A reassessment of the Holocene stratigraphy of the Wadi Hasa Terrace and Hasa formation, Jordan

Geoarchaeology

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 559-588

  Schuldenrein, Joseph ^a  

^a Geoarcheology Research Associates   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCRETION; ALLUVIAL DEPOSIT; ALLUVIAL PLAIN; ASSESSMENT METHOD; CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY; GEOCHEMISTRY; HOLOCENE; LANDFORM EVOLUTION; RADIOCARBON DATING; SEDIMENTOLOGY; STRATIGRAPHY; TERRACE;

JORDAN; LEVANT; MEDITERRANEAN REGION;

EID: 34547683494     PISSN: 08836353     EISSN: 15206548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/gea.20174     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (88)

1. Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon A., & Kauffman, A. (1997). Late Quaternary paleoclimate in the Eastern Mediterranean region from stable isotope analysis of speleothems at Soreq Cave, Israel. Quaternary Research, 47, 155-168.
2. Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A., & Kaufman, A. (1998). Middle to late Holocene (6500 yr. period) paleoclimate in the Eastern Mediterranean region from stable isotopic composition of speleothems from Soreq Cave, Israel. In A. Issar, N. Brown, & Z. Shilony (Eds.), Water, environment, and society in times of climatic change (pp. 203-214). New York: Kluwer Press.
3. Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A., Kaufman, A., & Wasserburg, G.J. (1999). The Eastern Mediterranean paleoclimate as a reflection of regional events: Soreq Cave, Israel. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 166, 85-95.
4. Bartov, Y., Mordechai, S., Enzel, Y., Agnon, A., & Reches, Z. (2002). Lake levels and sequence stratigraphy of Lake Lisan, the Late Pleistocene precursor of the Dead Sea. Quaternary Research, 57, 9-21.
5. Baruch, U. (1986). The late Holocene vegetational history of Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel. Paléorient, 12, 37-48.
6. Baruch, U. (1989). Palynological evidence of human impact on the vegetation as recorded in late Holocene lake sediments in Israel. In S. Bottema, G. Entjes-Nieborg, & W. Van Zeist (Eds.), Man's role in shaping of the eastern Mediterranean landscape (pp. 283-293). Rotterdam: Balkema.
7. Baruch, U., & Bottema, S. (1999). A new pollen diagram from Lake Hula: Vegetational, climatic and anthropogenic implications. In H. Kawanabe, G.W. Coulter, & A.C. Roosevelt (Eds.), Ancient lakes: Their cultural and biological diversity (pp. 75-86). Belgium: Kenobi.
8. Bar Yosef, O. (1980). A figurine from a Khiamian site in the lower Jordan Valley. Paléorient, 12, 37-48.
9. Bar Yosef, O., Goldberg, P., & Leveson, T. (1974). Late Quarternary stratigraphy and prehistory of Wadi Fazael, Jordan Valley: A preliminary report. Paléorient, 2, 415-428.
10. Begin, Z. B., Broecker, W., Buchbinder, B., Druckman, Y., Kaufman, A., Magaritz, M., & Neev, D. (1985). Dead Sea and Lake Lisan levels in the last 30,000 years: a preliminary report. Geological Survey of Israel Report 29/85. Jerusalem.
11. Begin, Z. B., Ehrlich, A., & Nathan, Y. (1974). Lake Lisan: the Pleistocene precursor of the Dead Sea. Geological Survey of Israel Bulletin 63, 1-30.
12. Bender, F. (1968). Geologie von Jordanien. Beiträgen zur regionalen Geologie der Erde, 7. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger.
13. Birkeland, P. (1999). Soils and geomorphology. New York: Oxford University Press.
14. Bookman, R., Enzel, Y., Agnon, A., & Stein, M. (2004). Late Holocene lake levels of the Dead Sea. Geological Society of America Bulletin 116, 555-571.
15. Bookman, R., Bartov, Y., Enzel, Y., & Stein, M. (in press). Quaternary lake levels in the Dead Sea Basin: Two centuries of research.
16. Bossut, P., Kafafi, Z., & Dollfus, G. (1988). Khirbet ed-Dharih (Survey Site 49/WHS 524), un nouveau gisement Néolithique avec ceramic du Sud-Jordanien. Paléorient, 14, 127-131.
17. Bruins, H.J. (1994). Comparative chronology of climate and human history in the Southern Levant from the Late Chalcolithic to the Early Arab period. In O. Bar Yosef & R.S. Kra (Eds.), Late Quaternary chronology and paleoclimates of the Eastern Mediterranean (pp. 301-314). Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.
18. Bull, W.B. (1988). Floods, degradation, and aggradation. In V.R. Baker, R.C. Kochel, & P.C. Patton (Eds.), Flood geomorphology (pp. 157-168). New York: Wiley-Interscience.
19. Clark, G.A. (1984). The Negev model for paleoclimatic change and human adaptation in the Levant and its relevance for the Paleolithic of the Wadi el Hasa, west-central Jordan. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 31, 19-77.
