Effect of variation in the protein value of the red macroalga Palmaria palmata on the feeding, growth and gonad composition of the sea urchins Psammechinus miliaris and Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata)

Aquaculture

Volumn 270, Issue 1-4, 2007, Pages 207-217

  Cook, Elizabeth J ^a   Kelly, Maeve S ^a  

^a SCOTTISH MARINE INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Macroalgal diets; Nutrition; Paracentrotus lividus; Psammechinus miliaris; Sea urchins

Indexed keywords

BROWN ALGA; ECHINODERM; FEEDING; GROWTH RATE; MICROALGA; NUTRITION; POLYCULTURE; PROTEIN; RED ALGA;

ECHINODERMATA; ECHINOIDEA; LAMINARIA; PALMARIA PALMATA; PARACENTROTUS; PARACENTROTUS LIVIDUS; PHAEOPHYCEAE; PSAMMECHINUS MILIARIS; RHODOPHYTA; SACCHARINA LATISSIMA;

EID: 34547662118     PISSN: 00448486     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.026     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Barnes D.K.A., Verling E., Crook A., Davidson I., and O'Mahoney M. Local population disappearance follows (20 yr after) cycle collapse in a pivotal ecological species. Mar. Ecol., Prog. Ser. 226 (2002) 311-313
2. Bidwell R.G.S., McLachlan J., and Lloyd N.D.H. Tank cultivation of Irish Moss, Chondrus crispus Stackh. Bot. Mar. 28 (1985) 87-97
3. Boudouresque C.F., and Verlaque M. Ecology of Paracentrotus lividus. In: Lawrence J.M. (Ed). Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology (2001), Elsevier, Amsterdam 177-216
4. Byrne M. Annual reproductive cycles of the commercial sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from an exposed intertidal and a sheltered subtidal habitat on the west coast of Scotland. Mar. Biol. 104 (1990) 275-289
5. Chapman A.R.O., and Craigie J.S. Seasonal growth in Laminaria longicruris: relations with dissolved inorganic nutrients and internal reserves of nitrogen. Mar. Biol. 40 (1977) 197-205
6. Chopin T., Sharp G., Belyea E., Semple R., and Jones D. Open-water aquaculture of the red alga Chondrus crispus in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Hydrobiologia 399 (1999) 417-425
7. Cook, E.J., 1999. Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin). Factors affecting its somatic growth and development, and its suitability as a species for sea urchin cultivation. PhD Thesis. Napier University, Edinburgh, pp. 168.
8. Cook E.J., Kelly M.S., and McKenzie J.D. Somatic and gonadal growth of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin) fed artificial salmon feed compared with a macroalgal diet. J. Shellfish Res. 17 (1998) 1549-1555
9. Cook E.J., Bell M.V., Black K.D., and Kelly M.S. Fatty acid compositions of gonadal material and diets of the sea urchin, Psammechinus miliaris: trophic and nutritional implications. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 255 (2000) 261-274
10. Demetropoulos C.L., and Langdon C.J. Enhanced production of Pacific dulse (Palmaria mollis) for co-culture with abalone in a land-based system: effects of stocking density, light, salinity, and temperature. Aquaculture 235 (2004) 471-488
11. Demetropoulos C.L., and Langdon C.J. Enhanced production of Pacific dulse (Palmaria mollis) for co-culture with abalone in a land-based system: effects of seawater exchange, pH, and inorganic carbon concentration. Aquaculture 235 (2004) 457-470
12. Demetropoulos C.L., and Langdon C.J. Effects of nutrient enrichment and biochemical composition of diets of Palmaria mollis on growth and condition of Japanese abalone, Haliotis discus hannai and red abalone, Haliotis rufescens. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 308 (2004) 185-206
13. Demetropoulos C.L., and Langdon C.J. Enhanced production of Pacific dulse (Palmaria mollis) for co-culture with abalone in a land-based system: nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace metal nutrition. Aquaculture 235 (2004) 433-455
14. Fernandez C., and Boudouresque C.F. Nutrition of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata : Echinoidea) fed different artificial food. Mar. Ecol., Prog. Ser. 204 (2000) 131-141
15. Fernandez C.M., and Caltagirone A. Growth rate of adult Paracentrotus lividus in a lagoon environment: the effect of different diet types. In: David B., Guille A., Feral J.P., and Roux M. (Eds). Echinoderms Through Time (1994), Balkema, Rotterdam 655-660
