Are differences in calcium antagonists relevant across all stages of nephropathy or only proteinuric nephropathy?

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension

Volumn 16, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 422-426

  Segura, Julián ^a   García Donaire, José A ^a   Ruilope, Luis M ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO 12 DE OCTUBRE   (Spain)

Author keywords

Calcium antagonists; Essential hypertension; Glomerular filtration rate; Proteinuria; Renal function

Indexed keywords

AMILORIDE PLUS HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ATENOLOL; BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; CALCIUM CHANNEL L TYPE; CHLORTALIDONE; DIHYDROPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; DILTIAZEM; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; ENALAPRIL; LISINOPRIL; NIFEDIPINE; NISOLDIPINE; NITRENDIPINE; PERINDOPRIL; TRANDOLAPRIL; VERAPAMIL;

ALBUMINURIA; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTERIOLE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY FUNCTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEINURIA; RENAL PROTECTION; REVIEW;

ALBUMINURIA; ANGIOTENSINS; ANIMALS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CALCIUM; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; CLINICAL TRIALS; DIHYDROPYRIDINES; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; HUMANS; KIDNEY; KIDNEY DISEASES; PROTEINURIA;

EID: 34547921666     PISSN: 10624821     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e328285dfc4     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. García-Donaire JA, Segura J, Ruilope LM. Clinical trials in nephrology: sucess or failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2007; 16:59-63.
2. Coresh J, Astor BC, Greene T, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney functioin in the adult US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 41:1-12.
3. Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC, et al. American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 2003; 108:2154-2169.
4. Ruilope LM, van Veldhuisen DJ, Ritz E, Luscher TF. Renal function: the cinderella of cardiovascular risk profile. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38: 1782-1787.
5. Eknoyan G, Hostetter T, Bakris GL, et al. Proteinuria and other markers of chronic kidney disease: a position statement of the national kidney foundation (NKF) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 42:617-622.
6. Lea J, Greene T, Hebert L, et al. The relationship between magnitude of proteinuria reduction and risk of end-stage renal disease: results of the African American study of kidney disease and hypertension. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165:947-953.
7. Mason RP, Marche P, Hintze TH. Novel vascular biology of third-generation L-type calcium channel antagonists: ancillary actions of amlodipine. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003; 23:2155-2163.
8. Hayashi K, Wakino S, Sugano N, et al. Ca2+ channel subtypes and pharmacology in the kidney. Circ Res 2007; 100:342-353. A very complete review about relevance of calcium channel subtypes in the kidney.
9. Griffin KA, Picken MM, Bakris GL, Bidani AK. Class differences in the effects of calcium channel blockers in the rat remnant kidney model. Kidney Int 1999; 55:1849-1860.
10. Brown SA, Walton CL, Crawford P, Bakris G. Long-term effects of antihypertensive regimens on renal hemodynamics and proteinuria. Kidney Int 1993; 43:1210-1218.
11. Honda M, Hayashi K, Matsuda H, et al. Divergent renal vasodilator action of L- and T-type calcium antagonists in vivo. J Hypertens 2001; 19:2031-2037.
12. Toto RD. Management of hypertensive chronic kidney disease: role of calcium channel blockers. J Clin Hypertens 2005; 7 (4 Suppl 1):15-20.
13. Pires SLS, Barres C, Sassard J, et al. Renal blood flow dynamics and arterial pressure lability in the conscious rat. Hypertension 2001; 38:147-152.
14. Griffin KA, Hacioglu R, Abu-Amarah I, et al. Effects of calcium channel blockers on 'dynamic' and 'steady-state step' renal autoregulation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 286:F1136-F1143.
15. Tarif N, Bakris GL. Preservation of renal function: the spectrum of effects by calcium-channel blockers. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997; 12:2244-2250.
16. Lory P, Bidaud I, Chemin J. T-type calcium channels in differentiation and proliferation. Cell Calcium 2006; 40:135-146.
17. Hollenbeck ST, Nelson PR, Yamamura S, et al. Intracellular calcium transients are necessary for platelet-derived growth factor but not extracellular matrix protein-induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration. J Vasc Surg 2004; 40:351-358.
18. Menne J, Park JK, Agrawal R, et al. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of tissue protection by lipophilic calcium channel blockers. FASEB J 2006; 20:994-996. This paper reports that lercanidipine prevents tissue injury and improves survival in a model of progressive organ damage.
19. Bkaily G, Sculptoreanu A, Wang S, et al. Angiotensin II-induced increase of T-type Ca2+ current and decrease of L-type Ca2+ current in heart cells. Peptides 2005; 26:1410-1417.
20. Nishikimi T, Matsuoka H. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of chronic renal injury: renoprotective effect of Rho-kinase inhibitor in hypertensive glomerulosclerosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 100:22-28.
21. Ruperez M, Sanchez-Lopez E, Blanco-Colio LM, et al. The Rho-kinase pathway regulates angiotensin II-induced renal damage. Kidney Int Suppl 2005; 99:S39-S45.
22. Joles JA, Koomans HA. Causes and consequences of increased sympathetic activity in renal disease. Hypertension 2004; 43:699-706.
23. Toba H, Nakagawa Y, Miki S, et al. Calcium channel blockades exhibit antiinflammatory and antioxidative effects by augmentation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme in the N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertensive rat aorta: vasoprotective effects beyond the blood pressure-lowering effects of amlodipine and manidipine. Hypertens Res 2005; 28:689-700.
