Role of meal carbohydrate content for the imbalance of plasma amino acids in patients with liver cirrhosis

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia)

Volumn 22, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 1241-1248

  Schulte Frohlinde, Ewert ^a   Wagenpfeil, Stefan ^b   Willis, Johanna ^a   Lersch, Christian ^a   Eckel, Florian ^a   Schmid, Roland ^a   Schusdziarra, Volker ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Amino acids; Cirrhosis; Diet therapy; Encephalopathy; Hyperinsulinism

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC AMINO ACID; BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID; C PEPTIDE; CARBOHYDRATE; ISOLEUCINE; LEUCINE; PHENYLALANINE;

ADULT; AMINO ACID BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; CARBOHYDRATE ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET RESTRICTION; DIETARY INTAKE; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MALE; POSTPRANDIAL STATE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 34547664631     PISSN: 08159319     EISSN: 14401746     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04620.x     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Wu C, Bollmann JL, Butt HR. Changes in free amino acids in the plasma during hepatic coma. J. Clin. Invest 1955 34 : 845 9.
2. Iber FL, Rosen H, Levenson SM, Chalmers TC. The plasma amino acids in patients with liver failure. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1957 50 : 417 25.
3. Soeters PB, Fischer JE. Insulin, glucagon, amino acid imbalance, and hepatic encephalopathy. Lancet 1976 II : 880 2.
4. Knauff HG, Selmair H, Reitlinger A. [Studies on free amino acids in urine and blood plasma of healthy and liver patients.] Klin. Wochenschr. 1960 38 : 812 19 (in German).
5. Romero-Gomez M, Boza F, Garcõa-Valdecasas MS, Garcia E, Aguilar-Reina J. Subclinical hepatic encephalopathy predicts the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2001 96 : 2718 23.
6. Egberts EH, Schomerus H, Hamster W, Jurgens P. Branched chain amino acids in the treatment of latent portosystemic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology 1985 88 : 887 95.
7. Horst D, Grace ND, Conn HO et al. Comparison of dietary protein with an oral, branched-chain enriched amino acid supplement in chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology 1984 4 : 279 87.
8. Marchesini G, Dioguardi FS, Bianchi GP et al. Long-term oral branched-chain amino acid treatment in chronic hepatic encephalopathy. J. Hepatol. 1990 11 : 92 101.
9. Marchesini G, Bianchi G, Merli M et al. Nutritional supplementation with branched-chain amino acids in advanced cirrhosis: a double-blind, randomized trial. Gastroenterology 2003 124 : 1792 801.
10. Muto Y, Sato S, Watanabe A et al. Effects of oral branched-chain amino acid granules on event-free survival in patients with liver-cirrhosis. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2005 3 : 705 13.
11. Pozefsky T, Felig P, Tobin JD, Soeldner JS, Cahill GF Jr. Amino acid balance across tissue of the forearm in postabsorptive man. Effects of insulin at two dose levels. J. Clin. Invest 1969 48 : 2273 82.
12. Fukagawa NK, Minaker KL, Young VR, Rowe JW. Insulin dose-response reductions in plasma amino acids in man. Am. J. Physiol. 1986 250 : E13 E17.
13. Megyesi C, Samols E, Marks V. Glucose tolerance and diabetes in chronic liver disease. Lancet 1967 2 : 1051 5.
14. Conn HO, Schreiber W, Elkington SG, Johnson TR. Cirrhosis and diabetes. Am. J. Dig. Dis. 1967 14 : 837 52.
15. Creutzfeldt W, Frerichs H, Sickinger K. Liver disease and diabetes mellitus. Prog. Liver Dis. 1970 3 : 371 407.
