메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2007, Pages

Ionization chambers

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALIBRATION; ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT; PRESSURE EFFECTS; RADIOISOTOPES;

EID: 34547679968     PISSN: 00261394     EISSN: 16817575     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/44/4/S07     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (160)
  • 2
    • 0003909665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity measurements with ionization chambers
    • Schrader H 1997 Activity measurements with ionization chambers Monographie (Sèvres, France: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) BIPM-4 www.bipm.fr/en/publications (Monographies BIPM ionizing radiation)
    • (1997) Monographie
    • Schrader, H.1
  • 3
    • 34547663299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Système International de Référence and its application in key comparisons
    • Ratel G 2007 The Système International de Référence and its application in key comparisons Metrologia 44 S7-16
    • (2007) Metrologia , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 7-16
    • Ratel, G.1
  • 7
    • 34547651580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://www.nucleide.org/DDEP_WG/DDEPdata.htm (Recommended data)
  • 8
    • 0003612989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSDF 2006 Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (Upton, NY: National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)) http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nndc/nudat
    • (2006) Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File
  • 9
    • 34547653968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traceability in nuclear medicine
    • Zimmerman B E and Judge S 2007 Traceability in nuclear medicine Metrologia 44 S127-32
    • (2007) Metrologia , vol.44 , Issue.4
    • Zimmerman, B.E.1    Judge, S.2
  • 10
    • 84962444262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precision dc current, voltage and resistance measurements
    • Keithley 2006 Precision dc current, voltage and resistance measurements Low-Level Measurements Handbook 6th edn (Cleveland, OH: Keithley Instruments) http://www.keithley.com, product information, tutorials
    • (2006) Low-Level Measurements Handbook
    • Keithley1
  • 13
    • 34547660895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Camps J and Paepen J 2006 Development of an ionisation chamber for the establishment of the SI unit becquerel Report EUR 22609 EN IRMM, Geel, Belgium
    • (2006) Report EUR 22609 en
    • Camps, J.1    Paepen, J.2
  • 15
    • 0032146442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Half-life measurements of europium radionuclides and the long-term stability of detectors
    • Siegert H, Schrader H and Schötzig U 1998 Half-life measurements of europium radionuclides and the long-term stability of detectors Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49 1397-401
    • (1998) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.49 , Issue.9-11 , pp. 1397-1401
    • Siegert, H.1    Schrader, H.2    Schötzig, U.3
  • 17
  • 18
    • 0032145683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of 4πγ ionization chamber response using EGS4 Monte Carlo code
    • Suzuki H, Sibaike K, Hashimoto H, Kawada Y and Hino Y 1998 Analysis of 4πγ ionization chamber response using EGS4 Monte Carlo code Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49 1245-9
    • (1998) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.49 , Issue.9-11 , pp. 1245-1249
    • Suzuki, H.1    Sibaike, K.2    Hashimoto, H.3    Kawada, Y.4    Hino, Y.5
  • 19
    • 0034160013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the response of the IG11 4πγ ionization chamber using GEANT Monte Carlo code
    • Gostely J-J and Laedermann J-P 2000 Simulation of the response of the IG11 4πγ ionization chamber using GEANT Monte Carlo code Appl. Radiat. Isot. 52 447-53
    • (2000) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 447-453
    • Gostely, J.-J.1    Laedermann, J.-P.2
  • 20
    • 1342265628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 123I calibration factor using the Penelope ionization chamber simulation method
    • 123I calibration factor using the Penelope ionization chamber simulation method Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60 529-33
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 529-533
    • Amiot, M.N.1
  • 21
    • 33751117492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo calculations of calibration and geometry correction factors of a radionuclide calibrator
    • Olsovcov V and Havelka M 2006 Monte Carlo calculations of calibration and geometry correction factors of a radionuclide calibrator Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64 1370-4
    • (2006) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.64 , Issue.10-11 , pp. 1370-1374
    • Olsovcov, V.1    Havelka, M.2
  • 23
    • 1342265642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Half-life measurements with ionization chambers-a study of systematic effects and results
    • Schrader H 2004 Half-life measurements with ionization chambers-a study of systematic effects and results Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60 317-23
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 317-323
    • Schrader, H.1
  • 24
