Halimeda (green siphonous algae) from the Paleogene of (Morocco) - Taxonomy, phylogeny and paleoenvironment

Micropaleontology

Volumn 53, Issue 1-2, 2007, Pages 1-72

  Dragastan, Ovidiu N ^a   Herbig, Hans Georg ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST   (Romania)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCAREOUS ALGA; FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGE; FOSSIL RECORD; GREEN ALGA; NEW SPECIES; PALEOENVIRONMENT; PALEOGENE; PHYLOGENY; TAXONOMY;

AFRICA; ATLAS MOUNTAINS; HIGH ATLAS; MOROCCO; NORTH AFRICA; TADLA-AZILAL;

ALGAE; BARTONIA; CAULERPALES; HALIMEDA; HALIMEDA COPIOSA; HALIMEDA CYLINDRACEA; HALIMEDA FRAGILIS; HALIMEDA GRACILIS; HALIMEDA INCRASSATA; HALIMEDA MONILE; HALIMEDA OPUNTIA; HALIMEDA SCABRA; HALIMEDA SIMULANS; HALIMEDA TUNA; OPUNTIA; RHIPSALIS; SCOMBRIDAE; UDOTEACEAE;

EID: 34547768176     PISSN: 00262803     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/gsmicropal.53.1-2.1     Document Type: Article

References (149)

1. AGARDH, J. G., 1887. Till algernes systematik. Nya bidrag (Femte afdelningen). Acta Universitatis Lundensis, 23 (2): 1-174.
2. AZMANY-FARKHANY, M., BOUJO, A. and SALVAN, H.M., 1986. Géologie des gîtes mineraux marocains, vol. 3. Phosphates. Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc, No. 276, 392 pp.
3. BADVE, R.M. and NAYAK, K.K., 1983. Occurrence and significance of the algal genus Halimeda from Nimar Sandstone, Bagh Beds, Jhabua District. M. P. Biovigyanam, 9: 137-148.
4. BADVE, R. M. and KUNDAL, P., 1986. Marine Cretaceous algae from the Baratang Formation, Andaman Islands, India. Bulletin of the Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Society of India, 54: 149-158.
5. BANDEIRA-PEDROSA, M. A., PEREIRA, S. M. B and OLIVEIRA, E. C., 2004. Taxonomy and distribution of the green algal genus Halimeda (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 27 (2): 363-377.
6. BARATTOLO, F., 2002. Late Cretaceous - Paleogene Dasycladaceans and the K/T boundary problem. In: Bucur, I. I. and Filipescu, S., Eds. Research advances in calcareous algae and microbial carbonates, 17-40. Cluj: Cluj University Press.
7. BARTON, E. S., 1901. The genus Halimeda. Monographs of the Siboga Expedition, 60: 32 pp. Leiden: Brill.
8. BASSOULLET, J. P., BERNIER, P., DELOFFRE, R., GÉNOT, P., PONCET, J. and ROUX, A., 1983. Les algues udoteacées du Paléozoïque au Cénozïque. Bulletin des Centres de Recherche Exploration-Production Elf-Aquitaine, 7(2): 449-621.
9. BECKMANN, J. P. and BECKMANN, R., 1966. Calcareous algae from the Cretaceous and Tertiary of Cuba. Schweizerische Paläontologische Abhandlungen, 85: 3-48.
10. BLAIR, S. M. and NORRIS, J. N., 1988. The deep-water species of Halimeda Lamouroux (Halimedaceae, Chlorophyta) from San Salvador Island, Bahamas: species composition, distribution and depth records. Coral Reefs, 6: 227-236.
11. BOSELLINI, F. R., RUSSO, A. and VESCOGNI, A., 2002. The Messinian reef complex of the Salento Peninsula (southern Italy): stratigraphy, facies and paleoenvironmental interpretation. Facies, 47:91-112.
12. BOUJO, A., 1976. Contribution à l'étude géologique du gisement de phosphate crétacé-éocène des Ganntour (Maroc occidental). Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc, No. 262: 227 pp.
13. BRAGA, J. C, MARTIN, J. M. and RIDING, R., 1996. Internal structure of segment reefs: Halimeda algal mounds in the Mediterranean Miocene. Geology, 24: 35-38.
