The hole picture: risks, decision making, purpose, regulations, and the future of body piercing

Clinics in Dermatology

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 398-406

  Armstrong, Myrna L ^a   Koch, Jerome R ^b   Saunders, Jana C ^a   Roberts, Alden E ^b   Owen, Donna C ^a  

^a TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

^b TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; ART; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL ARTHRITIS; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BODY PIERCING; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTACT DERMATITIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENDOCARDITIS; HEALTH BELIEF MODEL; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; HYPERTROPHIC SCAR; IDENTITY; KELOID; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MOUTH INJURY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SELF ESTEEM; SKIN BLEEDING; SKIN DISEASE; SKIN IRRITATION; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIOECONOMICS; STANDARDIZATION; TISSUE INJURY; TOOTH INJURY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; BODY PIERCING; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; INFECTION CONTROL; RISK-TAKING; TATTOOING; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 34547660068     PISSN: 0738081X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Armstrong M.L., Ekmark E., and Brooks B. Body piercing: promoting informed decision making. J Sch Nurs 11 (1995) 20-25
2. Armstrong M.L. You pierced what?. Pediatr Nurs 22 (1996) 236-238
3. Caliendo C., Armstrong M.L., and Roberts A.E. Self-reported characteristics of women and men with intimate body piercings. J Adv Nurs 49 (2005) 474-484
4. Armstrong M.L., Caliendo C., and Roberts A.E. Genital piercings: what is known and what people with genital piercings tell us. Urol Nurs 26 (2006) 173-180
5. Armstrong M.L., Caliendo C., and Roberts A.E. Pregnancy, lactation, and intimate body piercings. AHWONN Lifelines 10 (2006) 212-217
6. Laumann A.E., and Derick A.J. Tattoos and body piercing in the United States: a national data set. J Am Acad Dermatol 55 (2006) 413-421
7. Grief J., Hewett W., and Armstrong M.L. Tattooing and body piercing: body art practices among college students. Clin Nurs Res 8 (1999) 238-244
8. Armstrong M.L., Roberts A.E., Koch J.R., et al. Contemporary college students and body piercing. J Adolesc Health 35 (2004) 58-61
9. Worp J., Boonstra A., Coutinho R.A., et al. Tattooing, permanent makeup and piercing in Amsterdam; guidelines, legislation and monitoring. Euro Surveill 11 (2006) 1-6
10. Rabinerson D, Horowitz E. Genital piercing. Harefuah 2005;144:736-8, 749.
11. Marenzi B. Body piercing: a patient safety issue. J Perianesth Nurs 19 (2004) 4-10
12. Reuters. Eyeball jewelry a new Dutch fashion trend: surgeons implant glittering shapes into eye's membrane. Retrieved November 15, 2004, from (2004). http://msnbc.com/id/4685961/
13. Halliday K.A. Body piercing: issues and challenges for nurses. J Forens Nurs 1 (2005) 47-57
14. Gold MA, Schorzman CM, Murray PJ. et al. Body piercing practices and attitudes among urban adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2005;36:352.e15.
15. Armstrong M.L., Roberts A.E., Owen D., et al. Toward building a composite of college student influences with body art. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs 27 (2004) 277-295
16. Makkai T., and McAllister I. Prevalence of tattooing and body piercing in the Australian community. Commun Dis Intell 25 (2001) 67-72
17. Gardyn R. Ink me stud-survey data on consumer attitudes towards body decoration-brief article-statistical data included. Retrieved 8/25/05 from (2001). http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m402/is_2001_Dec1/ai
18. Forbes G.B. College students with tattoos and piercings: motives, family experiences, personality factors, and perception by others. Psychol Rep 89 (2001) 774-786
19. Armstrong M.L., Roberts A.E., Koch J.R., et al. Investigating the removal of body piercings. Clin Nurs Res 16 (2007) 103-118
20. Mayers L., Judelson D., Moriarty B., et al. Prevalence of body art (body piercing and tattooing) in university undergraduates and incidence of medical complications. Mayo Clin Proc 77 (2002) 29-34
21. Armstrong M.L. Tattooing, body piercing, and permanent cosmetics: a historical and current view of state regulations, with continuing concerns. J Environ Health 67 (2005) 38-43
22. Tweetman S., and Rickman L. Infectious complications of body piercing. Clin Infect Dis 26 (1998) 735-740
23. Koenig L., and Carnes M. Body piercing: medical concerns with cutting-edge fashion. J Gen Intern Med 14 (1999) 379-385
24. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved February 10, 2006, from (2006). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/c/index.htm
25. Hayes M., and Harkness G. Body piercing as a risk factor for viral hepatitis: an integrative research review. Am J Infect Control 29 (2001) 271-274
26. Akhondi H., and Rahimi A.R. Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis after tongue piercing. Emerg Infect Dis 8 (2002) 1-5
27. Dubose J., and Pratt J.W. Victim of fashion: endocarditis after oral piercing. Curr Surg 61 (2004) 474-477
28. Friedel J.M., Stehlik J., Desai M., et al. Infective endocarditis after oral body piercing. Cardiol Rev 11 (2003) 252-255
29. Lee S.H., Chung M.H., Lee J.S., et al. A case of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis after ear piercing in a patient with normal cardiac valve and a questionnaire survey on adverse events of body piercing in college students of Korea. Scand J Infect Dis 38 (2006) 130-132