16. Jenkins DJA, Shapira N, Greenberg G et al. Low glycemic index foods and reduced glucose, amino acid, and endocrine responses in cirrhosis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1989 84 : 732 9.
17. Pugh RNH, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC, Williams R. Transsection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varicies. Br. J. Surg. 1973 60 : 646 9.
18. Herbert V, Lau LS, Gottlieb CW, Bleicher SF. Coated charcoal immunoassay of insulin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1965 25 : 1375 84.
19. Schmid R, Schusdziarra V, Schulte-Frohlinde E, Maier V, Classen M. Role of amino acids in stimulation of postprandial insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide in humans. Pancreas 1989 4 : 305 14.
20. Johnston DG, Alberti KGMM, Faber OK, Binder C, Wright R. Hyperinsulinism of hepatic cirrhosis: diminished degradation or hypersecretion? Lancet 1977 1 : 10 12.
21. Proietto J, Nankervis A, Aitken P, Dudley FJ, Caruso G, Alford FP. Insulin resistance in cirrhosis: evidence for a post-receptor defect. Clin. Endocrinol. 1984 21 : 677 88.
22. Greco AV, Crucitti F, Ghirlanda G et al. Insulin and glucagon concentrations in portal and peripheral veins in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Diabetologia 1979 17 : 23 8.
23. Proietto J, Alford FP, Dudley FJ. The mechanism of the carbohydrate intolerance of cirrhosis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1980 51 : 1030 6.
24. Marchesini G, Bianchi G, Zoli M et al. Plasma amino acid response to protein ingestion in patients with liver cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1983 85 : 283 90.
25. Riggio O, Merli M, Cangiano C et al. Glucose intolerance in liver cirrhosis. Metabolism 1982 31 : 627 34.
26. Taylor R, Heine RJ, Collins J, James OF, Alberti KG. Insulin action in cirrhosis. Hepatology 1985 5 : 64 71.
27. Proietto J, Dudley FJ, Aitken P, Alford FP. Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance of cirrhosis: the importance of insulin hypersecretion. Clin. Endocrinol. 1984 21 : 657 65.
28. Iwasaki Y, Ohkubo A, Kajinuma H, Akanuma Y, Kosaka K. Degradation and secretion of insulin in hepatic cirrhosis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1978 47 : 774 9.
29. Stoll RW, Touber JL, Menahan LA, Williams RH. Clearance of porcine insulin, proinsulin, and connecting peptide by the isolated rat liver. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1970 133 : 894 6.
30. Kahl C, Faber OK, Hornnes P, Jensen SL. C-peptide metabolism and the liver. Diabetes 1978 27 (Suppl. 1 197 200.
31. Polonsky K, Jaspan J, Pugh W et al. Metabolism of C-peptide in the dog. In vivo demonstration of the absence of hepatic extraction. J. Clin. Invest. 1983 72 : 1114 23.
32. Bratusch-Marrain PR, Waldhäusl WK, Gasic S, Hofer A. Hepatic disposal of biosynthetic human insulin and porcine C-peptide in humans. Metabolism 1984 33 : 151 7.
33. Katz AI, Rubenstein AH. Metabolism of proinsulin, insulin and C-peptide in the rat. J. Clin. Invest. 1973 52 : 1113 21.
34. Horwitz D, Starr J, Mako M, Blackard W, Rubinstein A. Proinsulin, insulin and C-peptide concentrations in human and peripheral blood. J. Clin. Invest. 1975 55 : 1278 83.
35. Rubenstein AH, Clark JL, Melani F, Steiner DF. Secretion of proinsulin C-Peptide by pancreatic beta cells and its circulation in blood. Nature (Lond.) 1969 224 : 697 9.
36. Petrides AS, De Fronzo RA. Glucose metabolism in cirrhosis: a review with some perspectives for the future. Diabet. Met. Rev. 1989 5 : 691 709.
37. Stocks AE, Powell LW. Carbohydrate intolerance in idiopathic haemochromatosis and cirrhosis of the liver. Quart. J. Med. 1973 168 : 733 49.
38. Johnston DG, Alberti KGMM, Binder C, Faber OK, Wright R, Orskov H. Hormonal and metabolic changes in hepatic cirrhosis. Horm. Met. Res. 1982 14 : 34 9.