14. BUCUR, I. I., 1994. Lower Cretaceous Halimedaceae and Gymnocodiaceae from Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains (Romania) and systematic position of the Gymnocodiaceae. Beiträge zur Paläontologie, 19: 13-37.
15. CAPPETTA, H., JAEGER, J.-J., SABATIER, M., SIGÉ, B., SUDRE, J. and VIANEY-LIAUD, M., 1987. Compléments et précisions biostratigraphiques sur la faune paléocène à mammifères et sélaciens du Bassin d'Ouarzazate (Maroc). - Tertiary Research, 8, (4): 147-157.
16. CHAPMAN, F. and MAWSON, D., 1906. On the importance of Halimeda as reef-forming organisms with description of the Halimeda limestones of the New Hebrides. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society London, 62: 702-711.
17. ème Série, Maroc, No 6: Géologie du Maroc): 9-73.
18. CHOUBERT, G. and MARÇAIS, J., 1956. Les grands traits de la géologie du Maroc. In: Choubert, G. and Faure-Muret, A., Eds., Lexique stratigraphique du Maroc. Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc, No. 134 (= Lexique stratigraphique international, Vol. IX (Afrique), Fascicule la (Maroc), 5-38.
19. CHOUBERT, G. and FAURE-MURET, A., 1960-62. Evolution du domaine atlasique marocain depuis les temps paléozoiques. Livre du Mémoire Paul Fallot, vol. I (Mémoire hors Série de la Société Géologique du France): 447-527.
20. CONARD, M. and RIOULT, M., 1977. Halimeda elliotti nov. sp., algue calcaire (Chlorophyceae) du Turonien des Alpes-Maritimes (S.E. France). Géologie Méditerranéenne, 4 (2): 83-98.
21. DAVIES, P.J. and MARSHALL, J. F., 1985. Halimeda bioherms - low energy reefs, Northern Great Barrier Reef. Proceedings of the 5th International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti 1985, 5: 1-14.
22. DECAISNE, J. 1842. Mémoire sur les corallines ou polypiers calcifères. Annales des sciences naturelles, Botanique, série 2, 18: 96-128.
23. DELOFFRE, R., POIGNANT, A.F. et TEHERANI, K., 1977. Algues calcaires de l'Albo-Aptien au Paléocène de l'Iran central. Bulletin des Centres de Recherche Exploration-Production Elf-Aquitaine, 1 (1):29-57.
24. ème série, 1: 637-652.
25. DRAGASTAN, O., RICHTER, D. K., KUBE, B., POPA, E., SÂRBU, A. and CIUGULEA, I., 1997. A new family of Paleo-Mesozoic calcareous green siphons-algae (Order Bryopsidales, Class Bryopsidophyceae, Phylum Siphonophyta). Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 29: 69-136.
26. DRAGASTAN, O. and RICHTER, D. K., 1999. Late Jurassic oolites from Acrocorinth (NE-Peloponesus): calcareous micro-algae as an exceptional paleoecologic indicator. Bochumer geologische und geotechnische Arbeiten, 53: 149-172.
27. DRAGASTAN, O., KUBE, B. and RICHTER, D. K., 2000. New Late Triassic calcareous algae from Hydra, Greece. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, 2 (1999): 139-156.
28. DRAGASTAN, O., LITTLER, D. S. and LITTLER, M. M., 2002. Recent vs. fossil Halimeda species of Angaur Island, Palau and adjacent western Pacific areas. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, Special Publication, No. 1: 1-20.
29. DRAGASTAN, O. and SOLIMAN, A. H., 2002. Paleogene calcareous algae from Egypt. Micropaleontology, 48: 1-30.
30. DRAGASTAN, O., LITTLER, D. S. and LITTLER, M. M., 2003. Fossil siphonaceous green algal diversity of Key Largo and Miami limestone formations - South Florida (part I). Analele Universitatii Bucuresti, Geologie, Special Publication, No. 1: 5-35.
31. DREW, E. A., 1995. Diversity of the green algal genus Halimeda in the Chagos Archipelago, central Indian Ocean. Aquatic Botany, 52: 143-150.
