Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Factors: How Can We Improve Outcomes in the High-Risk Patient?

American Journal of Medicine

Volumn 120, Issue 9 SUPPL. 1, 2007, Pages

  Grundy, Scott M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; Framingham risk score; Lipid lowering therapy; Metabolic syndrome; Primary prevention; Secondary prevention

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; METFORMIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; TROGLITAZONE;

ARTICLE; ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; BLEEDING; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIETARY INTAKE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; DYSLIPIDEMIA; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEART INFARCTION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; METABOLIC DISORDER; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PATIENT EDUCATION; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING CESSATION; STROKE; THROMBOSIS; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ADULT; ALGORITHMS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD GLUCOSE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; OUTCOME AND PROCESS ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PATIENT SELECTION; PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS; PREVENTIVE MEDICINE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR;

EID: 34548016755     PISSN: 00029343     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.06.005     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 285 (2001) 2486-2497
2. Grundy S.M., Brewer H.B., Cleeman J.I., Smith S.C., Lenfant C., and Conference Participants. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 109 (2004) 433-438
3. Smith Jr. S.C., Allen J., Blair S.N., et al. AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. [published correction appears in Circulation. 2006;113:e847]. Circulation 113 (2006) 2363-2372
4. Grundy S.M. Diabetes and coronary risk equivalency: what does it mean?. Diabetes Care 29 (2006) 457-460
5. Grundy S.M. Metabolic syndrome: connecting and reconciling cardiovascular and diabetes worlds. J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (2006) 1093-1100
6. Grundy S.M. Hypertriglyceridemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 81 suppl 4A (1998) 18B-25B
7. Grundy S.M., Cleeman J.I., Daniels S.R., et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. [published correction appears in Circulation. 2005;112:e297-e298]. Circulation 112 (2005) 2735-2752
8. Shepherd J., Barter P., Carmena R., et al., Treating to New Targets Investigators. Effect of lowering LDL cholesterol substantially below currently recommended levels inpatients with coronary heart disease and diabetes: the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study. Diabetes Care 29 (2006) 1220-1226
9. LaRosa J.C., Grundy S.M., Waters D.D., et al., Treating to New Targets (TNT) Investigators. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 352 (2005) 1425-1435
10. Deedwania P., Barter P., Carmena R., et al. Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: analysis of the Treating to New Targets study. Lancet 368 (2006) 919-928
11. Grundy S.M., Cleeman J.I., Merz C.N., et al., National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the American College of Cardiology Foundation, and the American Heart Association. Implications of recent trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation 110 (2004) 227-239
12. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. [published correction appears in BMJ 2002;324:141]. BMJ 324 (2002) 71-86
13. He J., and Whelton P.K. Elevated systolic blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular and renal disease: overview of evidence from observational epidemiologic studies and randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J 138 pt 2 (1999) 211-219
14. Stamler J., Stamler R., and Neaton J.D. Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic and cardiovascular risks: US population data. Arch Intern Med 153 (1993) 598-615
15. Klag M.J., Whelton P.K., Randall B.L., et al. Blood pressure and end-stage renal disease in men. N Engl J Med 334 (1996) 13-18
16. Hu F.B., Stampfer M.J., Haffner S.M., Solomon C.G., Willett W.C., and Manson J.E. Elevated risk of cardiovascular disease prior to clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 25 (2002) 1129-1134
17. Knowler W.C., Barrett-Connor E., Fowler S.E., et al., Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346 (2002) 393-403
18. Knowler W.C., Hamman R.F., Edelstein S.L., et al., Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Prevention of type 2 diabetes with troglitazone in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes 54 (2005) 1150-1156