    • 34547691834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended bibliography
    • Extended bibliography
  • 25
    • 0036912909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy response simulation of 4π gamma ionization chambers using Monte Carlo technique
    • Aleissa K A 2002 Energy response simulation of 4π gamma ionization chambers using Monte Carlo technique Med. Phys. 29 2840-4 Keywords: Monte Carlo calculation, radionuclide calibrator, efficiency
    • (2002) Med. Phys. , vol.29 , Issue.12 , pp. 2840-2844
    • Aleissa, K.A.1
  • 26
    • 1342265628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 123 i calibration factor using the Penelope ionization chamber simulation method
    • 123 I calibration factor using the Penelope ionization chamber simulation method Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60 529-33 Keywords: ionization chamber, Monte Carlo code, calibration factor, efficiency, response, activity
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 529-533
    • Amiot, M.N.1
  • 28
    • 18144389037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calibration of the NPL secondary standard radionuclide calibrator for the new 10R Schott, Type 1+ vials
    • Baker M 2005 Calibration of the NPL secondary standard radionuclide calibrator for the new 10R Schott, Type 1+ vials Appl. Radiat. Isot. 63 71-7 Keywords: calibration factor, Schott vial, measurement geometry, activity
    • (2005) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-77
    • Baker, M.1
  • 29
    • 0036139852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 125I seeds used for prostate brachytherapy
    • 125I seeds used for prostate brachytherapy Appl. Radiat. Isot. 56 321-5 Keywords: calibration factor, measurement geometry, activity, seeds, brachytherapy
    • (2002) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 321-325
    • Baker, M.1    Bass, G.A.2    Woods, M.J.3
  • 30
    • 33751118235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 65Zn
    • 65Zn Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64 1396-402 Keywords: activity, emission probability, intensity, ionization chamber
    • (2006) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.64 , Issue.10-11 , pp. 1396-1402
    • Bé, M.-M.1
  • 33
    • 34547689993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://www.nucleide.org/DDEP_WG/DDEPdata.htm (Recommended data) Keywords: radionuclide data evaluation, emission probability, intensity, half-life, atomic data
  • 34
    • 0029887055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of free-electron collection on the recombination correction to ionization measurements of pulsed radiation.
    • Boag J W, Hochhauser E and Balk O A 1996 The effect of free-electron collection on the recombination correction to ionization measurements of pulsed radiation. Phys. Med. Biol. 41 885-97 Keywords: ionization, recombination, electron collection
    • (1996) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.41 , Issue.5 , pp. 885-897
    • Boag, J.W.1    Hochhauser, E.2    Balk, O.A.3
  • 35
    • 0023107692 scopus 로고
    • Re-evaluation of the W value for electrons in dry air
    • Boutillon M and Perroche-Roux A M 1987 Re-evaluation of the W value for electrons in dry air Phys. Med. Biol. 32 213-19 Keywords: w-value, air, ionization
    • (1987) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 213-219
    • Boutillon, M.1    Perroche-Roux, A.M.2
  • 37
    • 4544329011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic system for ionization chamber current measurements
    • Brancaccio F, Dias M S and Koskinas M F 2004 Automatic system for ionization chamber current measurements Appl. Radiat. Isot. 61 1339-42 Keywords: ionization current, electrometer, voltage comparator, linearity
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 1339-1342
    • Brancaccio, F.1    Dias, M.S.2    Koskinas, M.F.3
  • 38
    • 1342329493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interplay between the statistical correlations of γ-ray emission probabilities and efficiency calibration
    • Castro R M, Vanin V R, Helene O, Pascholati P R, Maidana N L, Dias M S and Koskinas M F 2004 The interplay between the statistical correlations of γ-ray emission probabilities and efficiency calibration Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60 185-90 Keywords: x-ray, gamma(γ)-ray, spectroscopy, radioactivity, decay scheme, correlation, intensity, emission probability
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 185-190
    • Castro, R.M.1    Vanin, V.R.2    Helene, O.3    Pascholati, P.R.4    Maidana, N.L.5    Dias, M.S.6    Koskinas, M.F.7
  • 40
    • 0036138589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity characterization of pure-β-emitting brachytherapy sources
    • 90Sr, radioactivity standard
    • (2002) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 331-336
    • Collé, R.1
  • 42
    • 0034159966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Needs for radioactivity standards and measurements in the life sciences
    • Coursey B M 2000 Needs for radioactivity standards and measurements in the life sciences Appl. Radiat. Isot. 52 609-14 Keywords: radioactivity standard, nuclear medicine, radiopharmaceutical
    • (2000) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 609-614
    • Coursey, B.M.1
  • 47