32. DREW, E. A. and ABEL, K. M., 1985. Biology, sedimentology and geography of the vast inter-reefal Halimeda meadows within the Great Barrier Reef province. Proceedings of the 5th International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti 1985, 5: 15-24.
33. DREW, E. A. and ABEL, K. M., 1988a. Studies on Halimeda. I. The distribution and species composition of Halimeda meadows throughout the Great Barrier Reef Province. Coral Reefs, 6: 195-205.
34. DREW, E. A. and ABEL, K. M., 1988b. Studies on Halimeda. II. Reproduction, particularly the seasonality of gametangia formation, in a number of species from the Great Barrier Reef Province. Coral Reefs, 6: 207-218.
35. ELLIOTT, G. F., 1955. Fossil calcareous algae from the Middle East. Micropaleontology, 1 (2): 125-130.
36. ème Série, 6: 789-795.
37. ELLIOTT, G. F., 1963. A Liassic Pycnoporidium (calcareous algae). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 56: 179-181.
38. ELLIOTT, G. F., 1965. The interrelationships of some Cretaceous Codiaceae (calcareous algae). Palaeontology, 8: 199-203.
39. ELLIOTT, G. F., 1968. Permian to Paleocene calcareous algae (Dasycladaceae) of the Middle East. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology, Supplement, 4: 1-111, 24 pls.
40. ELLIOTT, G. F., 1975. Transported algae as indicators of different marine habitats in the English Middle Jurassic. Palaeontology, 18: 351-366.
41. ELLIOTT, G. F., 1982. A new calcareous green alga from the Middle Jurassic of England. Palaeontology, 25: 431-437.
42. ELLIS, J., 1768. Extract of a letter from John Ellis Esquire, F. R. S. to Dr. Linneaus of Upsala, F. R. S. on the animal nature of the genus of zoophytes, called Corallina. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London, 57 (1): 404-427.
43. ELLIS, J. and SOLANDER, D., 1786. The Natural History of many curious uncommon zoophytes collected from various parts of the globe by John Ellis, systematically arranged and described by Daniel Solander. London, 208 pp.
44. EMBERGER, L., 1968. Les plantes dans leur rapports avec les vegetaux vivants. Paris: Masson et Cie, 758 p.
45. ENOS, P., 1977. Holocene sediment accumulations of the South Florida shelf margin. In: Enos, P. and Perkins, R.D., Eds. Quaternary sedimentation in South Florida. Geological Society of America, Memoir, 147: v+130 pp.
46. FELDMANN, J., 1946. Sur l'hétéroplastie de certaines Siphonales et leur classification. Compte Rendu Hebdomaire des Seances de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, 222: 752-753.
47. ème Congrès International de Botanique, Paris: 17: 96-98
48. FLAJS, G. (1977). Die Ultrastrukturen des Kalkalgenskeletts. Palaeontographica, (B), 160: 69-128.
49. FLÜGEL, E., 1975. Kalkalgen aus Riffkomplexen der alpin-mediterranen Obertrias. Verhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt Wien, 1974: 297-346.
50. FLÜGEL, E., 1988. Halimeda: paleontological record and palaeoenvironmental significance. Coral Reefs, 6:123-130.
51. FORNOS, J. J., FORTEZA, V., JAUME, C. and MARTINEZ-TABERNER, A., 1992. Present-day Halimeda carbonate sediments in temperate Mediterranean embayments: Fornells, Balearic Islands. Sedimentary Geology, 75: 283-293.
52. GARWOOD, E. J., 1913. The Lower Carboniferous succession in the northwest of England. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society London, 68: 449-586.
53. GARWOOD, E. J., 1914. Some new rock-building organisms of the Lower Carboniferous beds of Westmorland. Geological Magazine, 51: 265-271.
54. GAUTHIER, H. 1957. Contribution à l'étude géologique des formations post-liasiques des bassins du Dadès et du Haut Todra (Maroc méridional). Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc, No. 119: 212 pp.
55. GEYER, G. and HERBIG, H. G., 1988. New Eocene oysters and the final regression at the southern rim of the central High Atlas (Morocco). Geobios, 21: 663-691.