20. Coinman, N.R. (1998). The Archaeology of the Wadi Al-Hasa, West Central Jordan, vol. 1. Anthropological Research Papers No. 50. Tempe, AZ: Arizona State University.
21. Copeland, L., & Vita-Finzi, C. (1978). Archaeological dating of geological deposits in Jordan. Levant, 10, 10-25.
22. Cordova, C.E., Foley, C., Nowell, A., & Bisson, M. (2005). Landforms, sediments, soil development, and prehistoric site settings on the Madaba-Dhiban plateau, Jordan. Geoarchaeology, 20, 29-56.
23. Dean, W. E. Jr. (1974). Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: Comparison with other methods. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 44, 242-248.
24. deMenocal, P.B. (2001). Cultural responses to climate change during the Late Holocene. Science, 292, 667-673.
25. Donahue, J. (1981). Geologic investigations at Early Bronze sites. In W.E. Rast and R.T. Schaub (Eds.), An interim report of the 1977 season: The southeastern Dead Sea Plain expedition. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 46, 137-154.
26. Donahue, J. (1985). Hydrologic and topographic change during and after the Early Bronze occupation at Bab edh-Drah and Numeira. In A. Hadidi (Ed.), Studies in the history and archaeology of Jordan II, vol. 2. (pp. 131-140). Amman: Department of Antiquities.
27. Donahue, J., & Beynon, D. (1988). Geologic history of the Wadi el Hasa survey area. In B. MacDonald (Ed.), The Wadi el Hasa Archaeological Survey 1979-1983, West-Central Jordan (pp. 26-39). Waterloo, ON: Wilfred Laurier University Press.
28. Donahue, J., Peer, B., & Shaub, R.T. (1997). The southeastern Dead Sea plain: Changing shorelines and their impact on settlement patterns through historical periods. In G. Bisheh, M. Zaghloul, & I. Kehrberg (Eds.), Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan VI: Landscape Resources and Human Occupation in Jordan Throughout the Ages (pp. 127-136). Amman: Department of Antiquities.
29. Falconer, S.E., & Fall, P.L. (1995). Human impacts on the environment during the rise and collapse of civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean. In D. W. Steadman & J.I. Mead (Eds.), Late Quaternary environments and deep History: A tribute to Paul S. Martin, vol. 3 (pp. 84-101). Hot Springs: The Mammoth Site of Hot Springs. Hot Springs, SD: Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, South Dakota, Inc.
30. Ferring, C.R. (1992). Alluvial pedology and geoarcheological research. In V. Holliday (Ed.), Soils in Archeology (pp. 1-39). Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
31. Ferring, C.R. (2001). Geoarchaeology in alluvial landscapes. In P. Goldberg, V.T. Holliday, & C.R. Ferring (Eds.), Earth sciences and archaeology (pp.77-106). New York: Kluwer Academic.
32. Folk, R.L. (1974). Petrology of sedimentary rocks. Austin, TX: Hemphill Publishing Co.
33. Frumkin, A. (1997). The Holocene history of Dead Sea levels. In T.M. Niemi, Z. Ben-Avraham, & J.R. Gat (Eds.), The Dead Sea, the lake and its setting. Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics (pp. 237-248). New York: Oxford University Press.
34. Frumkin, A., Kadan, G., Enzel, Y., & Eyal, Y. (2001). Radiocarbon chronology of the Holocene Dead Sea: Attempting a regional correlation. Radiocarbon 43, 1179-1189.
35. Friedman, G.M., & Sanders, J.E. (1978). Principles of sedimentology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
36. Gee, G. W., & Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle-size analysis. In A. Klute (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis, pt. 1 (pp. 383-411). Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America.
37. Gelb, I.J. (1986). Ebla and Lagash: Environmental contrast. In H. Weiss (Ed.), The origins of cities in dry-farming Mesopotamia in the third Millennium B.C. (pp. 157-167). Guilford, CT: Four Quarters.
38. Gerson, R., & Amit, R. (1987). Rates and modes of dust accretion and deposition in an arid region: The Negev, Israel. In L. Frostick & I. Reid (Eds.), Desert sediments: ancient and modern (pp. 157-169). Geological Society Special Publication No. 35.
39. Goldberg, P. (1994). Interpreting Late Quaternary continental sequences in Israel. In O. Bar-Yosef & R. Kra (Eds.), Late Quaternary chronology and paleoclimates of the Eastern Mediterranean (pp. 89-102), Special Volume of Radiocarbon. Tucson: University of Arizona.
