The 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq: Militarism in the service of geopolitics

Justice and Violence: Political Violence, Pacifism and Cultural Transformation

Volumn , Issue , 2019, Pages 193-216

  Byrne, Edmund F ^a  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34547875757     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781351154642-12     Document Type: Chapter

References (82)

1. Leonardo Maugeri. “Not In Oil’s Name,” Foreign Affairs 82/4, (July/August 2003): 165-174;
2. Timothy E Wirth, C. Boyden Gray, and John D. Podesta. “The Future of Energy Policy,” Foreign Affairs 82/4, (July/August 2003): 132-155.
3. Brian Orend. War and International Justice: A Kantian Perspective (Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2000) pp. 48-50.
4. Roy Godson and James J. Wirtz. “Strategic Denial and Deception.” International Journal of Intelligence and Counter Intelligence 13 (2000): 424-437;
5. Eric Alterman. When Presidents Lie: A History of Official Deception and Its Consequences (New York: Viking, 2004).
6. David Miller. “Information Dominance: The Philosophy of Total Propaganda Control?" Scoop, 29 December 2003. Available online at http://www.globalpolicy.org.
7. Oliver Boyd-Barrett. “Imperial News and the New Imperialism.” Third World Resurgence (June 2003): 44-48, 151-152. Available online at http://www.globalpolicy.org.
8. Michael Klare. Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict (New York: Henry Holt Metropolitan, 2002).
9. Gilbert Achcar. “U.S. Imperial Strategy in the Middle East.” Monthly Review 55/9, (February 2004): pp. 28-29;
10. George W. Bush, The White House, and the Education of Paul O’Neill (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004).
11. Michael Ignatieff. “The Burden.” New York Times Magazine, 5 January 2003, 22-27;
12. Robert Cooper. “The Post-Modern State,” in Reordering the World: The Long-Term Implications of September 11, Mark Leonard (ed.), (London: Foreign Policy Center, 2002).
13. st Century (Washington, DC: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 2001), p. 41.
14. Minqi Li “After Neoliberalism: Empire, Social Democracy, or Socialism?" Monthly Review 55/8, (January 2004): p. 29.
15. Norman D. Livergood. “The New U.S.-British Oil Imperialism,” published online at hermes-press.com/impintrol.htm (orig. 10/29/2001).
16. Daniel Yergin. The Prize: The Epic Quest fo r Oil, Money, and Power (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991).
17. James A. Paul. “Oil Companies in Iraq: A Century of Rivalry and War.” Available online at http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/oil/2003/2003companiesiniraq.htm.
18. Sandra Mackey. The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein (New York: W. W. Norton, 2002), pp. 171, 228, 338.
19. Steve Kretzmann. “Oil, Security, War: The Geopolitics of U.S. Energy Planning.” Multinational Monitor (Jan.-Feb 2003), p. 13.
20. Jim Vallette. “Crude Vision: How Oil Interests Obscured U.S. Government Focus on Chemical Weapons Use by Saddam Hussein,” Sustainable Energy & Economy Network/Institute fo r Policy Studies (March 2003).
21. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/fogofwar/docdirective.htm.
22. M.A. Delucchi, and J. Murphy. “U.S. Military Expenditures to Protect the Use of Persian-Gulf Oil for Motor Vehicles,” UCD-175-RR-96-3 (15). University of California, Davis, CA (April 1996.).;
23. Patricia S. Yu. “Estimates of 1996 U.S. Military Expenditures on Defending Oil Supplies from the Middle East,” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1997.
24. Anthony H. Cordesman 1998. “Living With Saddam: Reshaping US Strategy in the Middle East.” Testimony to the Senate Armed Services Committee (23 May 1998).
25. Anthony H. Cordesman 1998. “The Changing Geopolitics of Energy.” Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), 12 August 1998: pp. 9, 16, 21-22, 53.
26. Morse and Jaffe, Strategic Energy Policy, pp. 23, 40, 81.
27. Morse and Jaffe, Strategic Energy Policy, 42-43.
28. Edward P Djerejian and Frank G. Wisner. “Guiding Principles for U.S. Post-Conflict Policy in Iraq: Report of an Independent Working Group.” Available at http://www.bakerinstitute.org/Pubs/W-Papers.htm.
29. Edward P Djerejian and Frank G. Wisner. “Guiding Principles for U.S. Post-Conflict Policy in Iraq: Report of an Independent Working Group.” 8.
30. Edward P Djerejian and Frank G. Wisner. “Guiding Principles for U.S. Post-Conflict Policy in Iraq: Report of an Independent Working Group.” 16.
31. Naomi Klein. “Baghdad Year Zero: Pillaging Iraq in Pursuit of a Neocon Utopia.” Harper’s Magazine (September 2004): 43-53.
32. Strauss, 1959, 126.
33. Robert Kagan and William Kristol. Present Dangers: Crisis and Opportunity in American Foreign and Defense Policy (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2000).
34. Earl Shorris. “Leo Strauss, George Bush, and the Philosophy of Mass Deception,” Harper’s Magazine (June 2004): 65-71.