56. GINSBURG, R. N., 1956. Environmental relationships of grain size and constituent particles in some South Florida carbonate sediments. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 40: 2384-2427.
57. GHEERBRANT, E., CAPPETTA, H., FEIST, M., JAEGER, J.-J., SUDRE, J., VIANEY-LIAUD, M. and SIGÉ, B., 1993. La succession des faunes de vertébrés d'âge paléocènce supérieur et éocène inférieur dans le bassin d'Ouarzazate, Maroc. Contexte géologique, portée biostratigraphique et paléogeographique. Newsletter on Stratigraphy, 28: 33-58.
58. GHEERBRANT, E., SUDRE, J., SEN, S., ABRIAL, C., MARANDAT, B., SIGÉ, B. and VIANEY-LIAUD, M., 1998. Nouvelles données sur les mammiferes du Thanétien et de l'Yprésien du Bassin d'Ouarzazate (Maroc) et leur contexte stratigraphique. Palaeovertebrata, 27 (3/4): 155-202.
59. GOREAU, T. F. and GOREAU, N. I., 1973. The ecology of Jamaican coral reefs II. Geomorphology, zonation and sedimentary facies. Bulletin of Marine Science, 23: 399-464.
60. GOREAU, T. F. and GRAHAM, E. A., 1967. A new species of Halimeda from Jamaica. Bulletin of Marine Science, 17: 432-441.
61. GOULD, S. J. and ELDREGDE, N, 1977. Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. Paleobiology, 3: 115-151.
62. GRADSTEIN, F. M., OGG, J. G., SMITH, A. G., AGTERBERG, F. P., BLEEKER, W., COOPER, R. A., DAVYDOV, V., GIBBARD, P., HINNOV, L. A., HOUSE, M. R., LOURENS, L., LUTERBACHER, H. P., McARTHUR, J., MELCHIN, M. J., ROBB, L. J., SHERGOLD, J., VILLENEUVE, M., WARDLAW, B. R., ALI, J., BRINKHUIS, H., HILGEN, F. J., HOOKER, J., HOWARTH, R. J., KNOLL, A. H., LASKAR, J., MONECHI, S., PLUMB, K. A., POWELL, J., RAFFI, I., RÖHL, U., SADLER, P., SANFILIPPO, A., SCHMITZ, B., SHACKLETON, N. J., SHIELDS, G. A., STRAUSS, H., VAN DAM, J., VAN KOLFSCHOTEN, T., VEIZER, J., and WILSON, D., 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 589 pp.
63. HAQ, B. U., HARDENBOL, J. and VAIL, P. R., 1987. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science, 235: 1156-1167.
64. HERBIG, H. G., 1986. Lithostratigraphisch-fazielle Untersuchungen im marinen Altertertiär südlich des zentralen Hohen Atlas (Marokko). Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, (A), 66: 343-380.
65. HERBIG, H. G., 1987. The Paleogene of the Atlas System (Morocco): Facies control by eustacy and synsedimentary tectonics. - In: Matheis, G. and Schandelmeier, H., Eds., Current research in African Earth Sciences, 253-256. (Extended Abstracts, 14th Colloquium on African Earth Sciences, Berlin 1987). Rotterdam: Balkema.
66. HERBIG, H. G., 1988. The Upper Cretaceous to Tertiary hammada west of Errachidia (SE Morocco): a continental sequence involving paleosol development. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 176: 187-212.
67. HERBIG, H. G., 1991. Das Paläogen am Südrand des zentralen Hohen Atlas und im Mittleren Atlas Marokkos. Stratigraphie, Fazies, Paläogeographie und Paläotektonik. Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, (A), 135: 289 pp.
68. HERBIG, H.-G. and GREGOR, H.-J., 1992. The mangrove-forming palm Nypa from the early Paleogene of southern Morocco. Paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. Géologie mediterranéenne, 27, 2 (1990): 123-137.
69. HERBIG, H. G. and TRAPPE, J., 1994. Stratigraphy of the Subatlas Group (Maastrichtian - Middle Eocene, Morocco). Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 30: 125-165.