    • 1342294740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards absolute activity measurements by ionization chambers using the Penelope Monte-Carlo code
    • De Vismes A and Amiot M N 2003 Towards absolute activity measurements by ionization chambers using the Penelope Monte-Carlo code Appl. Radiat. Isot. 59 267-72 Keywords: ionization chamber NPL type-671, x-ray photograph, Monte Carlo code, calibration factor, efficiency, response, activity
    • (2003) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 267-272
    • De Vismes, A.1    Amiot, M.N.2
  • 52
    • 1342286996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A website dedicated to ionization metrology
    • Dulieu C, Chisté V and Bé M-M 2004 A website dedicated to ionization metrology Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60 133-7 Keywords: radionuclide data evaluation, nuclear database, emission probability, intensity, half-life, atomic data, uranium plutonium reference spectra
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 133-137
    • Dulieu, C.1    Chisté, V.2    Bé, M.-M.3
  • 53
    • 0003612989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSDF 2006 Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (Upton, NY: National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)) http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nndc/nudat Keywords: radionuclide data evaluation, nuclear database, emission probability, intensity, half-life, decay scheme
    • (2006) Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File
  • 54
    • 34547658352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frame P 2005 Ionization Chambers "Ionization Chambers" Oak Ridge Associated Universities' Health Physics Historical Instrumentation Museum Collection Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0117, USA http://www.orau.org/ptp/ museumdirectory.htm Keywords: history of radioactiviy measurement, historical detector, instrumentation museum, Oak Ridge
    • (2005) Ionization Chambers
    • Frame, P.1
  • 55
    • 34547671289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontline Systems 2006 Spreadsheet's Solver for Equation-Solving and Constrained Optimisation Frontline Systems Inc., Incline Village, NV 89450, USA http://www.solver.com/tutorial.htm Keywords: non-linear least-squares analysis, data fit, Excel Solver, generalised reduced gradient (GRG) code: Lasdon L S, Waren A D, Jain A, Ratner M, Smith S
    • (2006) Spreadsheet's Solver for Equation-Solving and Constrained Optimisation
    • Systems, F.1
  • 58
    • 0020059293 scopus 로고
    • Development of a correction factor for Xe-133 vials for use with a dose calibrator
    • 133Xe, measurement geometry, gas source
    • (1982) J. Nucl. Med. , vol.23 , pp. 357-359
    • Gels, G.L.1    Piltingsrud, H.V.2
  • 60
    • 0034160013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the response of the IG11 4πγ ionization chamber using GEANT Monte Carlo code
    • Gostely J-J and Laedermann J-P 2000 Simulation of the response of the IG11 4πγ ionization chamber using GEANT Monte Carlo code Appl. Radiat. Isot. 52 447-53 Keywords: activity, efficiency calibration, Centronic ionization chamber, measurement geometry
    • (2000) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 447-453
    • Gostely, J.-J.1    Laedermann, J.-P.2
  • 62
    • 0036139670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 166mHo
    • 166mHo Appl. Radiat. Isot. 56 421-7 Keywords: regional comparison of activity measurements (APMP), international comparison (SIR), activity standardization
    • (2002) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 421-427
    • Hino, Y.1
  • 63
    • 0001751713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved leakage current compensation technique for a 4πγ ionization chamber system
    • Hino Y, Kawada Y and Nazaroh 1996 An improved leakage current compensation technique for a 4πγ ionization chamber system Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 369 392-6 Keywords: ionization current measuring electronics, leakage current, vibrating reed electrometer, Centronic ionization chamber, energy-dependent efficiency, linearity
    • (1996) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.369 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 392-396
    • Hino, Y.1    Kawada, Y.2    Nazaroh3
  • 65
    • 34547709229 scopus 로고
    • ICRU 1979 Average energy to produce an ion pair ICRU Report Bethesda, MD, USA vol 31 Keywords: ionization, w-value, International Committee of Radiation Units
    • (1979) ICRU Report
    • Icru1
  • 66
    • 0004179507 scopus 로고
    • ICRU 1984 Stopping power for electrons and positrons ICRU Report Bethesda, MD, USA vol 37 Keywords: ionization, radiation, interaction, absorption, range, International Committee of Radiation Units
    • (1984) ICRU Report
    • Icru1
  • 67
    • 34547658353 scopus 로고
    • International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
    • International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 1994 Medical electrical equipment-radionuclide calibrators-particular methods for describing performance IEC 1303 (Geneva: Bureau Central de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale) Keywords: instrument check, ionization chamber, instrument linearity, calibration factor
    • (1994) IEC 1303
  • 70