16. Fernandez C., and Pergent G. Effect of different formulated diets and rearing conditions on growth parameters in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. J. Shellfish Res. 17 (1998) 1571-1581
17. Frantzis A., and Grémare A. Ingestion, absorption, and growth rates of Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fed different macrophytes. Mar. Ecol., Prog. Ser. 95 (1992) 169-183
18. Fuji A. Ecological studies on the growth and food consumption of Japanese common littoral sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (Agassiz). Mem. Fac. Fish. Univ. Hokkaido 15 (1967) 83-160
19. Fujita R.M. The role of nitrogen status in regulating transient ammonium uptake and nitrogen storage by macroalgae. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 99 (1985) 283-301
20. Gonen Y., Kimmel E., and Friedlander M. Effect of relative water motion on photosynthetic rate of the red alga Gracilaria conferta. Hydrobiologia 260/261 (1993) 493-498
21. Griffiths M., and Perrot P. Seasonal changes in the carotenoids of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 55 (1976) 435-441
22. Guillou M., Grall J., and Connan S. Can low sea urchin densities control macro-epiphytic biomass in a north-east Atlantic mearl bed ecosystem (Bay of Brest, Brittany, France)?. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. 82 (2002) 867-876
23. Hagen Rødde R.S., Vårum K.M., Larsen B.A., and Myklestad S.M. Seasonal and geographical variation in the chemical composition of the red alga Palmaria palmata (L.) Kuntze. Bot. Mar. 47 (2004) 125-133
24. Hammer B.W., Hammer H.S., Watts S.A., Desmond R.A., Lawrence J.M., and Lawrence A.L. The effects of dietary protein concentration on feeding and growth of small Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata : Echinoidea). Mar. Biol. 145 (2004) 1143-1157
25. Hedges J.I., and Stern J.H. Carbon and nitrogen determinations of carbonate-containing solids. Limnology and Oceanology 29 (1984) 657-663
26. Himmelman J.H., and Nédélec H. Urchin foraging and algal survival strategies in intensely grazed communities in eastern Canada. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47 (1990) 1011-1026
27. Hughes A.D., Catarino A.I., Kelly M.S., Barnes D.K.A., and Black K.D. Gonad fatty acids and trophic interactions of the echinoid Psammechinus miliaris. Mar. Ecol., Prog. Ser. 305 (2005) 101-111
28. Kelly M.S. The reproductive cycle of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in a Scottish sea loch. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. 80 (2000) 909-919
29. Kelly M.S. Sea urchin aquaculture: a review and outlook. In: Munchen-Heinzeller N. (Ed). Echinoderms (2004), Taylor & Francis Group, London 283-289
30. Kelly M.S., and Cook E.J. The ecology of Psammechinus miliaris. In: Lawrence J.M. (Ed). Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology (2007), Elsevier, Amsterdam 287-296
31. Klinger T.S., and Lawrence J.M. Distance perception of food and the effect of food quality on feeding behaviour of Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Mar. Behav. Physiol. 11 (1985) 327-344
32. Klinger T.S., Lawrence J.M., and Lawrence A.L. Digestion, absorption, and assimilation of prepared feeds by echinoids. In: Mooi R., and Telford M. (Eds). Echinoderms: San Francisco (1998), Balkema, Rotterdam 713-721
33. Larson B.R., Vadas R.L., and Keser M. Feeding and Nutritional Ecology of the Sea-Urchin Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis in Maine, USA. Mar. Biol. 59 (1980) 49-62
34. Lawrence J.M. On the relationship between marine plants and sea urchins. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. 13 (1975) 213-286
35. Lawrence J.M. Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology (2001), Elsevier, Amsterdam 419 pp.
36. Lawrence J.M. Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology (2006), Elsevier, Amsterdam 380 pp.
37. Lawrence J.M., Régis M.B., Delmas P., Gras G., and Klinger T. The effect of quality of food on feeding and digestion in Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Mar. Behav. Physiol. 15 (1989) 137-144
38. Lawrence J.M., Olave S., Otaiza R., Lawrence A.L., and Bustos E. Enhancement of gonad production in the sea urchin Loxechinus albus in Chile fed extruded feeds. J. World Aquac. Soc. 28 (1997) 91-96