70. HERBIG, H.-G. and DRAGASTAN, O., 2005. Die Grünalge Halimeda aus dem südmarokkanischen Alttertiär - Beiträge zur Phylogenie und Paläoökologie eines lebendes Fossils. Berichte des Institutes für Erdwissenschaften, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, 10: 40-43.
71. HILLIS, L. (as HILLIS-COLINVAUX, L.), 1980. Ecology and taxonomy of Halimeda: primary producer of coral reefs. Advances in Marine Biology, 17: 1-327.
72. HILLIS, L. (as HILLIS-COLINVAUX, L.), 1984. Systematics of Siphonales. In: Irvine, D.E.G. and John, D.M., Eds., Systematics of the Green Algae, 271-296. Systematics Association, Special Volume, 27.
73. HILLIS, L. (as HILLIS-COLINVAUX, L.), 2000. Phylogeny of Halimeda (Bryopsidales): linking paleontological, morphological and molecular data. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, 2: 183-189.
74. HILLIS, L. (as HILLIS-COLINVAUX, L.), 2001. The calcareous reef alga Halimeda (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales): a Cretaceous genus that diversified in the Cenozoic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 166: 89-100.
75. HILLIS, W. L., ENGMAN, J. A. and KOOISTRA, W. H. C. F., 1998. Morphological and molecular phylogenies of Halimeda (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales) identify three evolutionary lineages. Journal of Phycology, 34: 669-681.
76. HINE, A. C., HALLOCK, P., HARRIS, M. W., MULLINS, H. T., BELKNAP, D. F. and JAAP, W. C., 1988. Halimeda bioherms along an open seaway: Miskito channel, Nicaraguan rise, SW Caribbean Sea. Coral Reefs, 6: 173-178.
77. HOWE, M. A., 1905. Phycological studies. I. New Chlorophyceae from Florida and Bahamas. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 32: 563-586.
78. HOWE, M. A., 1907. Phycological studies. III. Further notes on Halimeda and Avrainvillea. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 34: 491-516.
79. JOHNS, H. D. and MOORE, C. H. 1988. Reef to basin sediment transport using Halimeda as a sediment tracer, Grand Cayman Island, West Indies. Coral Reefs, 6: 187-193.
80. JOHNSON, J. H. 1968. Lower Cretaceous algae from Texas. Professional Contributions of the Colorado School of Mines, 4: 1-71.
81. KEMPER, E., MARONDE, H. D. and STOPPEL, D. 1976. Triassic and Jurassic limestone in the region northwest and west of Si Sawat (Kanchanaburi province, western Thailand. Geologisches Jahrbuch, (B), 21: 93-127.
82. KOOISTRA, W.H.C.F., 2002. Molecular phylogenies of Udoteaceae (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) reveal non-monophyly for Udotea, Penicillus and Chlorodesmis. Phycologia, 41: 453-462.
83. KOOISTRA, W. H. C. F., CALDERON, M. and HILLIS, L. W., 1999. Development of the extant diversity in Halimeda is linked to vicariant events. Hydrobiologia, 398/399: 39-45.
84. KOOISTRA, W. H. C. F., COPPEJANS, E. G. G. and PAYRI, C., 2002. Molecular systematics, historical ecology, and phylogeography of Halimeda (Bryopsidales). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 24: 121-138.
85. KUSS, J. and HERBIG, H. G., 1993. Biogeography, facies and taxonomy of Early Tertiary green algae from Egypt and Morocco. In: Barattolo, F., De Castro, P. and Parente, M., Eds. Studies on fossil benthic algae, 249-280. Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, Special Volume 1.
86. LAMOUROUX, J. V. F., 1812. Sur la classification des polypiers coralligènes non entièrement pierreux. Nouveaux Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societé philomatiques de Paris, 3: 181-188.
87. LAMOUROUX, J. V. F., 1816. Histoire des polypiers coralligenes flexibles, vulgairenommes zoophytes. Caen, 460 pp.
88. LEE, R. E. (1989). Phycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, xv + 645 pp.
89. LE MAITRE, D., 1937. Études paléontologiques sur le Lias du Maroc. Nouvelles recherches sur les spongiomorphides et les algues du Lias et de l'oolithe inférieure. Notes et Mémoires du Service géologique du Maroc, 43: 1-25.
