Reaction weakening and emplacement of crystalline thrusts: Diffusion control on reaction rate and strain rate

Journal of Structural Geology

Volumn 29, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 1301-1314

  O'Hara, Kieran ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

Phyllonite; Pore fluid diffusion; Southern Appalachians; Strain softening

Indexed keywords

PHYLLONITE; PORE FLUID DIFFUSION; STRAIN SOFTENING;

CRYSTALLIZATION; DIFFUSION; FELDSPAR; SHEAR STRAIN; STRAIN RATE; TECTONICS;

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

CRYSTALLINITY; DIFFUSION; EMPLACEMENT; FELDSPAR; MICA; PALEOZOIC; PHYLLONITE; PRECAMBRIAN; REACTION RATE; SHEAR STRAIN; STRAIN RATE; THRUST;

APPALACHIANS; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 34547705993     PISSN: 01918141     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2007.04.004     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Armstrong R.L., and Dick H.J.B. A model for the development of thin overthrust sheets of crystalline rock. Geology 1 (1974) 35-40
2. Atkinson B.K. Introduction to fracture mechanics and its geophysical applications. In: Atkinson B.K. (Ed). Fracture Mechanics of Rock (1987), Academic Press 1-23
3. Atkinson B.K., and Meredith P.G. Experimental fracture mechanics data for rocks and minerals. In: Atkinson B.K. (Ed). Fracture Mechanics of Rock (1987), Academic Press 477-527
4. Bailey C.M. Heterogeneous strain in granitic mylonites from the Rockfish valley fault, central Virginia. Journal of Geodynamics 19 (1995) 177-194
5. Boyer S., and Elliott D. Thrust systems. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 66 (1982) 1196-1230
6. Brace W.F., and Kohlstedt D.L. Limits on lithospheric stress imposed by laboratory experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research 85 (1980) 6248-6252
7. Bryant, B., 1966. Formation of Phyllonites in the Grandfather Mountain Window Area, Northwestern North Carolina. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 615.
8. Byerlee J.D. Friction of rocks. Pure and Applied Geophysics 116 (1978) 615-626
9. Carter N.L., and Tsenn M.C. Flow properties of continental lithosphere. Tectonophysics 136 (1987) 27-63
10. Cattanach B.L., and Merschat C.E. An overview of the Mesoproterozoic basement complex on the west half of the Ashville 1:100,000 scale geologic map. In: Hatcher Jr. R.D., and Merschat A.J. (Eds). Blue Ridge Geology Geotraverse East of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina. Carolina Geological Society Annual Field Trip Guide (2005) 25-32
11. Cook F.A., Albough D.S., Brown L.D., Kaufman S., and Oliver J.E. Thin-skinned tectonics in the crystalline southern Appalachians; COCORP seismic-reflection profiling of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont. Geology 7 (1979) 563-567
12. Deer W.A., Howie R.A., and Zussman J. An Introduction to the Rock-forming Minerals. second ed. (1992), Longman 696 pp
13. Dixon J., and Williams G. Reaction softening in mylonites from the Arnaboll thrust, Sutherland. Scottish Journal of Geology 19 (1983) 157-168
14. Dudziak K.H., and Franck E.U. Messungen der viskosität des wassers bis 560 °C und 3500 bar. Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft Phys. Chem. 70 (1966) 1120-1128
15. Emsley J. The Elements. third ed. (1998), Oxford Press 293 pp
16. Evans J.P. Textures, deformation mechanisms and the role of fluids in the cataclastic deformation of granitic rocks. In: Knipe R.J., and Rutter E.H. (Eds). Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications (1990) 29-39
17. Farver J.R., and Yund R.A. Oxygen bulk diffusion measurements and TEM characterization of a natural ultramylonite: implications for fluid transport in mica-bearing rocks. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 17 (1999) 669-683
18. Fischer G.J., and Paterson M.S. Dilatancy during deformation of rocks at high temperatures and pressures. Journal of Geophysical Research 94 (1989) 17,607-17,617
19. Goldberg S.A., and Dallmeyer R.D. Chronology of Paleozoic metamorphism and deformation in the Blue Ridge thrust complex, North Carolina and Tennessee. American Journal of Science 297 (1997) 488-526