30. Lick S.D., Edozie S.N., Woodside K.J., et al. Streptococcus viridans endocarditis from tongue piercing. J Emerg Med 29 (2003) 57-59
31. Ochsenfahrt C., Friedle R., Hannekum A., et al. Ann Thorac Surg 71 (2001) 1365-1366
32. Papapanagiotou V.A., Foukarakis M.G., Fotiadis J.N., et al. Native tricuspid valve endocarditis in a young woman. Postgrad Med J 74 (1998) 637-638
33. Raja S.G., Shad S.K., and Dreyfus G.D. Body piercing: a rare cause of mitral valve endocarditis. J Heart Valve Dis 13 (2004) 854-856
34. Ramage I.J., Wilson N., and Thomson R.B. Fashion victim: infective endocarditis after nasal piercing. Arch Dis Child 77 (1997) 187
35. Tronel H., Chaudemanche H., Pechier N., et al. Endocarditis due to Neisseria mucosa after tongue piercing. Clin Microbiol Infect 7 (2001) 275-276
36. Weinberg J.B., and Blackwood R.A. Case report of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis after naval piercing. Pediatr Infect Dis J 22 (2003) 94-96
37. Fergusion A.W., Jollands A., Kirkpatrick M., Pringle S.D., and George N.D.L. Infective endocarditis presenting with Parinaud's dorsal midbrain syndrome. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 43 (2006) 41-43
38. Satchithananda D.K., Walsh J., and Schofield P.M. Bacterial endocarditis following repeated tattooing. Heart 85 (2001) 11-12
39. Armstrong M.L. Career-oriented women with tattoos. Image J Nurs Scholarsh 23 (1991) 215-220
40. Armstrong M.L., and McConnell C. Tattooing in adolescents: more common than you think: the phenomenon and risks. J Sch Nurs 10 (1994) 22-29
41. Armstrong M.L., and Pace-Murphy K. Tattooing: another risk-behavior in adolescents warranting national health teaching. Appl Nurs Res 10 (1997) 181-189
42. Carroll S., Riffenburgh R., Roberts T., et al. Tattoos and body piercings as indicators of adolescent risk-taking behaviors. Pediatrics 109 (2002) 1021-1027
43. Braithwaite R., Robillard A., Woodring T., et al. Tattooing and body piercing among adolescent detainees: relationship to alcohol and other drug use. J Subst Abuse 13 (2001) 5-16
44. Brooks T., Woods E., Knight J., et al. Body modification and substance use in adolescents: is there a link?. J Adolesc Health 32 (2003) 44-49
45. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) Public Use Dataset. Retrieved February 10, 2006, from (1996). http://www.cpc.unc.edu/addhealth
46. Roberts T., Auinger P., and Ryan S. Body piercing and high-risk behavior in adolescents. J Adolesc Health 34 (2004) 224-229
47. Ajzen I., and Fishbein M. Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior (1980), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (NJ)
48. In: Becker M.H. (Ed). The Health Belief Model and personal health behavior (1974), Society for Public Health Education, San Francisco
49. Rosenstock I. Why people use health services. Milbank Mem Fund Q 44 (1966) 94-127
50. Rosenstock I.M., Strecher V.J., and Marshall H.B. Social learning theory and the Health Belief Model. Health Educ Q 15 (1988) 175-183
51. Weitz R. The sociology of health, illness, and health care: a critical approach. 3rd ed. (2004), Wadsworth, Belmont (Calif)
52. Koch J.R., Roberts A.E., Harms Cannon J., et al. College students, tattooing, and the Health Belief Model. Sociol Spectr 25 (2005) 79-102
53. Drews D.R., Allison C.K., and Probst J.R. Behavioral and self-concept: differences on tattooed and non-tattooed college students. Psychol Rep 86 (2000) 475-481
54. Koch J.R., Roberts A.E., Armstrong M.L., et al. College students, tattoos, and sexual activity. Psychol Rep 97 (2005) 887-890
55. Nelson H.M., and Rooney J.F. Fire and brimstone, lager and pot: religious involvement and substance use. Soc Anal 43 (1982) 247-255
56. Cochran J., and Beeghley L. The influence of religion on attitudes toward nonmarital sexuality: a preliminary assessment of reference group theory. J Sci Study Relig 30 (1991) 45-62
57. Brown T.L., Parks G.S., Zimmerman R.S., et al. The role of religion in predicting adolescent alcohol use and problem drinking. J Stud Alcohol 62 (2001) 696-705
58. Jaynes W.H. Religious commitment and adolescent behavior. J Interdiscip Stud 13 (2001) 31-50
59. Ford J., and Kadushin C. Between sacral belief and moral community: a multidimensional approach to the relationship between religion and alcohol among blacks and whites. Soc Forum 17 (2002) 255-279
60. Koch J.R., Roberts A.E., Armstrong M.L., et al. Correlations of religious belief and practice on college students' tattoo-related behavior. Psychol Rep 94 (2004) 425-430
61. Koch J.R., Roberts A.E., Armstrong M.L., et al. Religious belief and practice in attitudes toward individuals with body piercing. Psychol Rep 95 (2004) 583-586
62. Netting N.S., and Burnett M.L. Twenty years of student sexual behavior: subcultural adaptations to a changing health environment. Adolescence 39 (2004) 19-38
63. Irwin K. Legitimating the first tattoo: moral passage through informal interaction. Symb Interact 24 (2001) 49-73
64. Armstrong M.L., and Fell R.P. Body art: regulatory issues and the NEHA body art model code. J Environ Health 62 (2000) 25-30
65. Papameletiou D, Zenie A, Sschwela D. et al. Risks and health effects from tattoos, body piercing and related practices. European Commission Directorate General Joint Research Center: Institute for Health and Consumer Protection Physical and Chemical Exposure Unit. 2003, Final Draft May 05.