24. Feng MG, Navar LG. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition activates L- and T-type Ca2+ channels in afferent and efferent arterioles. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 290:F873-F879. This paper describes mechanisms relating endothelial dysfunction and hypertension with an increased postglomerular resistance.
25. Yoshii T, Iwai M, Li Z, et al. Regression of atherosclerosis by amlodipine via anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress actions. Hypertens Res 2006; 29:457-466.
26. Brown MJ, Palmer CR, Castaigne A, et al. Morbidity and mortality in patients randomised to double-blind treatment with a long-acting calcium-channel blocker or diuretic in the International Nifedipine GITS study: Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment (INSIGHT). Lancet 2000; 356:366-372.
27. de Leeuw PW, Ruilope LM, Palmer CR, et al. Clinical significance of renal function in hypertensive patients at high risk: results from the INSIGHT trial. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164:2459-2464.
28. The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker versus diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288:2981-2997.
29. Rahman M, Pressel S, Davis BR, et al., for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Renal outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or a calcium channel blocker vs a diuretic. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165:936-946.
30. Dahlöf B, Sever PS, Poulter NR, et al., for the ASCOT investigators. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366:895-906.
31. Sarafidis PA, Khosla N, Bakris GL. Antihypertensive therapy in the presence of proteinuria. Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 49:12-26. This article reviews the available evidence about the benefits of antihypertensive therapy on urinary albumin excretion.
32. Marin R, Ruilope LM, Aljama P, et al. A random comparison of fosinopril and nifedipine GITS in patients with primary renal disease. J Hypertens 2001; 19:1871-1876.
33. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, et al. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:851-860.
34. Wright JT, Bakris GL, Greene T, et al. Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial. JAMA 2002; 288:2421-2431.
35. Voyaki SM, Staessen JA, Thijs L, et al. Follow-up of renal function in treated and untreated older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. J Hypertens 2001; 19:511-519.
36. Casas JP, Chua W, Loukogeorgakis S, et al. Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2005; 366:2026-2033.
37. Schier RW, Estacio R, Esler A, et al. Effects of agressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria retinopathy and strokes. Kidney Int 2002; 61:1086-1097.
38. Romero JC, Ruilope LM, Bontley MD, et al. Comparison of the effects of calcium antagonist and converting enzyme inhibitor on renal function under normal and hypertensive conditions. Am J Cardiol 1988; 62:59G-68G.
39. Chobanian A, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 Report. JAMA 2003; 289:2560-2572.
40. Guidelines Committee. 2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2003; 21:1011-1053.
41. De Nicola L, Minutolo R, Chiodini P, et al. Global approach to cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: reality and opportunities for intervention. Kidney Int 2006; 69:538-545. This paper evaluates the prevalence and treatment of eight modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in predialysis CKD patients, showing that the treatment of hypertension is largely inadequate.
42. Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Ganeva M, et al. Impact of blood pressure control and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy on new-onset microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the BENEDICT trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:3472-3481. In this paper, the authors recognize the relative influence of verapamil in preventing the development of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.
43. Jafar TH, Stark PC, Schmid CH, et al., AIPRD Study group. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and progression of renal disease: proteinuria as a modifiable risk factor for the progression of nondiabetic renal disease. Kidney Int 2001; 60:1131-1140.
44. Kloke HJ, Branten AJ, Huysmans FT, et al. Antihypertensive treatment of patients with proteinuric renal diseases: risk or benefits of calcium channel blockers? Kidney Int 1998; 53:1559-1573.
45. Boero R, Rollino C, Massara C, et al. The Verapamil Versus Amlodipine in Nondiabetic Nephropathies Treated with Trandolapril (VVANNTT) study. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 42:67-75.
46. Bakoush O, Torffvit O, Rippe B, et al. High proteinuria selectivity index based upon IgM is a strong predictor of poor renal survival in glomerular diseases. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16:1357-1363.
47. Liu FY, Li Y, Peng YM, et al. Relation between clinical predictors and tubulointerstitial damage in adult-onset primary nephrotic syndrome. Arch Med Res 2006; 37:981-986.
48. So WY, Kong APS, Ma RCW, et al. Glomerular filtration rate, cardiorenal end points, and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:2046-2052. This paper is concordant with the huge amount of evidence about the relationship between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
49. Peterson JC, Adler S, Burkart JM, et al. Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease: the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123:754-762.
50. Bakris GL, Weir MR, Secic M, et al. Differential effects of calcium antagonist subclasses on markers of nephropathy progression. Kidney Int 2004; 65:1991-2002.
51. The PROCOPA Study Group. Dissociation between blood pressure reduction and fall in proteinuria in primary renal disease: a randomised double-blind trial. J Hypertens 2002; 20:729-737.
52. Nathan S, Pepine CJ, Bakris GL. Calcium antagonists. Effects on cardio-renal risk in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 2005; 46:637-642.
53. K/DOQI Clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis2004; 43(5Suppl 1):1-290.