Editorial: Twenty-five years of the law of the sea convention, 1982-2007

International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 1-5

  Freestone, David ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 34547929312     PISSN: 09273522     EISSN: 15718085     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/157180807781475281     Document Type: Editorial

References (32)

1. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 10 December 1982 (hereinafter LOSC) (1833 UNTS 396). See for example the VI Volume United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982: A Commentary. Myron Nordquist, ed., with volume editors including Satya Nandan, Shabtai Rosenne and Louis B Sohn. Martinus Nijhoff, 1985-.
2. On the "package deal" see the famous closing statement by the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) President T. Koh, reproduced in The Law of the Sea: Official Text of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1983) UN Publications, NY. p. xxxiv.
3. See also Barry Buzan, "Negotiating by Consensus: Developments in Techniques at the United National Conference on the Law of the Sea" (1981) 75 American Journal of International Law (AJIL ) 324
4. and E.D. Brown (1984) 2 Journal of Environment and Natural Resources Law (JENRL) 258.
5. Ibid.
6. This number does not yet include the United States, although we are told the issue is being revisited yet again.
7. Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks of 4 August 1995. (1995) 34 ILM 1542.
8. See e.g., Art. 211.
9. E.g., Art. 65. For the negotiating history of these provisions and an interesting early analysis of the impact of the Convention regime on existing organisations, see J.D. Kingham and D.M. McRae, "Competent International Organizations and the Law of the Sea" (1979) Marine Policy 106-132.
10. See also Edward Miles, "On the Roles of International Organizations in the New Ocean Regime" in Park (ed) Law of the Sea in the 1980s: Proceedings of the Law of the Sea Institute (1983) 383-445;
11. Tullio Treves, "The Role of Universal International Organisations in Implementing the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention" in A.H.A. Soons (ed) Implementation of the Law of the Sea Convention through International Institutions: Proceedings of the Law of the Sea Institute (1990) 16-37. For the definitive list of organizations and relative competences under the Convention see (1996) 31, UN Law of the Sea Bulletin 79-95.
12. Bernard Oxman, "Tools for Change: the amendment procedure" in Proceedings of the Twentieth Anniversary Commemoration of the Opening for signature of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, New York 9 and 10 December, 2002. United Nations 2003, pp. 195-207. He cites IMO rules on control of marine pollution and ICAO rules on transit passage of straits and archipelagic sea-lane passage by civil aircraft, at p. 201.
13. Annex VI, Art 16.
14. Art 145.
15. See e.g. Art 118 on the co-operation of states in the conservation and management of living resources of the high seas; see also Art 119(2) which requires that "data relevant to the conservation of fish stocks shall be contributed and exchanged on a regular basis through competent international organizations, whether subregional, regional or global, where appropriate...".
16. Vaughan Lowe, "Foreword" to The Law of the Sea: Progress and Prospects, (David Free-stone, Richard Barnes and David Ong, eds.) Oxford, 2006, p. v.
17. To be found in Articles 115, 311(3), (4) and (6), and 312-316. See further David Freestone and Alex G. Oude Elferink, "Flexibility and Innovation in the Law of the Sea: Will the LOS Convention Amendment Procedures ever be used?" op. cit., in Stability and Change in the Law of the Sea: The Role of the LOS Convention (Alex G. Oude Elferink, Ed.) Martinus Nijhoff, 2005, pp 163-216, particularly 173-183.
18. See further David Freestone, "The Role of the World Bank and the Global Environment Facility in the Implementation of the Regime of the Law of the Sea Convention" in The Law of the Sea: Progress and Prospects (David Freestone, Richard Barnes and David Ong, eds.) Oxford, June 2006, pp. 308-326.
19. Ibid., p. 325.
20. J.H.W. Verzijl, International Law in Historical Perspective; Part IV Stateless Domain, Sijthoff, Leiden 1971 at p. 154 (cited Anderson, below)
21. David H. Anderson, "Commentary" in Alex G. Oude Elferink (ed), Stability and Change in the Law of the Sea: the Role of the LOS Convention, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden, 2005, at p. 223.
22. The Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone Convention, 516 UNTS 205;
23. 1958 52 AJIL 834, entered into force in 1964 and has 52 parties;
24. the High Seas Convention, 450 UNTS 11;
25. 1958 52 AJIL 842, entered into force in 1962, and has 63 parties;
26. the Continental Shelf Convention, 499 UNTS 311;
27. 1958 52 AJIL 858 entered into force 1964 and has 58 parties;
28. and the Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources on the High Seas Convention, 559 UNTS 285;
29. 1958 52 AJIL 851 entered into force in 1966 and has 38 parties. The Optional Protocol on the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes, 450 UNTS 169;
30. 1958 52 AJIL 862 entered into force in 1962 and has 38 parties.
31. http://untreaty.un.org/ENGLISH/bible/englishinternetbible/partI/ chapterXXI/treaty6.asp
32. Op cit, above.