    • 34547675115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johansson L 2001 A new design of the SIR ionization chamber-Monte Carlo simulations Internal Report GE/R/RN/04/01 IRMM, Geel, Belgium Keywords: ionization chamber design, optimisation of dimensions, materials, Monte Carlo calculation of efficiency
    • (2001) Internal Report GE/R/RN/04/01
    • Johansson, L.1
  • 72
    • 0036912909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy response simulation of 4-pi gamma ionization chambers using Monte Carlo technique
    • Khalid A A 2002 Energy response simulation of 4-pi gamma ionization chambers using Monte Carlo technique Med. Phys. 29 2840-3 Keywords: Monte Carlo calculation, radionuclide calibrator, energy-dependent efficiency
    • (2002) Med. Phys. , vol.29 , Issue.12 , pp. 2840-2843
    • Khalid, A.A.1
  • 74
    • 1842788750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 90Y
    • 90Y Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60 741-9 Keywords: liquid scintillation counting, LSC (CIEMAT/NIST), ionization chamber, radionuclide impurity
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 741-749
    • Kossert, K.1    Schrader, H.2
  • 75
    • 3042601103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo calculation of the sensitivity of a commercial dose calibrator to gamma and beta radiation
    • Laederman J-P, Valley J-F, Bulling S and Bochud F O 2004 Monte Carlo calculation of the sensitivity of a commercial dose calibrator to gamma and beta radiation Med. Phys. 31 1614-22 Keywords: radionuclide calibrator, energy-dependent efficiency, GEANT code, photon β-particle efficiency, measurement geometry
    • (2004) Med. Phys. , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 1614-1622
    • Laederman, J.-P.1    Valley, J.-F.2    Bulling, S.3    Bochud, F.O.4
  • 78
    • 33751104785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 90Y
    • 90Y Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64 1417-19 Keywords: half-life evaluation, evaluation method, convergence technique, discrepant data
    • (2006) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.64 , Issue.10-11 , pp. 1417-1419
    • MacMahon, D.1
  • 82
    • 0034160056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of radioactive impurities on SIR measurements
    • Michotte C 2000 Influence of radioactive impurities on SIR measurements Appl. Radiat. Isot. 52 319-23 Keywords: ionization chamber, radionuclide impurity, Ge spectrometry, uncertainty of activity, SIR correction
    • (2000) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 319-323
    • Michotte, C.1
  • 83
    • 0036137774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficiency curve of the ionization chamber of the SIR
    • Michotte C 2002 Efficiency curve of the ionization chamber of the SIR Appl. Radiat. Isot. 56 15-20 Keywords: International Reference System (SIR), uncertainty of efficiency, activity comparison, set-up of photon efficiency curve, β-particle efficiency
    • (2002) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 15-20
    • Michotte, C.1
  • 84
    • 33751340324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 201Tl photon emission intensities
    • 201Tl photon emission intensities Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64 1147-55 Keywords: energy-dependent efficiency of SIR, non-linear least-squares fit, photon electron efficiency, Chebyshev polynomial, radionuclide impurity correction, Zn-65, Tl-201
    • (2006) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.64 , Issue.10-11 , pp. 1147-1155
    • Michotte, C.1    Pearce, A.K.2    Cox, M.G.3    Gostely, J.-J.4
  • 89
    • 34547651579 scopus 로고
    • Techniques useful in evacuating and pressurizing metal chambers
    • Neher H V and Johnston A R 1954 Techniques useful in evacuating and pressurizing metal chambers Rev. Sci. Instrum. 25 517-18 Keywords: ionization chamber, manufacturing technique
    • (1954) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 517-518
    • Neher, H.V.1    Johnston, A.R.2
  • 90
    • 1342308214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IAEA co-ordinated research project: Update of X-ray and γ-ray decay data standards for detector calibration and other applications
    • Nichols A L 2004 IAEA co-ordinated research project: update of X-ray and γ-ray decay data standards for detector calibration and other applications Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60 247-56 Keywords: radioactivity, radionuclide data evaluation, emission probability, half-life, γ-γ coincidence
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 247-256
    • Nichols, A.L.1
  • 91
    • 33751090967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear decay data: Observations and reflections
    • Nichols A L 2006 Nuclear decay data: observations and reflections Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64 1384-91 Keywords: radioactivity, radionuclide data evaluation, emission probability, half-life, x-ray, γ-ray spectrometry, research coordination
    • (2006) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.64 , Issue.10-11 , pp. 1384-1391
    • Nichols, A.L.1
  • 92
    • 1342286967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity measurements with radionuclide calibrators in the Czech Republic
    • Olsovcov V 2004 Activity measurements with radionuclide calibrators in the Czech Republic Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60 535-8 Keywords: radionuclide calibrator, comparison, Monte Carlo calculation, MCNP4C code, energy-dependent efficiency, measurement geometry
