Effects of logging in the southern boreal peatlands of Manitoba, Canada

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 649-661

  Locky, David A ^a   Bayley, Suzanne E ^b  

^a University of Alberta ^*  (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NATURAL WATER GEOCHEMISTRY; NUTRIENTS; PLANTS (BOTANY);

LOGGED PEATLANDS; SURFACE WATER CHEMISTRY; WOODED CONTROLS;

LOGGING (FORESTRY);

ABRASION; ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; CLEARCUTTING; DECOMPOSITION; DISTURBANCE; HUMAN ACTIVITY; LOGGING (TIMBER); MICROHABITAT; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PEATLAND; PLANT COMMUNITY; REGENERATION; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SURFACE WATER; WATER CHEMISTRY;

FORESTS; LOGGING; NUTRIENTS; SURFACE WATER;

CANADA; MANITOBA; NORTH AMERICA;

BRYOPHYTA; BRYOPHYTES; PICEA MARIANA; POACEAE; SALIX;

EID: 34547884706     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/X06-249     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Ahtiainen, M., and Huttunen, P. 1999. Long-term effects of forestry managements on water quality and loading in brooks. Boreal Environ. Res. 4: 101-114.
2. Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre. 2002. Plant elements list. Government of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. Available from http://www.cd.gov.ab.ca/ preserving/parks/anhic/docs/vascular_plant_list.pdf. [Accessed 2003].
3. Anderson, L.E. 1990. A checklist of Sphagnum in North America north of Mexico. Bryologist, 93: 500-501. doi:10.2307/3243612.
4. Anderson, B.W., Crum, H.A., and Buck, W.R. 1990. List of the mosses of North America north of Mexico. Bryologist, 93: 448-499. doi:10.2307/3243611.
5. Bergstedt, J., and Milberg, P. 2001. The impact of logging intensity on field-layer vegetation in Swedish boreal forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 154: 105-115. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00642-3.
6. Brumelis, G., and Carleton, T.J. 1988. The vegetation of postlogged black spruce lowlands in central Canada. I. Trees and tall shrubs. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 1470-1478.
7. Brumelis, G., and Carleton, T.J. 1989. The vegetation of postlogged black spruce lowlands in central Canada. II. Understory vegetation. J. Appl. Ecol. 26: 321-339.
8. Cottam, G., and Curtis, J.T. 1956. The use of distance measures in phytosociological sampling. Ecology, 37: 451-460. doi:10.2307/1930167.
9. Coxson, D.S., and Marsh, J. 2001. Lichen chronosequences (postfire and postharvest) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests of northern interior British Columbia. Can. J. Bot. 79: 1449-1464. doi:10.1139/cjb-79-12-1449.
10. Dean, W.E. 1974. Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: comparison with other methods. J. Sediment. Petrol. 44: 242-248.
11. Deans, A.M., Malcolm, J.R., Smith, S.M., and Carleton, T.J. 2003. A comparison of forest structure among old-growth, variable retention harvested, and clearcut peatland black spruce (Picea mariana) forests in boreal northeastern Ontario. For. Chron. 79: 579-589.
12. Di Stefano, J. 2003. A confidence interval approach to data analysis. For. Ecol. Manage. 187: 173-183.
13. Dubé, S., Plamondon, A.P., and Rothwell, R.L. 1995. Watering up after clear-cutting on forested wetlands of the St. Lawrence lowland. Water Resour. Res. 31: 1741-1750. doi:10.1029/95WR00427.
14. Dufrêne, M., and Legendre, P. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol. Monogr. 67: 345-366. doi:10.2307/2963459.
15. Ecological Stratification Working Group. 1995. Terrestrial ecozones, ecoregions, and ecodistricts of Canada: Province of Manitoba. A National Ecological Framework for Canada. Agriculture and Agric.-foods Canada, Research Branch Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Ottawa, Ont., and Environment Canada, State of the Environment Directorate, Ecozone Analysis Branch, Hull, Que.
16. Esslinger, T.L., and Egan, R.S. 1995. A sixth checklist of the lichen-forming, lichenicolous, and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. Bryologist, 98: 467-549. doi:10.2307/3243586.
17. Fenton, N.J., Frego, K.A., and Sims, M.R. 2003. Changes in forest floor bryophyte (moss and liverwort) communities 4 years after forest harvest. Can. J. Bot. 81: 714-731. doi:10.1139/b03-063.