35. Peter Singer. The President of Good & Evil: The Ethics of George W. Bush (New York: Dutton, 2004).
36. John McCumber. “A Closed Intellectual Community: The Policing of American Philosophy.” Studies in Practical Philosophy 2/2, (2002): 124-137.
37. Sidney Hook. “Philosophy and Public Policy,” in Charles J. Bontempo and S. Jack Odell (eds.) The Owl of Minerva: Philosophers on Philosophy (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975), pp. 76, 81, 85.
38. Herbert Marcuse. “The Relevance of Reality,” in Charles J. Bontempo and S. Jack Odell (eds.) The Owl of Minerva: Philosophers on Philosophy (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975), pp. 237-238, 241.
39. Robert Ginsberg (ed.) The Critique of War: Contemporary Philosophical Explorations (Chicago: Henry Regner, 1969).
40. Michael Walzer. Just and Unjust Wars (New York: Basic Books, 1977);
41. Jean Bethke Elshtain (ed.) Just War Theory (New York: New York University Press, 1992).
42. John Rawls. A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University, 1971).
43. John Rawls. The Law of Peoples (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).
44. John Rawls. The Law of Peoples (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999). 92.
45. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 20.
46. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 46-53.
47. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 46.
48. Jon Mandle. What’s Left of Liberalism? An Interpretation and Defense of Justice as Fairness (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2000), pp. 45-55.
49. Folk Tersman. Reflective Equilibrium: An Essay in Moral Epistemology (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wakool International, 1993).
50. Onora O’Neill. Towards Justice and Virtue: A Constructive Account of Practical Reasoning (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 41, 47;
51. Diana Tietjens Meyers. Subjection and Subjectivity (New York: Routledge, 1994), pp. 44-47.
52. Mandle, What’s Left of Liberalism? 194-204.
53. rd Nordic EIA/SEA Conference (22-23 November 1999), pp. 141-142, 156-159.
54. J. Vorstenbosch “Reflective Equilibrium and Public Debate: How to Cast the Public’s Web of Beliefs Broadly Enough,” in W. Van de Burg and T. van Willigenburg (eds.) Reflective Equilibrium (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1998);
55. Neil Levy. “Wider Still: Reflective Equilibrium and the Explanation of Political Radicalization.” International Journal of Politics and Ethics (June 2001);
56. Andreas Føllesdal. “Rawls in the Nordic Countries.” Advanced Research on the Europeanization of the Nation State (ARENA) Working Paper 02/15/2002. Available at http://www.arena.uio.no/publications/wp02_15.htm.
57. John Rawls. Political Liberalism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993), p. 97.
58. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 380.
59. Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 8, 90.
60. Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 90-91.
61. Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 91.
62. Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 89-105.
63. Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 105-120.
64. Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 19, 46-47.
65. Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 43.
66. Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 52-54, 98-103.
67. Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 91.
68. Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 93.
69. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 52.
70. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 12.
71. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 19.
72. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 22-23.
73. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 87.
74. Carl L. Becker. The Heavenly City of the Eighteenth Century Philosophers (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1932), p. 35.
75. Strauss, Leo. What Is Political Philosophy? And Other Studies (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959), p. 54.
76. Jonathan Glover. Humanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century (New Haven: Yale Nota Bene, 2001).
77. Glover, Humanity, xi, 4-5.
78. Trudy Govier. A Delicate Balance: What Philosophy Can Tell Us About Terrorism (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2002), p. 85.
79. John R Rowan, (ed.) War and Terrorism: Social Philosophy Today 20 (2004).
80. James P Sterba (ed.) Terrorism and International Justice (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003).
81. Benjamin R. Barber. Fear’s Empire: War, Terrorism, and Democracy (New York: Norton, 2003);
82. John Pilger. “Power, Propaganda and Conscience in the War on Terror,” Znet (26 January 2004). Available online at http://www.globalpolicy.org.