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 535-538
    • Olsovcov, V.1
  • 93
    • 33751117492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo calculations of calibration and geometry correction factors of a radionuclide calibrator
    • Olsovcov V and Havelka M 2006 Monte Carlo calculations of calibration and geometry correction factors of a radionuclide calibrator Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64 1370-4 Keywords: activity measurement, ionization chamber, calibration factor, measurement geometry, energy-dependent efficiency, MCNP4C code
    • (2006) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.64 , Issue.10-11 , pp. 1370-1374
    • Olsovcov, V.1    Havelka, M.2
  • 95
    • 0031805415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a new sealed reentrant well chamber for HDR and LDR brachytherapy calibrations
    • Pai S and Reinstein L E 1998 Evaluation of a new sealed reentrant well chamber for HDR and LDR brachytherapy calibrations Med. Phys. 25 719-21 Keywords: ionization chamber, activity measurement, calibration factor
    • (1998) Med. Phys. , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 719-721
    • Pai, S.1    Reinstein, L.E.2
  • 99
    • 4243384099 scopus 로고
    • Particle and energy dependence of the statistical fluctuations of an ionization chamber current
    • Purghel L and Valcov N 1995 Particle and energy dependence of the statistical fluctuations of an ionization chamber current Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 95 7-13 Keywords: ionization current measurement, charge collection
    • (1995) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-13
    • Purghel, L.1    Valcov, N.2
  • 100
    • 0032146934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 192Ir
    • 192Ir Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49 1437-43 Keywords: ionization chamber, SIR, Ir-192, standardization method
    • (1998) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.49 , Issue.9-11 , pp. 1437-1443
    • Ratel, G.1
  • 101
    • 0036533921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 75Se
    • 75Se Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 481 241-52 Keywords: ionization chamber, SIR, decay parameter, Se-75, standardization method
    • (2002) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.481 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 241-252
    • Ratel, G.1
  • 102
    • 24144484178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the uncertainty of the degree of equivalence
    • Ratel G 2005 Evaluation of the uncertainty of the degree of equivalence Metrologia 42 140-4 Keywords: radioactivity measurement, metrological equivalence, BIPM, uncertainty components
    • (2005) Metrologia , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 140-144
    • Ratel, G.1
  • 103
    • 0032146395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portability of the calibration of SIR of BIPM to other ionization chambers for radioactivity measurements
    • Reher D F G, Woods M J, Simpson B R S and Ratel G 1998 Portability of the calibration of SIR of BIPM to other ionization chambers for radioactivity measurements Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49 1417-19 Keywords: energy-dependent efficiency, equivalent activity of SIR, calibration factor
    • (1998) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.49 , Issue.9-11 , pp. 1417-1419
    • Reher, D.F.G.1    Woods, M.J.2    Simpson, B.R.S.3    Ratel, G.4
  • 106
    • 0032146460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Canadian experience in performing accuracy checks on administered doses of radiopharmaceuticals
    • Santry D 1998 The Canadian experience in performing accuracy checks on administered doses of radiopharmaceuticals Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49 1453-8 Keywords: nuclear medicine, comparison, performance test, radionuclide calibrator
    • (1998) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.49 , Issue.9-11 , pp. 1453-1458
    • Santry, D.1
  • 107
    • 34547675114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Santry D 2001 The NRC 4π-gamma ionization chamber Report NRCC PIRS-0755 (Ottawa, Ontario: NRCC) Keywords: ionization chamber measuring system, current measuring electronics, instrument performance
    • (2001) Report NRCC PIRS-0755
    • Santry, D.1
  • 108
    • 34547703019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Santry D 2006 NRCC half-life measurements with a 4πγ-ionization chamber Report NRCC PIRS-1023 (Ottawa, Ontario: NRCC) Keywords: ionization chamber measuring system, instrument stability, half-life data, data analysis
    • (2006) Report NRCC PIRS-1023
    • Santry, D.1
  • 112
    • 0003909665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity measurements with ionization chambers
    • Schrader H 1997 Activity measurements with ionization chambers Monographie BIPM-4
    • (1997) Monographie
    • Schrader, H.1
  • 113
    • 34547698084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • www.bipm.fr/en/publications Monographies BIPM (ionizing radiation) (Sèvres: France Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) Keywords: ionization chamber monograph, design, equipment, measurement methods, performance, metrology, application, SIR
    • Monographies BIPM (Ionizing Radiation)
  • 114