18. Franklin, J.F., Lindenmayuer, D., MacMahon, J.A., McKee, A., Magnuson, J., Perry, D.A., Waide, R., and Foster, D. 2000. Threads of continuity. There are immense differences between even-aged silvicultural disturbances (especially clearcutting) and natural disturbances, such as windthrow, wildfire, and even volcanic eruptions. Conserv. Pract. 1: 8-16. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4629. 2000.tb00155.x.
19. Groot, A. 1987. Silvicultural consequences of forest harvesting on peatlands: site damage and slash condition. Can. For. Serv. Great Lakes For. Cent. Inf. Rep. O-X-358.
20. Groot, A., and Adams, M. 1994. Direct seeding black spruce on peatlands: fifth-year results. For. Chron. 70: 585-592.
21. Halsey, L.A., Vitt, D.H., and Zoltai, S.C. 1997. Climatic and physiographic controls on wetland type and distribution in Manitoba, Canada. Wetlands, 17: 243-262.
22. Hannerz, M., and Hånell, B. 1993. Changes in the vascular plant vegetation after different cutting regimes on a productive peatland site in central Sweden. Scand. J. For. Res. 8: 193-203.
23. Hannerz, M., and Hånell, B. 1997. Effects on the flora in Norway spruce forests following clearcutting and shelterwood cutting. For. Ecol. Manage. 90: 29-49. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03858-3.
24. Hogg, E.H. 1994. Climate and the southern limit of the western Canadian boreal forest. Can. J. For. Res. 24: 1835-1845.
25. Hörnberg, G., Ohlson, M., and Zackrisson, O. 1997. Influence of bryophytes and microrelief conditions on Picea abies seed regeneration patterns in boreal old-growth swamp forests. Can. J. For. Res. 27: 1015-1023. doi:10.1139/cjfr-27-7-1015.
26. Jeglum, J.K. 1987. Alternate strip clearcutting in upland black spruce II. Factors affecting regeneration in first-cut strips. For. Chron. 63: 439-445.
27. Jeglum, J.K. 1991. Peatland forestry in Canada: an overview. In Proceedings of a Seminar on Biomass Production and Element Fluxes in Forested Peatland Ecosystems, 3-7 September 1990, Umeå, Sweden. Edited by B. Hånell. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Site Research, Umeå, Sweden. pp. 19-28.
28. Klassen, R.W. 1979. Pleistocene geology and geomorphology of Riding Mountain and Duck Mountain areas, Manitoba-Saskatchewan. Geol. Surv. Can. Mem. No. 396.
29. Knighton, M.D., and Stiegler, J.H. 1980. Phosphorus release following clearcutting of a black spruce fen and a black spruce bog. In Proceedings of 6th Annual Peatland Congress, 17-23 August 1980, Duluth, Minn. pp. 577-583.
30. Kruskal, J.B. 1964. Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika, 29: 1-27. doi:10.1007/BF02289565.
31. Lee, P., Aksenov, D., Laestadius, L., Nogueron, R., and Smith, W. 2003. Canada's large intact forest landscapes. Global Forest Watch, Edmonton, Alta.
32. Locky, D.A., and Bayley, S.E. 2006. Plant diversity, composition, and rarity in the southern boreal peatlands of Manitoba, Canada. Can. J. Bot. 84: 940-955. doi:10.1139/B06-049.
33. Locky, D.A., Bayley, S.E., and Vitt, D.H. 2005. The vegetational ecology of black spruce swamps, fens, and bogs in southern boreal Manitoba, Canada. Wetlands, 25: 564-582. doi:10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0564:TVEOBS]2.0. CO;2.
34. Macdonald, S.E., and Yin, F.Y. 1999. Factors influencing size inequality in peatland black spruce and tamarack: evidence from post-drainage release growth. J. Ecol. 87: 404-412. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00370.x.
35. Marschall, M., and Proctor, M.C. 2004. "Are bryophytes shade plants?" Photosynthetic light responses and proportions of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids. Ann. Bot. (London), 94: 593-603. doi:10.1093/aob/mch178. PMID: 15319230.
36. McCune, B., and Grace, J.B. 2002. Analysis of ecological communities. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Ore.
37. McCune, B., and Mefford, M.J. 1999. PC-ORD, version 4.25 edition. Multivariate analysis of ecological data. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, OR.
38. Moen, J., and Jonsson, B.G. 2003. Edge effects on liverworts and lichens in forest patches in a mosaic of boreal forest and wetland. Conserv. Biol. 17: 380-388. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.00406.x.
39. National Wetlands Working Group. 1988. Wetlands of Canada. Sustainable Development Branch, Environment Canada. Ottawa, Ont., and Polyscience Publications, Inc., Montreal, Que.
40. National Wetlands Working Group. 1997. The Canadian wetland classification system. Edited by B.G. Warner and C.D.A. Rubec. Wetlands Research Centre, Waterloo, Ont.
