Individual factors and the context of physical activity in exercise dependence: A prospective study of 'ultra-marathoners'

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 233-243

  Allegre, Benjamin ^a   Therme, Pierre ^a   Griffiths, Mark ^b  

^a AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY   (France)

^b NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Exercise addiction; Exercise dependence; Physical activity; Social and environmental context

Indexed keywords

EID: 34547841282     PISSN: 15571874     EISSN: 15571882     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11469-007-9081-9     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Adams, J., Miller, T. W., & Kraus, R. F. (2003). Exercise dependence: Diagnostic and therapeutic issues for patients in psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 33, 93-107.
2. American College of Sports Medicine (1993). Position stand-Physical- activity, physical-fitness, and hypertension. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25, R1-R10.
3. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
4. Bamber, D. J., Cockerill, I. M., Rodgers, S., & Carroll, D. (2003). Diagnostic criteria for exercise dependence in women. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37, 393-400.
5. Biddle, S. J. H. (1995). Exercise and psychosocial health. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 66, 292-297.
6. Biddle, S. J. H., & Fox, K. R. (1989). Exercise and health psychology-Emerging relationships. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 62, 205-216.
7. Blanchard, C. M., McGannon, K. R., Spence, J. C., Rhodes, R. E., Nehl, E., Baker, F. et al. (2005). Social ecological correlates of physical activity in normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals. International Journal of Obesity, 29, 720-726.
8. Carron, A. V., Hausenblas, H. A., & Mack, D. (1996). Social influence and exercise: A meta-analyse. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 18, 1-16.
9. Cohen-Mansfield, J., Marx, M. S., Biddison, J. R., & Guralnik, J. M. (2004). Socio-environmental exercise preferences among older adults. Preventive Medicine, 38, 804-811.
10. Cox, R., & Orford, J. (2004). A qualitative study of the meaning of exercise for people who could be labelled as 'addicted' to exercise-Can 'addiction' be applied to high frequency exercising? Addiction Research and Theory, 12, 167-188.
11. Delatorre, J. (1995). Mens-sana-in-corpore-sano, or exercise abuse: Clinical considerations. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 59, 15-31.
12. Dishman, R. K., Sallis, J. F., & Orenstein, D. R. (1985). The determinants of physical-activity and exercise. Public Health Reports, 100, 158-171.
13. Downs, D. S., Hausenblas, H. A., & Nigg, C. R. (2004). Factorial validity and psychometric examination of the exercise dependence scale-revised. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 8, 183-201.
14. Fick, D. S., Goff, S. J., & Oppliger, R. (1996). Running and its effect on family life. Archives of Family Medicine, 5, 385-388.
15. Furst, D. M., & Germone, K. (1993). Negative addiction in male and female runners and exercisers. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 77, 192-194.
16. Glover, B., & Schuder, P. (1988). The new competitive runner's handbook. New York: Penguin.
17. Godin, G., Jobin, J., & Bouillon, J. (1986). Assessment of leisure-time exercise behavior by self-report-A concurrent validity study. Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique, 77, 359-362.
18. Griffiths, M. D. (1997). Exercise addiction: A case study. Addiction Research, 5, 161-168.
19. Hausenblas, H. A., & Downs, D. S. (2002a). Exercise dependence: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 89-123.
20. Hausenblas, H. A., & Downs, D. S. (2002b). How much is too much? The development and validation of the exercise dependence scale. Psychology and Health, 17, 387-404.
21. Humpel, N., Owen, N., & Leslie, E. (2002). Environmental factors associated with adults' participation in physical activity: A review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22, 188-199.
22. Klein, D. A., Bennett, A. S., Schebendach, J., Foltin, R. W., Devlin, M. J., & Walsh, B. T. (2004). Exercise "addiction" in anorexia nervosa: Model development and pilot data. Cns Spectrums, 9, 531-537.
23. Klesges, R. C., Eck, L. H., Mellon, M. W., Fulliton, W., Somes, G. W., & Hanson, C. L. (1990). The accuracy of self-reports of physical-activity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 22, 690-697.
24. Marttila, J., Laitakari, J., Nupponen, R., Miilunpalo, S., & Paronen, O. (1998). The versatile nature of physical activity-On the psychological, behavioural and contextual characteristics of health-related physical activity. Patient Education and Counseling, 33, S29-S38.
25. Masters, K. S., & Lambert, M. J. (1989). On gender comparison and construct validity: An examination of the commitment to running scale in a sample of marathon runners. Journal of Sport Behavior, 12, 196-202.
26. Parks, S. E., Housemann, R. A., & Brownson, R. C. (2003). Differential correlates of physical activity in urban and rural adults of various socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57, 29-35.
27. Pierce, E. F., McGowan, R. W., & Lynn, T. D. (1993). Exercise dependence in relation to competitive orientation of runners. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 33, 189-193.
28. Pierce, E. F., Rohaly, K. A., & Fritchley, B. (1997). Sex differences on exercise dependence for men and women in a marathon road race. Perceptual Motor Skills, 84, 991-994.
29. Sallis, J. F., Hovell, M. F., & Hofstetter, C. R. (1992). Predictors of adoption and maintenance of vigorous physical-activity in men and women. Preventive Medicine, 21, 237-251.
30. Salmon, P. (2001). Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: A unifying theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 33-61.
31. Shephard, R. J. (2003). Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37, 197-206.
32. Spence, J. C., & Lee, R. E. (2003). Toward a comprehensive model of physical activity. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4, 7-24.
33. Summers, J. J., Machin, V. J., & Sargent, G. I. (1983). Psycho-social factors related to marathon running. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, 314-331.
34. Szabo, A. (1995). The impact of exercise deprivation on well-being of habitual exercisers. The Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 27, 68-75.
35. Szabo, A. (1998). Studying the psychological impact of exercise deprivation: Are experimental studies hopeless? Journal of Sport Behavior, 21, 139-147.
36. Terry, A., Szabo, A., & Griffiths, M. (2004). The exercise addiction inventory: A new brief screening tool. Addiction Research and Theory, 12, 489-499.
37. Titze, S., Stronegger, W., & Owen, N. (2005). Prospective study of individual, social, and environmental predictors of physical activity: Women's leisure running. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6, 363-376.
38. US Department of Health and Human Services (1996). Physical activity and health: A report of the surgeon general. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
39. Veale, D. M. W. (1995). Does primary exercise dependence really exist? In J. Annet, B. Cripps, & H. Steinberg (Eds.), Exercise addiction: Motivation for participation in sport and exercise (pp. 1-5). Leicester, UK: The British Psychological Society.
40. Vuori, I. (1998). Does physical activity enhance health? Patient Education and Counseling, 33, S95-S103.
41. Wilcox, S., Castro, C., King, A. C., Housemann, R., & Brownson, R. C. (2000). Determinants of leisure time physical activity in rural compared with urban older and ethnically diverse women in the United States. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54, 667-672.