40. Goldberg, P., & Bar-Yosef, O. (1990). The effect of man on geomorphological processes based upon the evidence from the Levant and adjacent Areas. In S. Bottema, G. Entjes-Nieborg, & W. van Zeist (Eds.), Man's role in the shaping of the Eastern Mediterranean Landscape (pp. 71-86). Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema Publishers.
41. Goldberg, P., & Rosen, A.M. (1987). Early Holocene paleoenvironments of Israel. In T.E. Levy (Ed.), Shiqmim I, studies concerning Chalcolithic societies in the northern Negev, Desert, Israel (1982-1984). BAR, International Series, 356. (pp. 22-33). Oxford: British Archeological Reports.
42. Goodfriend, G.A. (1991). Holocene trends in 180 inland snail shells from the Negev Desert and their implications for changes in rainfall source areas. Quaternary Research, 35, 417-426.
43. Goodfriend, G.A. (1999). Terrestrial stable isotope records of Late Quaternary paleoclimates in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Quaternary Science Reviews, 18, 501-513.
44. Goodfriend, G.A., & Magaritz, M. (1987). Carbon and oxygen isotope composition of shell carbonate of desert land snails. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 86, 377-388.
45. Hazan, N., Stein, M., Agnon, A., Marco, S., Nadel, D., Negendank, J.F.W., Schwab, M.J., & D. Neev (2005). The late Quaternary limnological history of the Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel. Quaternary Research, 63, 60-77.
46. Head, K.H. (1980). Manual of soil laboratory testing. London: Pentech Press.
47. Hill, J.B. (2000). Decision making at the margins: Settlement trends, temporal scale, and ecology in the Wadi al Hasa, West-Central Jordan. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 19, 221-241.
48. Hill, J.B. (2002). Land use and land abandonment: A case study from the Wadi al-Hasa, West Central Jordan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
49. Hill, J.B. (2004). Land use and an archaeological perspective on socio-natural studies in the Wadi al-Hasa, West-Central Jordan. American Antiquity, 69, 389-412.
50. Holliday, V. (1985) Archaeological geology of the Lubbock Lake site, Southern High Plains of Texas. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 96, 1483-1492.
51. Holliday, V. (1988). Genesis of a Late Holocene soil chronosequence at the Lubbock Lake archaeological site, Texas. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 78, 594-610.
52. Karcz, I., Kafri, U., & Meshel, Z. (1977). Archaeological evidence for subrecent seismic activity along the Dead Sea-Jordan Rift. Nature, 269, 234-235.
53. Kaufman, A.,Yechieli, Y, & Gardosh, M. (1992). Reevaluation of the lake-sediment chronology in the Dead Sea Basin, Israel, based on new 230Th/U dates. Quaternary Research, 38, 292-304.
54. Lewin, J., Macklin, M.G., & Woodward, J.C. (Eds.) (1995). Mediterranean Quaternary river environments. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema Publishers.
55. MacDonald, B. (1988). The Wadi el Hasa archaeological survey 1979-1983, West-Central Jordan. Waterloo, CT: Wilfred Laurier University Press.
56. Mabry, J. (1992). Alluvial cycles and early agricultural settlement phases in the Jordan Valley. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
57. Macumber, R G., & Head, M. J. (1991). Implications of the Wadi al-Hammeh sequences for the terminal drying of Lake Lisan, Jordan. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, and Palaeoecology, 84, 163-173.
58. Mandel, R.D., & Bettis III, E.A. (2001). Use and analysis of soils by archaeologists and geoscientists: A north American perspective. In R Goldberg, V.T. Holliday, & C.R. Ferring (Eds.), Earth Sciences and Archaeology (pp. 173-204). New York: kluwer Academic.
59. Martin, C.W., & Johnson, W.C. (1995). Variation in radiocarbon ages of soil organic matter fractions from Late Quaternary buried soils. Quaternary Research, 43, 232-237.
60. Mayewski, P.A., Rohling, E.E., Stager, J.C., Karlen, W, Maasch, KA., Meeker, L.D., Meyerson, E.A., Gasse, F., van Kreveld, S., Holmgren, K., Lee-Thorp, J., Rosqvist, G., Rack, F., Stuabwasser, M., Schneider, R.R., & Steig, E.J. (2004). Holocene climate variability. Quaternary Research, 62, 243-255.
61. Migowski, C., Agnon, A., Ken-Tor, R., Negendank, J.F.W., & Stein, M. (2004). Recurrence pattern of Holocene earthquakes along the Dead Sea transform revealed by varve-counting and radiocarbon dating of lacustrine sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 222, 301-314.
62. Moumani, K.A. (1996). Quarternary sediments of the Jurf Ed Darawich area, Central Jordan. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Wales, Aberystwyth.