20. Green H.W. "Pressure solution" creep: some causes and mechanisms. Journal of Geophysical Research 89 (1984) 4313-4318
21. Gueydan F., Leroy Y.M., Jolivet L., and Agard P. Analysis of continental midcrustal strain localization induced by microfracturing and reaction softening. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (2003) 10.1029/2001JB000611
22. Hatcher Jr. R.D., Merschat A.J., and Thigpen J.R. Blue Ridge primer. In: Hatcher Jr. R.D., and Merschat A.J. (Eds). Blue Ridge Geology Geotraverse East of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, West North Carolina. Carolina Geological Society Annual Field Trip Guide (2005) 1-24
23. Hatcher Jr. R.D., and Hooper R.J. Evolution of crystalline thrust sheets in the internal parts of mountain belts. In: McClay K.R. (Ed). Thrust Tectonics (1992), Chapman and Hall, London 217-233
24. 2O. American Journal of Science 257 (1959) 241-270
25. Hippertt J.F., and Massucatto A.J. Phyllonitization and development of kilometer-size extension gashes in a continental-scale strike-slip shear zone, north Goiás, Central Brazil. Journal of Structural Geology 20 (1998) 433-445
26. Imber J., Holdsworth R.E., and Butler C.A. A reappraisal of the Sibson-Scholz fault zone model: the nature of the frictional to viscous transition along a long-lived crustal scale fault, Outer Hebirdes, Scotland. Tectonics 20 (2001) 601-624
27. Janecke S.U., and Evans J.P. Feldspar-influenced rock rheologies. Geology 16 (1988) 1064-1067
28. Jefferies S.P., Holdsworth R.E., Wibberley C.A.J., Shimamoto T., Spiers C.J., Niemeijer A.R., and Lloyd G.E. The nature and importance of phyllonite development in crustal-scale fault cores: an example from the Median Tectonic Line, Japan. Journal of Structural Geology 28 (2006) 220-235
29. Knapp R.B. Spatial and temporal scales of local equilibrium in dynamic fluid-rock systems. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53 (1989) 1955-1964
30. Kronenberg A.K., Kirby S.H., and Pinkston J. Basal slip and mechanical anisotropy of biotite. Journal of Geophysical Research 95 (1990) 19257-19278
31. Lasaga A.C. Kinetic Theory in the Earth Sciences (1997), Princeton Series in Geochemistry, New Jersey 809 pp
32. Laubscher H.P. Detachment, shear and compression in the Central Alps. In: Hatcher Jr. R.D., Williams H., and Zietz I. (Eds). Contributions to the Tectonics and Geophysics of Mountain Chains. Geological Society America Memoir vol. 158 (1983) 191-211
33. Mariani E., Brodie K.H., and Rutter E.H. Experimental deformation of muscovite shear zones at high temperatures under hydrothermal conditions and the strength of phyllosilicate-bearing faults in nature. Journal of Structural Geology 28 (2006) 1569-1587
34. Nagy K.L., and Parmentier E.M. Oxygen isotopic exchange at an igneous contact. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 59 (1982) 1-10
35. Newman J., and Mitra G. Lateral variations in mylonite zone thickness as influenced by fluid-rock interactions, Linville Falls fault, North Carolina. Journal of Structural Geology 15 (1993) 849-863
36. Neretnieks I. Diffusion in the rock matrix: an important factor in radionuclide retardation. Journal of Geophysical Research 85 (1980) 4379-4397
37. Niemeijer A.R., and Spiers C.P. Influence of phyllosilicates on fault strength in the brittle-ductile transition: insights from rock analogue experiments. In: Bruhn D., and Burlini L. (Eds). High Strain Zones, Structure and Physical Properties. Geological Society, London, Special Publications vol. 245 (2005) 303-327
38. Norton D., and Knapp R. Transport phenomena in hydrothermal systems: the nature of porosity. American Journal of Science 277 (1977) 913-936
39. Oelkers E.H., and Helgeson H.C. Calculation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous species at high pressures and temperatures: aqueous tracer diffusion coefficients of ions at 1000 °C and 5 kb. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52 (1988) 63-85