90. LITTLER, D. S. and LITTLER, M. M., 1990. Systematics of Udeotea species (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) in tropical western Atlantic. Phycologia, 29: 206-252.
91. LITTLER, D. S. and LITTLER, M. M., 1992. Systematics of Avrainvillea (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) in tropical western Atlantic. Phycologia, 31: 206-252.
92. LITTLER, D. S. and LITTLER, M. M., 1997. An illustrated marine flora of the Pelican Cays, Belize. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 9: 1-149.
93. LITTLER, D. S. and LITTLER, M. M., 2000. Carribean reef plants: an identification guide to the reef plants of the Caribbean, Bahamas, Florida, and Gulf of Mexico. Washington D.C.: OffShore Graphics Inc., 542 pp.
94. LITTLER, D. S. and LITTLER, M. M., 2003. South Pacific Reef Plants: A divers guide to the plant life of South Pacific coral reefs. Washington, D.C.: OffShore Graphics Inc., 331 pp.
95. LITTLER, D. S., LITTLER, M. M., BUCHER, K. E. and NORRIS, J. N., 1989. Marine plants of the Caribbean. A field guide from Florida to Brazil. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 263 pp.
96. MACINTYRE, G. I. and REID R. P., 1995. Crystal alteration in a living calcareous alga (Halimeda): Implications for studies in skeletal diagenesis. Journal of Sedimentary Research, A65: 143-153.
97. MARSHALL, J. F. and DAVIES, J. P., 1988. Halimeda bioherms of the northern Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs, 6: 139-148.
98. MARTIN, J. M., BRAGA, J. C. and RIDING, R., 1997. Late Miocene Halimeda alga-microbial segment reefs in the marginal Mediterranean Sorbas Basin, Spain. Sedimentology, 44: 441-456.
99. ème partie, étude critique. Revue de Micropaléontologie, 9: 135-146.
100. MATTOX, R. K. AND STEWART, D. K., 1984. Classification fo the Green Algae: a concept based on comparative cytology. In: Irvine, D.E.G. and John, D.M., Eds. Systematics of the Green Algae, 29-72. Systematic Association Special Volume 27.
101. MICHARD, A., 1976. Eléments de géologie marocaine. Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc, 252: 1-408 pp.
102. MILLIMAN, J. D., 1974. Marine carbonates. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag, 375 pp.
103. ème serie, 22: 291-296.
104. MORELLET, L. 1940a. Les Dasycladacées et les Codiacées (algues vertes) du 'calcaire pisolitique'. Compte Rendu Sommaire des Séances, Société Géologique de France, 1940: 116-118.
105. ème Série, 10: 201-206.
106. MORET, L. 1931. Recherches géologiques dans l'Atlas de Marrakech. Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc, No. 18 [= Travaux du Laboratoire de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université de Grenoble, 16 (1)]: 262 pp.
107. MORET, L., 1938. Contribution à la paléontologie des couches crétacées et éocènes du versant sud de l'Atlas de Marrakech (Maroc). Notes et Mémoires, Service des Mines et de la Carte Géologique du Maroc, No. 49: 77 pp.
108. MOHR, B. and FECHNER, G. 1986. Eine eozäne Mikroflora (Sporomorphae und Dinoflagellaten-Zysten) aus der Südatlas-Randzone westlich Boumalne du Dadès (Marokko). Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, (A), 66: 381-414.
109. MU, X., 1991. Fossil Udoteaceae and Gymnocodiaceae. In: Riding, R., Ed. Calcareous algae and stromatolites. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer Verlag, 146-166.
110. NEUMANN, A. C. and LAND, L. S., 1975. Lime mud deposition and calcareous algae in the Bight of Abaco, Bahamas: a budget. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 45: 763-786.
111. ORME, G. R. and SALAMA, M. S. 1988. Form and seismic stratigraphy of Halimeda banks in part of the northern Great Barrier Reef Province. Coral Reefs, 6: 131-137.
