Role of radiology in the management of primary aldosteronism

Radiographics

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 1145-1157

  Patel, Shilpan M ^a   Lingam, Ravi K ^a   Beaconsfield, Tina I ^a   Tran, Tan L ^a   Brown, Beata ^a  

^a NORTHWICK PARK HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; CLINICAL PRACTICE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; HYPERTENSION; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW;

ADULT; AGED; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; HYPERTENSION; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES;

EID: 34547777319     PISSN: 02715333     EISSN: 15271323     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1148/rg.274065150     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Conn JW. Presidential address. I. Painting background. II. Primary aldosteronism: a new clinical syndrome. J Lab Clin Med 1955;45:3-17.
2. Conn JW. Primary aldosteronism. J Lab Clin Med 1955;45:661-664.
3. Kaplan NM. The current epidemic of primary aldosteronism: causes and consequences. J Hypertens 2004;22:863-869.
4. Garrod O, Simpson SA, Tait JF. Aldosterone. Lancet 1956;270:860-861.
5. Conn JW, Louis LH. Primary aldosteronism: a new clinical entity. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1955;68:215-231.
6. Dunn PJ, Espiner EA. Outpatient screening tests for primary aldosteronism. Aust N Z J Med 1976;6:131-135.
7. Al FM, Duh QY. Clinical manifestation of aldosteronoma. Surg Clin North Am 2004;84:887-905.
8. Montori VM, Young WF Jr. Use of plasma aldosterone concentration-to- plasma renin activity ratio as a screening test for primary aldosteronism: a systematic review of the literature. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2002;31:619-632, xi.
9. Schwartz GL, Chapman AB, Boerwinkle E, Kisabeth RM, Turner ST. Screening for primary aldosteronism: implications of an increased plasma aldosterone/renin ratio. Clin Chem 2002;48:1919-1923.
10. Hirohara D, Nomura K, Okamoto T, Ujihara M, Takano K. Performance of the basal aldosterone to renin ratio and of the renin stimulation test by furosemide and upright posture in screening for aldosterone-producing adenoma in low renin hypertensives. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:4292-4298.
11. Lim PO, Rodgers P, Cardale K, Watson AD, MacDonald TM. Potentially high prevalence of primary aldosteronism in a primary-care population. Lancet 1999;353:40.
12. Fardella CE, Mosso L, Gomez-Sanchez C, et al. Primary hyperaldosteronism in essential hypertensives: prevalence, biochemical profile, and molecular biology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:1863-1867.
13. Mosso L, Carvajal C, Gonzalez A, et al. Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease. Hypertension 2003;42:161-165.
14. Young WF Jr. Minireview: primary aldosteronism - changing concepts in diagnosis and treatment. Endocrinology 2003;144:2208-2213.
15. Veglio F, Morello F, Rabbia F, Leotta G, Mulatero P. Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism. Minerva Med 2003;94:259-265.
16. Brown CA, Bouldin MJ, Blackston JW, Duddleston DN, Shepherd JM, Hicks GS. Hyperaldosteronism: the internist's hypertensive disease. Am J Med Sci 2002;324:227-231.
17. Harris DA, Au-Yong I, Basnyat PS, Sadler GP, Wheeler MH. Review of surgical management of aldosterone secreting tumours of the adrenal cortex. Eur J Surg Oncol 2003;29:467-474.
18. Foo R, O'Shaughnessy KM, Brown MJ. Hyperaldosteronism: recent concepts, diagnosis, and management. Postgrad Med J 2001;77:639-644.
19. Rossi GP, Sacchetto A, Chiesura-Corona M, et al. Identification of the etiology of primary aldosteronism with adrenal vein sampling in patients with equivocal computed tomography and magnetic resonance findings: results in 104 consecutive cases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:1083-1090.
20. Daunt N. Adrenal vein sampling: how to make it quick, easy, and successful. RadioGraphics 2005;25(suppl 1):S143-S158.
21. Auda SP, Brennan MF, Gill JR Jr. Evolution of the surgical management of primary aldosteronism. Ann Surg 1980;191:1-7.