39. Mann K.H., Wright J.L.C., Welsford B.E., and Hatfield E. Responses of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (O.F. Müller) to water borne stimuli from potential predators and potential food algae. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 79 (1984) 233-244
40. Martinez B., Viejo R.M., Rico J.M., Rodde R.H., Faes V.A., Oliveros J., and Alvarez D. Open sea cultivation of Palmaria palmata (Rhodophyta) on the northern Spanish coast. Aquaculture 254 (2006) 376-387
41. Mathieson A.C., and Tveter E. Carrageenan ecology of Gigantina stellata (Stackhouse) Batters. Aquat. Bot. 2 (1976) 353-361
42. McBride S.C., Lawrence J.M., Lawrence A.C., and Mulligan T.J. The effect of protein concentration in prepared diets on growth, feeding rate, total organic absorption, and gross assimilation efficiency of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus. J. Shellfish Res. 17 (1998) 1562-1570
43. McLaughlin G., and Kelly M.S. Effect of artificial diets containing cartenoid-rich microalgae on gonad growth and colour in the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin). J. Shellfish Res. 20 (2001) 377-382
44. Meidel S.K., and Scheibling R.E. Effects of food type and ration on reproductive maturation and growth of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Mar. Biol. 134 (1999) 155-166
45. Minor M.A., and Scheibling R.E. Effects of food ration and feeding regime on growth and reproduction of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Mar. Biol. 129 (1997) 159-167
46. Neori A., Shpigel M., and Ben-Ezra D. A sustainable integrated system for culture of fish, seaweed and abalone. Aquaculture 186 (2000) 279-291
47. Otero-Villanueva M.D.M., Kelly M.S., and Burnell G. How diet influences energy partitioning in the regular echinoid Psammechinus miliaris; constructing an energy budget. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 304 (2004) 159-181
48. Pastor R. Distribución del erizo de mar, Paracentrotus lividus (Lmk), en la Ría de Vigo. Publ. técn. Dir. Gen. Pesca marít., Spain vol. 9 (1971) 255-270
49. Robinson S.M.C., Castell J.D., and Kennedy E.J. Developing suitable colour in the gonads of cultured green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis). Aquaculture 206 (2002) 289-303
50. Saldanha L. Estudo do povoamento dos horizontes superiors da rocha litoral da costa da Arrábida (Portugal). Arq. Mus. Bocage, Lisbon (1974) 1-382
51. Scheibling R.E., and Anthony S.X. Feeding, growth and reproduction of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) on single and mixed diets of kelp (Laminaria spp.) and the invasive alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides. Mar. Biol. 139 (2001) 139-146
52. Schlosser S.C., Lupatsch I., Lawrence J.M., Lawrence A.L., and Shpigel M. Protein and energy digestibility and gonad development of the European sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck) fed algal and prepared diets during spring and fall. Aquac. Res. 36 (2005) 972-982
53. Shpigel M., Ragg N.L., Lupatsch I., and Neori A. Protein content determines the nutritional value of the seaweed Ulva lactuca L. for the abalone Haliotis tuberculata L. and H. discus hannai Ino. J. Shellfish Res. 18 (1999) 227-233
54. Shpigel M., McBride S.C., Marciano S., Ron S., and Ben-Amotz A. Improving gonad colour and somatic index in the European sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Aquaculture 245 (2005) 101-109
55. Tsushima M., and Matsuno T. Comparative biochemical studies of carotenoids in sea-urchins - I. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 96 (1990) 801-810
56. Vadas R.L. Preferential feeding: an optimisation strategy in sea urchins. Ecol. Monogr. 47 (1977) 337-371
57. Vadas R.L., Beal B., Dowling T., and Fegley J.C. Experimental field tests of natural algal diets on gonad index and quality in the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis: a case for rapid summer production in post-spawned animals. Aquaculture 182 (2000) 115-135
58. Verlaque M. Biology of juveniles of the herbivorous sea-urchin, Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck) - selectivity of grazing and impact on rocky algal communities in Corsica (Mediterranean, France). Bot. Mar. 27 (1984) 401-424
59. Zar J.H. Biostatistical Analysis (1996), Prentice Hall International, Englewood Cliffs, NJ