    • 0034159986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calibration and consistency of results of an ionization-chamber secondary standard measuring system for activity
    • Schrader H 2000 Calibration and consistency of results of an ionization-chamber secondary standard measuring system for activity Appl. Radiat. Isot. 52 325-34 Keywords: energy-dependent efficiency, efficiency curve fitting, PTB secondary standard for activity, consistency of calibration
    • (2000) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 325-334
    • Schrader, H.1
  • 115
    • 1342265642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Half-life measurements with ionization chambers-a study of systematic effects and results
    • Schrader H 2004 Half-life measurements with ionization chambers-a study of systematic effects and results Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60 317-23 Keywords: half-life of long-lived radionuclides, short-lived radionuclides, PTB values, uncertainty of half-life
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 317-323
    • Schrader, H.1
  • 116
    • 33847684834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 18F and ionization chamber calibration for nuclear medicine
    • 18F and ionization chamber calibration for nuclear medicine Appl. Radiat. Isot. 65 581-92 Keywords: radionuclide calibrator, calibration factor, F-18, comparison, SIR
    • (2006) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.65 , Issue.5 , pp. 581-592
    • Schrader, H.1    Klein, R.2    Kossert, K.3
  • 117
    • 1342265641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ionization chamber efficiencies for activity measurements
    • Schrader H and Svec A 2004 Comparison of ionization chamber efficiencies for activity measurements Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60 369-78 Keywords: energy-dependent efficiency, calibration factor, Excel Solver tool
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 369-378
    • Schrader, H.1    Svec, A.2
  • 119
    • 0036137784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radioactivity standardization in South Africa
    • Simpson B R S 2002 Radioactivity standardization in South Africa Appl. Radiat. Isot. 56 301-5 Keywords: activity standardization, 4πβ-γ coincidence counting, liquid scintillation counting (LSC), ionization chamber calibration, comparison with SIR
    • (2002) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 301-305
    • Simpson, B.R.S.1
  • 120
    • 0032145683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of 4πγ ionization chamber response using EGS4 Monte Carlo code
    • Suzuki H, Sibaike K, Hashimoto H, Kawada Y and Hino Y 1998 Analysis of 4πγ ionization chamber response using EGS4 Monte Carlo code Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49 1245-9 Keywords: Monte Carlo calculation, energy-dependent efficiency, measurement geometry, gas filling, Centronic ionization chamber
    • (1998) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.49 , Issue.9-11 , pp. 1245-1249
    • Suzuki, H.1    Sibaike, K.2    Hashimoto, H.3    Kawada, Y.4    Hino, Y.5
  • 121
    • 34547675116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Svec A 2005 Reference ionisation chamber for radioactivity measurements Internal Report GE/IM/RN/2005/12/xx IRMM, Geel, Belgium Keywords: ionization chamber design, optimisation of dimensions, materials, Monte Carlo simulation of efficiency, EGS4 code
    • (2005) Internal Report GE/IM/RN/2005/12/xx
    • Svec, A.1
  • 122
    • 0343484897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ionization chamber as a secondary standard for activity
    • Svec A and Schrader H 2000 An ionization chamber as a secondary standard for activity Appl. Radiat. Isot. 52 633-6 Keywords: radionuclide calibrator, energy-dependent efficiency, calibration factor, instrument verification
    • (2000) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 633-636
    • Svec, A.1    Schrader, H.2
  • 123
    • 0036137777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitting methods for constructing energy-dependent efficiency curves and their application to ionization chamber measurements
    • Svec A and Schrader H 2002 Fitting methods for constructing energy-dependent efficiency curves and their application to ionization chamber measurements Appl. Radiat. Isot. 56 237-43 Keywords: radionuclide calibrator, energy-dependent efficiency, calibration factor, Excel Solver tool
    • (2002) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 237-243
    • Svec, A.1    Schrader, H.2
  • 124
    • 0032146396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiences of fifteen years on metrological supervision of radionuclide calibrators used in nuclear medicine
    • Szörenyi A, Vagvölgyi J and Zsinka A 1998 Experiences of fifteen years on metrological supervision of radionuclide calibrators used in nuclear medicine Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49 1459-61 Keywords: legal metrology, activity calibration, measurement error, Hungary
    • (1998) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.49 , Issue.9-11 , pp. 1459-1461
    • Szörenyi, A.1    Vagvölgyi, J.2    Zsinka, A.3
  • 126
    • 0036138590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NPL secondary standard radionuclide calibrator. Syringe calibration factors for radionuclides used in nuclear medicine