63. NACSN (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature) (1983). North American stratigraphic code. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 67, 841-875.
64. Niemi, T.M., & Ben-Avraham, Z. (1997). Active tectonics in the Dead Sea Basin. In T.M. Niemi, Z. Ben-Avraham, & J.R. Gat (Eds.). The Dead Sea: The lake and its setting. Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics No. 36 (pp. 73-81). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
65. Noy, T., Schuldenrein, J., & Tchernov, E. (1980). Gilgal: A Pre-pottery Neolithic site in the Lower Jordan Valley. Israel Exploration Journal, 30, 63-82.
66. Peterson, J. (2004). Khirbet Hamman (VMS 149): A late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B settlement in the Wadi el-Hasa, Jordan. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 334, 1-17.
67. Redman, C.L. (1999). Human impact on ancient environments. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
68. Rosen, A.M. (1986a). Cities of clay: The geoarchaeology of tells. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
69. Rosen, A.M. (1986b). Quaternary alluvial stratigraphy of the Shephela and its paleoclimatic implications. Jerusalem: Geological Survey of Israel.
70. Rosen, A.M. (1991). Early Bronze Age Tel Erani: An environmental perspective. Tel Aviv 18, 192-204.
71. Rosen, A.M. (1997). The agricultural base of urbanism in the early Bronze II-III Levant. In W.E. Aufrecht, N.A. Mirau, & S.W. Gauley (Eds.), Urbanism in antiquity: From Mesopotamia to Crete (pp. 92-98). Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
72. Scharpenseel, H.W, & Schiffman, H. (1977). Radiocarbon dating of soils: A review. Zeitschrift Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, 140,159-174.
73. Schuldenrein, J. (1983). Late Quaternary paleoenvironments and prehistoric site distributions in the Lower Jordan Valley. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
74. Schuldenrein, J. (1998). Geomorphology and stratigraphy of prehistoric sites along the Wadi al-Hasa. In N. Coinman (Ed.), The archaeology of the Wadi al-Hasa, West-Central Jordan, surveys, settlement patterns and paleoenvironments, vol. 1 (pp. 205-228). Tempe, AZ: Arizona State University.
75. Schuldenrein, J., & Clark, G.A. (1994). Landscape and prehistoric chronology of west-central Jordan. Geoarchaeology, 9,31-55.
76. Schuldenrein, J., & Clark, G. A. (2001). Prehistoric landscapes and settlement geography along the Wadi Hasa, West-Central Jordan, 1: Geoarchaeology, human palaeoecology and ethnographic modeling. Environmental Archaeology, 6,25-40.
77. Schuldenrein, J., & Goldberg, P. (1981). Late Quaternary paleoenvironments and prehistoric site distribution in the lower Jordan Valley: a preliminary report. Paléorient, 7, 57-71.
78. Sehgal, J.H., & Stoops, G. (1972). Pedogenic calcite accumulation in arid and semi-arid regions of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains ferstwhile Punjab (India): Their morphology and origin. Geoderma, 8, 59-72.
79. Soil Survey Staff. (1996). Keys to soil taxonomy. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture.
80. Stuiver, M., Reimer, P.J., Bard, E., Beck, J.W., Burr, G.S., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B., McCormac, G., van der Plicht, J., & Spurk, M. (1998). INT-CAL98 radiocarbon age calibration 24000-0 cal BP. Radiocarbon, 40,1041-1083.
81. van Andel, TH., Zangger, E., & Demitrack, A. (1990). Land use and soil erosion in prehistoric and historical Greece. Journal of Field Archaeology, 17, 379-396.
82. Vita-Finzi, C. (1964). Observations of the Late Quaternary of Jordan. Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 96, 19-33.
83. Vita-Finzi, C. (1966). The Hasa Formation: An alluvial deposition in Jordan. Man, 1, 386-390.
84. Vita-Finzi, C. (1969). The Mediterranean Valleys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
85. Wilkinson, T.J. (2003). Archaeological landscapes of the Near East. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
86. Wilkinson, T.J. (2005). Soil erosion and valley fills in the Yemen Highlands and southern Turkey: Integrating settlement, geoarchaeology, and climate change. Geoarchaeology, 20, 169-192.
87. Yaalon, D.H. (1997). Soils in the Mediterranean region: What makes them different? Catena, 28,157-169.
88. Yasuda, Y., Kitagawa, H., & Nakagawa, T. (2000). The earliest record of major anthropogenic deforestation in the Ghab Valley, northwest Syria: A palynological study. Quaternary International, 73/74, 127-136.