41. Niering, W.A., and Goodwin, R.H. 1974. Creation of relatively stable shrublands with herbicides: arresting "succession" on rights-of-way and pastureland. Ecology, 55: 784-795. doi:10.2307/1934414.
42. Nugent, C., Kanali, C., Owende, P.M.O., Niewenhuis, M., and Ward, S. 2003. Characteristic site disturbance due to harvesting and extraction machinery traffic on sensitive forest sites with peat soil. For. Ecol. Manage. 180: 85-98. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00628-X.
43. Palviainen, M., Finér, L., Kurkla, A.-M., Mannerkoski, H., Piirainen, S., and Starr, M. 2004. Decomposition and nutrient release from logging residues after clear-cutting of mixed boreal forest. Plant Soil, 263: 53-67. doi:10.1023/B:PLSO.0000047718.34805.fb.
44. Peltzer, D.A., Bast, M.L., Wilson, S.D., and Gerry, A.K. 2000. Plant diversity and tree responses following contrasting disturbances in boreal forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 127: 191-203. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00130- 9.
45. Pitkänen, S. 2000. Classification of vegetation diversity in managed boreal forests in eastern Finland. Plant Ecol. 146: 11-28. doi:10.1023/A:1009877403926.
46. Price, J.S. 1997. Soil moisture, water tension, and water table relationships in a managed cutover bog. J. Hydrol. 202: 21-32. doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00037-1.
47. Pykälä, J. 2004. Immediate increase in plant species richness after clear-cutting of boreal herb-rich forests. Appl. Veg. Sci. 7: 29-34. doi:10.1658/1402-2001(2004)007[0029:IIIPSR]2.0.CO;2.
48. Rochefort, L. 2000. Sphagnum a keystone genus in habitat restoration. Bryologist, 103: 503-508. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2000) 103[0503:SAKGIH]2.0.CO;2.
49. Rosén, K., Aronson, J.-A., and Eriksson, H.M. 1996. Efects of clear-cutting on streamwater quality in forest catchments in central Sweden. For. Ecol. Manage. 83: 237-244. doi:10.1016/0378-1127(96)03718-8.
50. Roy, V., Ruel, J.-C., and Plamondon, A.P. 2000. Establishment, growth and survival of natural regeneration after clearcutting and drainage on forested wetlands. For. Ecol. Manage. 129: 253-267. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(99) 00170-X.
51. Scoggan, H.J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada. National Museum of Canada, Ottawa, Ont. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. Publ. Bot. No. 7.
52. Shestak, C.J., and Busse, M.D. 2005. Compaction alters physical but not biological indices of soil health. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69: 236-246.
53. Silins, U., and Rothwell, R.L. 1999. Spatial patterns of aerobic limit depth and oxygen diffusion rate at two peatlands drained for forestry in Alberta. Can. J. For. Res. 29: 53-61. doi:10.1139/cjfr-29-1-53.
54. Sjörs, H. 1952. On the relation between vegetation and electrolytes in north Swedish mire waters. Oikos, 2: 241-258.
55. SPSS Inc. 2003. SPSS for Windows, version 11.5.1 edition. SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill.
56. Slack, N.G. 1990. Bryophytes and ecological niche theory. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 104: 187-213.
57. Stötler, R., and Crandall-Stötler, B. 1977. A checklist of the liverworts and hornworts of North America. Bryologist, 80: 405-429. doi:10.2307/3242017.
58. Taylor, S.J., Carleton, T.J., and Adams, P. 1987. Understory vegetation change in a Picea mariana chronosequence. Vegetatio, 73: 63-72.
59. Trettin, C.C., Jurgensen, M.F., Grigal, D.F., Gale, M.R., and Jeglum, J.K. (Editors). 1997. Northern forested wetlands: ecology and management. CRC Press Inc./Lewis Publishers, New York.
60. Vitt, D.H., Li, Y., and Belland, R.J. 1995. Patterns of bryophyte diversity in peatlands of continental western Canada. Bryologist, 98: 218-227. doi:10.2307/3243306.
61. Vitt, D.H., Halsey, L.A., Bray, J., and Kinser, A. 2003. Patterns of bryophyte richness in a complex boreal landscape: identifying key habitats at McClelland Lake wetland. Bryologist, 106: 372-382. doi:10.1639/03.
62. World Resources Institute. 2000. Canada's forests at a crossroads: an assessment in the year 2000. Global Forest Watch Canada, Edmonton, Alta. Available from http://www.globalforestwatch.org/common/canada/report.pdf. [Accessed 15 December 2005.]
63. Zobel, M. 1989. Secondary forest succession in Järvselja, southeastern Estonia: changes in field layer vegetation. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 26: 171-182.