Moran, K. P., B. E. Martner, M. J. Post, R. A. Kropfli, D. C. Welshand, and K. B. Widener, 1998: An unattended cloud-profiling radar for use in climate research. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 443-455.
24. O'Connor, E. J., R. J. Hogan, and A. J. Illingworth, 2005: Retrieving stratocumulus drizzle parameters using Doppler radar and lidar. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 14-27.
25. Sato, T., H. Doji, H. Iwai, I. Kimura, S. Fukao, M. Yamamoto, T. Tsuda, and S. Kato, 1990: Computer processing for deriving drop-size distributions and vertical air velocities from VHF Doppler radar spectra. Radio Sci., 25, 961-973.
26. Schmidt, G., R. Ruster, and P. Czechowsky, 1979: Complementary code and digital filtering for detection of weak VHF radar signals from the mesosphere. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron., 17, 154-161.
27. Shupe, M. D., P. Kollias, S. Y. Matrosov, and T. L. Schneider, 2004: Deriving mixed-phase cloud properties from Doppler radar spectra. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21, 660-670.
28. Sirmans, D., and B. Bumgarner, 1975: Numerical comparison of five mean frequency estimators. J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 991-1003.
29. Stokes, G. M., and S. E. Schwartz, 1994: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: Programmatic background and design of the Cloud and Radiation Test Bed. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1201-1221.
30. Uttal, T., L. I. Church, B. E. Martner, and J. S. Gibson, 1993: CLDSTATS: A cloud boundary detection algorithm for vertically pointing radar data. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL WPL-233, 28 pp. [Available from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161.]
31. Wakasugi, K., and S. Fukao, 1985: Sidelobe properties of a complementary code used in MST radar observations. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., GE-23, 57-59.
32. Widener, K. B., K. P. Moran, K. A. Clark, C. Chanders, M. A. Miller, M. A. K. L. Johnson, and A. S. Koontz, 2004: MMCR upgrades: Present status and future plans. Proc. 2004 ARM Science Meeting, Albuquerque, NM, U.S. Dept. of Energy.