112. PAL, A. K., 1971. On the algal genera Arabicodium, Boueina and Halimeda (Codiacean algae) in the Bagh Group of Madhya Pradesh. Quarterly Journal of the Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Society of India, 43: 131-140.
113. PFENDER, J., 1940. Les algues du Numulitique égyptien et des terrains crétacés-éocènes de quelques regions mésogéenes. Bulletin de la Institute d' Egypte, 22: 225-250.
114. PFENDER, J. and MASSIEUX, M., 1966. Les algues du Nummulitique égyptien des terrains crétacés-éocènes des quelques régions mésogeennes (prèmiere partie). Revue de Micropaléontologie, 9: 111-132.
115. PIA, J., 1927. Thallophyta. In: Hirmer, E., Ed. Handbuch der Paläobotanik. München-Berlin: Oldenbourg Verlag, 31-136.
116. PIA, J., 1932. Remarques sur les algues calcaires. In: Pia, J., Pfender, J. and Termier, H., Etudes géologique sur les calcaires de Bekrit et Timhadit (Moyen Atlas). Notes et Mémoires, Service des Mines et de la Carte Géologique du Maroc, 20: 1-19.
117. PONCET, J., 1989. Présence du genre Halimeda Lamouroux, 1812 (algue verte calcaire) dans le Permian supérieur du sud Tunisien. Revue de Micropaléontologie, 32: 40-44.
118. RADOICIC, R., 1990. Paleogene Dasycladacean algae from subsurface of the western Iraqi desert. Bulletin de l'Académie Serbe des Sciences et des Arts, Classe de Sciences Mathématiques et Naturelles, Sciences Naturelles, 32: 91-103.
119. RADOICIC, R., 1992. Paleocenska Mikroflora kreènajka Kamenjaka, SI Majevica (èetvrta Biljeska). Radovi Geoinstituta Beograd (Proceedings of Geoinstitute Belgrade), 26: 201-230.
120. RADOICIC, R., 1998. Halimeda elliotti Conard and Rioult 1977, (Udoteacea, green algae) from the Kukes Cretaceous Unit (Mirdita Zone). Glasnik Prirodnjackog Muzeja u Beogradu, Serija A, Geoloske nauke (Bulletin of Natural History Museum in Belgrade, Serial A, Geological Sciences) 47-50 (1992-1998): 181-188.
121. RAHHALI, I., 1970. Foraminifères benthoniques et pélagiques du Crétacé supérieur du synclinal d'El-Koubbat (Moyen Atlas - Maroc). Notes du Service Géologique du Maroc, 30: 51-98.
122. ROBERTS, H.H., PHIPPS, C.V. and EFFENDI, L. 1987. Halimeda bioherms of the eastern Java Sea, Indonesia. Geology, 15: 371-374.
123. ROBERTS, H. H., AHARON, P. and PHIPPS, C. V. 1988. Morphology and sedimentology of Halimeda bioherms from the eastern Java Sea (Indonesia). Coral Reefs, 6: 161-172.
124. ROCH, E., 1939. Description géologique des montagnes à l'Est de Marrakech. Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc, No. 51: 438 pp.
125. ROTHPLETZ, A., 1913. Über die Kalkalgen, Spongiostromen und einige andere Fossilien aus dem Obersilur Gotlands. Sveriges Geologiske Undersökning, 10: 57 pp.
126. ROUND, E. F., 1963. The taxonomy of the Chlorophyta. British Phycological Bulletin, 2: 224-235.
127. ROUND, E. F., 1984. The systematics of Chlorophyta: A historical review leading to some modern concepts (Taxonomy of the Chlorophyta III). In: Irvine, D. E. G. and John, D. M., Eds., Systematics of the Green Algae, 1-27. Systematic Association Special Volume 27.
128. SALVAN, H. 1960. Les phosphates de chaux sédimentaires du Maroc. Leurs caractéristiques et leurs problèmes (Essai de synthèse). Notes Marocaines, Societé de Géographie du Maroc, 14: 7-20.
129. SEGONZAC, G., 1979. Algues calcaires du Thanétien d'Esperanza (Aude). (Dasycladacées, Corallinacées). Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, 115 (3-4): 439-463.