39. West TET, Owens D, Sînksen PH, Srivastava MC, Tompkins CV, Nabaro JDN. Metabolic responses to monocomponent human insulin infusions in normal subjects and patients with liver and endocrine disease. Clin. Endocrinol. 1975 4 : 573 84.
40. Petrides AS, Groop LC, Riely CA, DeFronzo RA. Effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on glucose and lipid metabolism in cirrhosis. J. Clin. Invest 1991 88 : 561 70.
41. DeFronzo RA. Glucose intolerance and aging. Diabetes Care 1981 4 : 493 501.
42. Jackson RA. Mechanisms of age related glucose intolerance. Diabetes Care 1990 13 (Suppl. 9 19.
43. Vilstrup H, Gluud C, Hardt F et al. Branched chain enriched amino acid versus glucose treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. J. Hepatol. 1990 10 : 291 6.
44. Weber FL, Bagby BS, Licate L, Kelsen SG. Effects of branched-chain amino acids on nitrogen metabolism in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1990 11 : 942 50.
45. Fischer JE, Yoshimura N, Aguirre A et al. Plasma amino acids in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Effects of amino acid infusions. Am. J. Surg. 1974 127 : 40 7.
46. Eriksson LS, Conn HO. Branched-chain amino acids in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: an analysis of variants. Hepatology 1989 10 : 228 46.
47. Fukagawa NK, Minaker KL, Rowe JW, Young VR. Plasma tryptophan and total neutral amino acid levels in men: influence of hyperinsulinemia and age. Metabolism 1987 36 : 683 6.
48. Marchesini G, Cassarani S, Checchia GA et al. Insulin resistance in aged man: relationship between impaired glucose tolerance and decreased insulin activity on branched-chain amino acids. Metabolism 1987 11 : 1096 100.
49. Ferenci P, Bratausch-Marrain P, Waldhäusl WK, Nowotny P, Korn A. Impaired plasma amino acid clearance in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and portocaval shunt: its relation to insulin resistance. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1984 14 : 255 61.
50. Marchesini G, Forlani G, Zoli M et al. Effects of euglycemic insulin infusion on plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids in cirrhosis. Hepatology 1983 3 : 184 7.
51. Marchesini G, Bianchi GP, Vilstrup H, Checcia GA, Patrono D, Zoli M. Plasma clearances of branched-chain amino acids in control subjects and in patients with cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 1987 4 : 108 17.
52. Vilstrup H, Bucher D, Krog B, Damgard SE. Elimination of infused amino acids from plasma of control subjects and of patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Eur. J. Clin. Invest 1982 12 : 197 202.
53. Petrides AS, Luzi L, Reuben A, Riely C, DeFronzo RA. Effect of insulin and plasma amino acid concentration on leucine metabolism in cirrhosis. Hepatology 1991 14 : 432 41.
54. Marchesini G, Forlani G, Zoli M et al. Insulin and glucagon levels in liver cirrhosis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1979 24 : 594 601.
55. Iwasaki Y, Sato H, Ohkubo A et al. Effect of spontaneous portal-systemic shunting on plasma insulin and amino acid concentrations. Gastroenterology 1979 76 : 685 90.
56. Montanari A, Simoni I, Vallisa D et al. Free amino acids in plasma and skeletal muscle of patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatology 1988 8 : 1034 9.
57. Roth E, Funovics J, Karner J. Muscle amino acids levels in patients with liver diseases. In : Kleinberger G, Ferenci P, Riederer P, Thaler H, eds. Advances in Hepatic Encephalopathy and Urea Cycle Diseases. Basel : S. Karger, 1984 527 37.
58. Petrides AS, Stanley T, Matthews DE, Vogt C, Bush AJ, Lambeth H. Insulin Resistance in cirrhosis: prolonged reduction of hypersulinemia normalizes insulin sensitivity. Hepatology 1998 28 : 141 9.