40. O'Hara K. Fluid flow and volume loss during mylonitization: an origin for phyllonite in an overthrust setting. Tectonophysics 156 (1988) 21-34
41. O'Hara K. State of strain in mylonites from the western Blue Ridge province, southern Appalachians: the role of volume loss. Journal of Structural Geology 12 (1990) 419-430
42. O'Hara K. Fluid-rock interaction in crustal shear zones: a directed percolation approach. Geology 22 (1994) 843-846
43. O'Hara K., Kirschner D.L., and Moecher D.P. Petrologic constraints on the source of fluid during mylonitization in the Blue Ridge province, North Carolina and Virginia, USA. Journal of Geodynamics 19 (1995) 271-287
44. O'Hara K., Sharp Z.D., Moecher D.P., and Jenkin G.R. The effect of deformation on oxygen isotope exchange in quartz and feldspar and the significance of isotopic temperatures in mylonites. Journal of Geology 105 (1997) 193-204
45. O'Hara, K., in press. Coupled deformation and reaction softening processes: retrograde shear zones in the Rosslare complex, SE Ireland. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences.
46. Paterson M.S., and Luan F.C. Quartzite rheology under geological conditions. In: Knipe R.J., and Rutter E.H. (Eds). Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications (1990) 299-307
47. Pfiffner O.A., and Ramsay J.G. Constraints on geological strain rates: arguments from finite strain states of naturally deformed rocks. Journal of Geophysical Research 87 (1982) 311-321
48. Rast N., and Kohles K. In: Woodward N.B. (Ed). Valley and Ridge thrust belt: balanced structural sections, Pennsylvania to Alabama. Studies in Geology vol. 12 (1985), Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates, University of Tennessee 38
49. Rubie D.C., and Thompson A.B. Kinetics of metamorphic reactions at elevated temperatures and pressures: an appraisal of available experimental data. In: Thompson A.B., and Rubie D.C. (Eds). Metamorphic Reactions. Advances in Physical Geochemistry 4 (1985) 27-71
50. Schedl A., McCabe G., Montanez I.P., Fullagar P.D., and Valley J.W. Alleghanian regional diagenesis: a response to the migration of modified metamorphic fluids derived from beneath the Blue Ridge-Piedmont thrust sheet. Journal of Geology 100 (1992) 339-352
51. Shea W.T., and Kronenberg A.K. Rheology and deformation mechanisms of an isotropic mica schist. Journal of Geophysical Research 97 (1992) 15201-15237
52. Simpson C., and Kalaghan T. Late Precambrian crustal extension preserved in the Fries fault zone mylonites, southern Appalachians. Geology 17 (1989) 148-151
53. Sinha A.K., Hewitt D.A., and Rimstidt J.D. Metamorphic petrology and strontium isotope geochemistry associated with the development of mylonites: an example from the Brevard fault zone, North Carolina. American Journal of Science 288 (1988) 115-147
54. van Brakel J., and Heertjes P.M. Analysis of diffusion in macroporous media in terms of a porosity, a tortuosity and a constrictivity factor. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 17 (1974) 1093-1103
55. Walther J.V., and Wood B.J. Rate and mechanism in prograde metamorphism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 88 (1984) 246-259
56. Wibberley C. Are feldspar-to-mica reactions necessarily reaction-softening processes in fault zones. Journal of Structural Geology 21 (1999) 1219-1227
57. Wibberley C. Initiation of basement thrust detachments by fault-zone weakening. In: Bruhn D., and Burlini L. (Eds). High Strain Zones, Structure and Physical Properties. Geological Society, London, Special Publications vol. 245 (2005) 347-372
58. Wintsch R.P., Christoffersen R., and Kronenberg A.K. Fluid-rock reaction weakening of fault zones. Journal of Geophysical Research 100 (1995) 13,021-13,032
59. Wood B.J., and Walther J.V. Rates of hydrothermal reactions. Science 222 (1983) 413-415
60. Woodward N.B., and Gray D.R. In: Woodward N.B. (Ed). Valley and Ridge Thrust Belt: Balanced Structural Sections, Pennsylvania to Alabama. Studies in Geology vol. 12 (1985), Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates, University of Tennessee 40