    • Tyler D K, Baker M and Woods M J 2002 NPL secondary standard radionuclide calibrator. Syringe calibration factors for radionuclides used in nuclear medicine Appl. Radiat. Isot. 56 343-7 Keywords: activity measurement, ionization chamber, calibration factor, measurement geometry
    • (2002) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 343-347
    • Tyler, D.K.1    Baker, M.2    Woods, M.J.3
  • 127
    • 0242569380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syringe calibration factors for the NPL Secondary Standard Radionuclide Calibrator for selected medical radionuclides
    • Tyler D K and Woods M J 2003 Syringe calibration factors for the NPL Secondary Standard Radionuclide Calibrator for selected medical radionuclides Appl. Radiat. Isot. 59 367-72 Keywords: activity measurement, ionization chamber, calibration factor
    • (2003) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.59 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 367-372
    • Tyler, D.K.1    Woods, M.J.2
  • 128
    • 0036138534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Half-life measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology
    • Unterweger M P 2002 Half-life measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Appl. Radiat. Isot. 56 125-30 Keywords: ionization chamber measuring system, NIST half-life values, radionuclide impurity, uncertainty of half-life
    • (2002) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 125-130
    • Unterweger, M.P.1
  • 130
    • 0038390236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the efficiency of commercially available dose calibrators for beta-emitters
    • Valley J-F, Bulling S, Leresche M and Wastiel C 2003 Determination of the efficiency of commercially available dose calibrators for beta-emitters J. Nucl. Med. Technol. 31 27-32 Keywords: radionuclide calibrator, calibration factor, β-particle emitter, nuclear medicine
    • (2003) J. Nucl. Med. Technol. , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-32
    • Valley, J.-F.1    Bulling, S.2    Leresche, M.3    Wastiel, C.4
  • 132
    • 0029433718 scopus 로고
    • The standardisation of fluorine-18
    • Van der Gaast H A 1995 The standardisation of fluorine-18 Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. 18 177-84 Keywords: activity standardization, radionuclide calibrator, calibration factor, F-18
    • (1995) Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 177-184
    • Van Der Gaast, H.A.1
  • 133
    • 27744555234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 131I capsules
    • 131I capsules South Africa Phys. Med. XXI 101-5 Keywords: I-131, radiopharmaceutical, activity, absolute standardization, liquid scintillation counting, radionuclide calibrator, ionization chamber, calibration fractor
    • (2005) South Africa Phys. Med. , vol.21 , pp. 101-105
    • Van Wyngaardt, W.M.1    Simpson, B.2
  • 134
    • 0020505486 scopus 로고
    • Dose calibrator response to brachytherapy sources: A Monte Carlo and analytic evaluation
    • Williamson J F, Morin R L and Khan F M 1983 Dose calibrator response to brachytherapy sources: A Monte Carlo and analytic evaluation Med. Phys. 10 135-40 Keywords: Monte Carlo calculation, radionuclide calibrator, efficiency
    • (1983) Med. Phys. , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-140
    • Williamson, J.F.1    Morin, R.L.2    Khan, F.M.3
  • 135
    • 0032145666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the role of covariances for uncertainty estimates in radioactivity measurements
    • Winkler G 1998 On the role of covariances for uncertainty estimates in radioactivity measurements Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49 1153-7 Keywords: Correlation, uncertainty, radioactivity counting, propagation of variances, activity comparison
    • (1998) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.49 , Issue.9-11 , pp. 1153-1157
    • Winkler, G.1
  • 138
    • 0032145701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traceability, equivalence and quality assurance
    • Woods M J 1998 Traceability, equivalence and quality assurance Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49 1445-7 Keywords: radioactivity measurement, metrological equivalence, measurement standard, BIPM, ICRM
    • (1998) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.49 , Issue.9-11 , pp. 1445-1447
    • Woods, M.J.1
  • 139
    • 1342329552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRA calibration and measurement capabilities-radioactivity
    • Woods M J 2004 MRA calibration and measurement capabilities-radioactivity Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60 127-32 Keywords: radioactivity standardization, mutual recognition arrangement (MRA), measurement standard, key comparison, BIPM, NMI
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 127-132
    • Woods, M.J.1
  • 140
    • 1342329470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing equivalence for activity standards of short-lived radionuclides using the NPL secondary standard radionuclide calibrator
    • 68Ga, check source, comparison, SIR
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 499-504
    • Woods, M.J.1    Baker, M.2
  • 141
    • 22744450016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance and quality control of radionuclide calibrators in nuclear medicine