22. Young WF, Stanson AW, Thompson GB, Grant CS, Farley DR, van Heerden JA. Role for adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism. Surgery 2004;136:1227-1235.
23. de Gasparo M, Joss U, Ramjoue HP, et al. Three new epoxy-spirolactone derivatives: characterization in vivo and in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987;240:650-656.
24. Zillich AJ, Carter BL. Eplerenone: a novel selective aldosterone blocker. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:1567-1576.
25. Weinberger MH, Roniker B, Krause SL, Weiss RJ. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in mild-to-moderate hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2002;15:709-716.
26. Melby JC, Spark RF, Dale SL, Egdahl RH, Kahn PC. Diagnosis and localization of aldosterone-producing adenomas by adrenal-vein catheterization. N Engl J Med 1967;277:1050-1056.
27. Magill SB, Raff H, Shaker JL, et al. Comparison of adrenal vein sampling and computed tomography in the differentiation of primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:1066-1071.
28. Doppman JL, Gill JR Jr. Hyperaldosteronism: sampling the adrenal veins. Radiology 1996;198:309-312.
29. Dunnick NR, Leight GS Jr, Roubidoux MA, Leder RA, Paulson E, Kurylo L. CT in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: sensitivity in 29 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993;160:321-324.
30. Ikeda DM, Francis IR, Glazer GM, Amendola MA, Gross MD, Aisen AM. The detection of adrenal tumors and hyperplasia in patients with primary aldosteronism: comparison of scintigraphy CT, and MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989;153:301-306.
31. Sheaves R, Goldin J, Reznek RH, et al. Relative value of computed tomography scanning and venous sampling in establishing the cause of primary hyperaldosteronism. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:308-313.
32. Gross MD, Shapiro B, Grekin RJ, et al. Scintigraphic localization of adrenal lesions in primary aldosteronism. Am J Med 1984;77:839-844.
33. Harper R, Ferrett CG, McKnight JA, et al. Accuracy of CT scanning and adrenal vein sampling in the pre-operative localization of aldosterone-secreting adrenal adenomas. QJM 1999;92:643-650.
34. Glodny B, Kuhle C, Cromme S, Brockmann J, Winde G. An assessment of diagnostic procedures preparatory to retroperitoneoscopic removal of adenoma in cases of primary hyperaldosteronism. Endocr J 2000;47:657-665.
35. Lumachi F, Marzola MC, Zucchetta P, et al. Non-invasive adrenal imaging in primary aldosteronism: sensitivity and positive predictive value of radiocholesterol scintigraphy, CT scan and MRI. Nucl Med Commun 2003;24:683-688.
36. Doppman JL, Gill JR Jr, Miller DL, et al. Distinction between hyperaldosteronism due to bilateral hyperplasia and unilateral aldosteronoma: reliability of CT. Radiology 1992;184:677-682.
37. Lingam RK, Sohaib SA, Rockall AG, et al. Diagnostic performance of CT versus MR in detecting aldosterone-producing adenoma in primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome). Eur Radiol 2004;14:1787-1792.
38. Lingam RK, Sohaib SA, Vlahos I, et al. CT of primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome): the value of measuring the adrenal gland. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;181:843-849.
39. Korobkin M, Giordano TJ, Brodeur FJ, et al. Adrenal adenomas: relationship between histologic lipid and CT and MR findings. Radiology 1996;200:743-747.
40. Korobkin M, Brodeur FJ, Francis IR, Quint LE, Dunnick NR, Londy F. CT time-attenuation washout curves of adrenal adenomas and nonadenomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998;170:747-752.
41. Boland GW, Lee MJ, Gazelle GS, Halpern EF, McNicholas MM, Mueller PR. Characterization of adrenal masses using unenhanced CT: an analysis of the CT literature. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998;171:201-204.
42. Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Radecki PD, Piccoli CW, Mitchell DG. Distinction between benign and malignant adrenal masses: value of T1-weighted chemical-shift MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;165:579-583.
43. Caoili EM, Korobkin M, Francis IR, Cohan RH, Dunnick NR. Delayed enhanced CT of lipid-poor adrenal adenomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:1411-1415.