130. SEGONZAC, G., PEYBERNÉS, B. and RAHHALI, I., 1986. Les algues du 'Calcaire rosé de Timahdite' (Eocène inférieur) dans le Moyen-Atlas (Maroc): description d'Halimeda nana Pia, 1932, dans sa localité-type et son paléoenvironnement. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 5: 501-507.
131. SHUYSKI, V. P., 1987. Zelenie Vodorosli (Chlorophyta). In: Chuvashov, B. I., Ed., Iskopaemie izvestkoviie vodorosli: 38-108.
132. SILVA, P.S., 1980. Names of classes and families of living algae with special reference to their use in the Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Regnum Vegetabile, 103: 1-156.
133. SILVA, P.S., 1982. Chlorophyceae. In: Parker, S.P., Ed. Synopsis and classification of living organisms, Vol. 1, 133-161. New York: McGraw-Hill.
134. SILVA, P. S., BASSON, P. W. and MOE, R. L., 1996. Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. University of California Publications in Botany, 79: 1259 pp.
135. SIMMONS, M. D. and JOHNSTON, M. J., 1991. Permocalculus iagifuensis sp. nov.: a new Miocene gymnocodiacean alga from Papua-New Guinea. [i Journal of Micropaleontology, 9: 238-244.
136. STEINMANN, G. 1899. d̈Uber Boueina, eine fossile Alge aus der Familie der Codiaceen. Berichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Freiburg, 11: 62-72.
137. TAPPAN, H. 1980. The paleobiology of plant protists. San Fransisco: W.H. Freeman and Co, 1028 pp.
138. TAYLOR, W. R., 1950. Plants of Bikini and other northern Marshall Islands. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, xv+227 pp.
139. TAYLOR, W. R., 1960. Marine algae of the eastern tropical and subtropical coasts of the Americas. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, xi+870 pp.
140. TRAGELEHN, H., 1996. "Maastricht und Paläozän am Südrand der Nördlichen Kalkalpen (Niederösterreich, Steiermark) - Fazies, Stratigraphie, Paläogeographie, und Fossilführung des Kambühelkalkes und assoziierter Sedimente." Dissertation, Universität Erlangen. Vol. I: 1-216, Vol. II: pls. 1-67.
141. TRAPPE, J., 1989. "Das marine Alttertiär im westlichen Hohen Atlas. Mikrofazies, Paläogeographie, Phosphoritgenese." Dissertation, Universität Bonn: 219 pp.
142. TRAPPE, J., 1991. Stratigraphy, facies distribution and paleogeography of the marine Paleogene from the western High Atlas, Morocco. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 180: 279-321.
143. TRAPPE, J., 1992. Microfacies zonation and spatial evolution of a carbonate ramp: marginal Moroccan phosphate sea during the Paleogene. Geologische Rundschau, 81: 105-126.
144. VERBRUGGEN, H. and KOOISTRA, W. H. C. F., 2004. Morphological characterization of lineages within the calcified tropical seaweed genus Halimeda (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta). European Journal of Phycology, 39: 213-228.
145. VERBRUGGEN, H., DE CLERCK, O., COCQUYT, E., KOOISTRA, W. H. C. F. and COPPEJANS, E. 2005a. Morphometric taxonomy of siphonous green algae: a methodological study within the genus Halimeda (Bryopsidales). Journal of Phycology, 41: 126-139.
146. VERBRUGGEN, H., DE CLERCK, O., KOOISTRA, W. H. C. F. and COPPEJANS, E., 2005b. Molecular and morphometric data pinpoint species boundaries in Halimeda Section Rhipsalis (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta). Journal of Phycology, 41: 606-621.
147. WRAY, J. L., 1977. Calcareous Algae. Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, 4: 1-185.
148. YU-JING, W., 1976. Calcareous algae from the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments in the Mount Jolmo Lungma region. Palaeontology II. Tibetan scientific team. A report of scientific expedition in the Mount Jolmo Lungma (1966-1968), 425-457. Academia Sinica, Beijing: Science Press.
149. ZYLKA, R. and JACOBSHAGEN, V., 1986. Zur strukturellen Entwicklung am Südrand des zentralen Hohen Atlas (Marokko). Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, (A), 66: 415-432.