    • Woods M J and Baker M 2003 Performance and quality control of radionuclide calibrators in nuclear medicine IAEA-Conf. Proc. CN-96/66 vol 2 (Vienna: IACA) pp 45-57 Keywords: activity measurement, radionuclide calibrator, calibration factor, performance check
    • (2003) IAEA-Conf. Proc. CN-96/66 , vol.2 , pp. 45-57
    • Woods, M.J.1    Baker, M.2
  • 143
    • 1342308210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Half-life data-a critical review of TECDOC-619 update
    • Woods M J and Collins S M 2004 Half-life data-a critical review of TECDOC-619 update Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60 257-62 Keywords: radioactivity, decay data evaluation, half-life data, TECDOC-619 update
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 257-262
    • Woods, M.J.1    Collins, S.M.2
  • 144
    • 34547693577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Woods M J, Collins S M and Woods S A 2004 Evaluation of half-life data NPL Report CAIR 8 (Teddington, UK: NPL) Keywords: radioactivity, decay data evaluation, half-life data, TECDOC-619 update
    • (2004) NPL Report CAIR 8
    • Woods, M.J.1    Collins, S.M.2    Woods, S.A.3
  • 147
    • 0000842650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 90Sr-measurement and critical review
    • 90Sr-measurement and critical review Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 369 534-8 Keywords: half-life evaluation, Sr-90, ionization chamber, long-lived reference source, data analysis
    • (1996) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.369 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 534-538
    • Woods, M.J.1    Lucas, S.E.M.2
  • 150
    • 0034159922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equivalence in radionuclide metrology
    • Woods M J, Reher D F G and Ratel G 2000 Equivalence in radionuclide metrology Appl. Radiat. Isot. 52 313-18 Keywords: key comparison, equivalence activity, degree equivalenced, International Reference System, SIR
    • (2000) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-318
    • Woods, M.J.1    Reher, D.F.G.2    Ratel, G.3
  • 151
    • 33751085381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radionuclide metrology in the life sciences: Recent advances and future trends
    • Zimmerman B E 2006 Radionuclide metrology in the life sciences: Recent advances and future trends Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64 1351-9 Keywords: radionuclide metrology, standards, comparison, radionuclide calibrator, β-particle emitter, brachytherapy
    • (2006) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.64 , Issue.10-11 , pp. 1351-1359
    • Zimmerman, B.E.1
  • 152
    • 0032589111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 62Cu PTSM
    • 62Cu PTSM Appl. Radiat. Isot. 51 515-26 Keywords: radionuclide calibrator, positron emission tomography, calibration factor, ampoule, syringe geometry, liquid scintillation counting (LSC)
    • (1999) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.51 , Issue.5 , pp. 515-526
    • Zimmerman, B.E.1    Cessna, J.T.2
  • 154
    • 1342308195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 90Y using commercial radionuclide calibrators
    • 90Y using commercial radionuclide calibrators Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60 511-17 Keywords: radionuclide calibrator, calibration factor, Y-90, measurement geometry, syringe
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.60 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 511-517
    • Zimmerman, B.E.1    Cessna, J.T.2    Millican, M.A.3
  • 155
    • 0036138776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3H-standard efficiency tracing method
    • 3H-standard efficiency tracing method Appl. Radiat. Isot. 56 315-20 Keywords: activity standardization, Re-188, liquid scintillation counting (LSC), radionuclide calibrator, calibration factor, half-life
    • (2002) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 315-320
    • Zimmerman, B.E.1    Cessna, J.T.2    Unterweger, M.P.3
  • 157
    • 33751086437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International guidance on the establishment of quality assurance programmes for radioactivity measurements in nuclear medicine
    • Zimmerman B E, Herbst C, Norenberg J P and Woods M J 2006 International guidance on the establishment of quality assurance programmes for radioactivity measurements in nuclear medicine Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64 1142-6 Keywords: quality assurance, safety procedure, radioactivity standards, radiopharmaceutical, audit
    • (2006) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.64 , Issue.10-11 , pp. 1142-1146
    • Zimmerman, B.E.1    Herbst, C.2    Norenberg, J.P.3    Woods, M.J.4
  • 159
    • 0034523271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental determination of dose calibrator settings and study of associated volume dependence in V-vials for rhenium-186 perrhenate solution sources
    • Zimmerman B E and Pipes D W 2000 Experimental determination of dose calibrator settings and study of associated volume dependence in V-vials for rhenium-186 perrhenate solution sources J. Nucl. Med. Technol. 28 264-70 Keywords: radionuclide calibrator, calibration factor, Re-186, measurement geometry
    • (2000) J. Nucl. Med. Technol. , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 264-270
    • Zimmerman, B.E.1    Pipes, D.W.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.