44. Caoili EM, Korobkin M, Francis IR, et al. Adrenal masses: characterization with combined unenhanced and delayed enhanced CT. Radiology 2002;222:629-633.
45. Tsushima Y. Different lipid contents between aldosterone-producing and nonhyperfunctioning adrenocortical adenomas: in vivo measurement using chemical-shift magnetic resonance imaging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;79:1759-1762.
46. Yamada T, Ishibashi T, Saito H, et al. Adrenal adenomas: relationship between histologic lipidrich cells and CT attenuation number. Eur J Radiol 2003;48:198-202.
47. Sohaib SA, Peppercorn PD, Allan C, et al. Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome): MR imaging findings. Radiology 2000;214:527-531.
48. Vincent JM, Morrison ID, Armstrong P, Reznek RH. The size of normal adrenal glands on computed tomography. Clin Radiol 1994;49:453-455.
49. Gross MD, Shapiro B. Scintigraphic studies in adrenal hypertension. Semin Nucl Med 1989;19:122-143.
50. Gross MD, Shapiro B, Shreve P. Radionuclide imaging of the adrenal cortex. Q J Nucl Med 1999;43:224-232.
51. Conn JW, Cohen EL, Herwig KR. The dexamethasone-modified adrenal scintiscan in hyporeninemic aldosteronism (tumor versus hyperplasia): a comparison with adrenal venography and adrenal venous aldosterone. J Lab Clin Med 1976;88:841-856.
52. Reschini E, Catania A. Clinical experience with the adrenal scanning agents iodine 131-19-iodocholesterol and selenium 75-6-selenomethylcholesterol. Eur J Nucl Med 1991;18:817-823.
53. Kazerooni EA, Sisson JC, Shapiro B, et al. Diagnostic accuracy and pitfalls of [iodine-131]6-beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) imaging. J Nucl Med 1990;31:526-534.
54. Nakahama H, Fukuchi K, Yoshihara F, et al. Efficacy of screening for primary aldosteronism by adrenocortical scintigraphy without discontinuing antihypertensive medication. Am J Hypertens 2003;16:725-728.
55. Nocaudie-Calzada M, Huglo D, Lambert M, et al. Efficacy of iodine-131 6beta-methyl-iodo-19-norcholesterol scintigraphy and computed tomography in patients with primary aldosteronism. Eur J Nucl Med 1999;26:1326-1332.
56. Nomura K, Kusakabe K, Maki M, Ito Y, Aiba M, Demura H. Iodomethylnorcholesterol uptake in an aldosteronoma shown by dexamethasone-suppression scintigraphy: relationship to adenoma size and functional activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71:825-830.
57. Fallo F, Barzon L, Boscaro M, Sonino N. Coexistence of aldosteronoma and contralateral nonfunctioning adrenal adenoma in primary aldosteronism. Am J Hypertens 1997;10:476-478.
58. Hollak CE, Prummel MF, Tiel-van Buul MM. Bilateral adrenal tumours in primary aldosteronism: localization of a unilateral aldosteronoma by dexamethasone suppression scan. J Intern Med 1991;229:545-548.
59. Herd GW, Semple PF, Parker D, Davidson JK, Hilditch TE, Fraser R. False localization of an aldosteronoma by dexamethasone-suppressed adrenal scintigraphy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1987;26:699-705.
60. Liang HL, Pan HB, Lee YH, et al. Small functional adrenal cortical adenoma: treatment with CT-guided percutaneous acetic acid injection - report of three cases. Radiology 1999;213:612-615.
61. Minowada S, Fujimura T, Takahashi N, Kishi H, Hasuo K, Minami M. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous acetic acid injection therapy for functioning adrenocortical adenoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:5814-5817.
62. Inoue H, Nakajo M, Miyazono N, Nishida H, Ueno K, Hokotate H. Transcatheter arterial ablation of aldosteronomas with high-concentration ethanol: preliminary and long-term results. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997;168:1241-1245.
63. Nakajo M, Hokotate H, Tsuchimochi S, Inoue H, Miyazono N. Non-surgical therapy of primary aldosteronism: transcatheter arterial infusion of ethanol into an aldosteronoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2000;54(suppl 1):119s-132s.
64. Hokotate H, Inoue H, Baba Y, Tsuchimochi S, Nakajo M. Aldosteronomas: experience with superselective adrenal arterial embolization in 33 cases. Radiology 2003;227:401-406.