Religious revival, nationalism and the 'invention of tradition': Political Tengrism in Central Asia and Tatarstan

Central Asian Survey

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 203-216

  Laruelle, Marlène ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL IDENTITY; CULTURAL TRADITION; ETHNICITY; NATIONAL IDENTITY; NATIONALISM; RELIGION;

ASIA; EURASIA; KYRGYZSTAN; RUSSIAN FEDERATION; TATARSTAN; WEST ASIA;

EID: 34547530208     PISSN: 02634937     EISSN: 14653354     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02634930701517433     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Interviews carried out with D. Sarygulov, R. Bezertinov, N. Ayupov, Z. Nauryzbaeva during the conference 'Tengrism as a new factor for the identity construction in Central Asia', organized by the French Institute for Central Asia Studies, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 25 February 2005.
2. E. J. Hobsbawn and T. Ranger, The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1995).
3. See the headword 'tänri', M. Th. Houtsma, A. J. Wensinck, E. Levi-Provencal, H.A.R. Gibb and W. Heffening (eds), Encyclopédie de l'Islam, Vol IV (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1934), p 685.
4. O. Suleymanov, Az i Ya (Alma-Ata: Zhazushy, 1975), p 271.
5. N.G. Ayupov, Tengrianstvo kak religioznaya sistema drevnikh tyurkov (Almaty, 1998).
6. E.Moroz, 'Ot iudaizma k tengrianstvu. Eshche raz o dukhovnykh poiskakh sovremennykh krymchakov krymskikh karaitov', Narod Knigi v mire knig No 52, 2004, pp 1-6.
7. T.Mukanov, 'Svetlaya vera rodiny tyurkov. K 100-letiyu restavratsii tengrianskoi very na Altae', Rukh- Miras, Astana, No 2, 2004, pp 73-80.
8. See M. Laruelle, 'The discipline of culturology: A new "Ready-made Thought" for Russia?', Diogenes, Vol 204, 2004, pp 21-36.
9. See R. Mukhametchin, 'Les composants islamiques de la politique confessionnelle en république du Tatarstan', in M. Laruelle and S. Peyrouse (eds),Islam et politique en ex-URSS. Russie d'Europe et Asie centrale (Paris: L'Harmattan, IFEAC, 2005), pp 41-59.
10. See R. Hamayon, 'Construction of a national emblem, recomposition of identities and "Heroic" millenarianism in post-Soviet Buryatia. A reappraisal', in Takashi Irimoto and Takako Yamada (eds), Circumpolar Ethnicity and Identity (Osaka: Senri Ethnological Studies 66, 2004), pp 293-305
11. R. Hamayon, 'Shamanism, Buddhism and epic heroism: Which supports the identity of the post-Soviet Buryats?', Central Asian Survey, Vol 17, No 1, 1998, pp 51-67.
12. See M. Laruelle, 'L'appartenance à l'islam comme critère politique? La politisation des Directions spirituelles et la constitution de partis musulmans en Russie', in M. Laruelle and S. Peyrouse (eds), op cit, Ref 9, pp 85-115.
13. A. Atabek, 'Tengrianstvo - osnova natsional'nogo samosoznaniya kazakhov', Beznen-Yul, No 1, 2006, http://www.beznen-yul.narod.ru/ arhiv/2006/1san/tengri.htm (accessed 15 October 2006).
14. A. Akayev, Kyrgyzskaya gosudarstvennost' i narodnyi epos Manas (Bishkek: Uchkun, 2002), p 83.
15. I thank my proofreader who shared this reference with me
16. See on that issue Vechernyi Bishkek, 21 February 2006, www.centrasia.org/newsA.php4?st=1140514860 (accessed 12 September 2006).
17. D. Karimov, 'Kirgiziya - ne obshchii dom?', Vechernyi Bishkek, 24 February 2006 www.vb.kg/2006/02/24/protiv/1_print.html (accessed 12 November 2006)
18. N. Mulladzhanov, 'Sumeet-li Dastan Sarygulov sdelat' tengrianstvo natsional'noi ideologiei?', www.parohod.kg/news3/ print.php?subaction=showfull&id=1137465840&archive= (accessed 12 November 2006).
19. M. Introvigne, Le New Age des origines à nos jours. Courants, mouvements, personnalités (Paris: Dervy, 2005).
20. N.G. Ayupov, 'Naturfilosofiya tengrianstva', Evraziya. Obshchestvenno-politicheskii i literaturnokhudozhestvennyi zhurnal, No 6, 2004, pp 66-71.
21. René Guénon (1886-1951) formalized the main concepts of Traditionalism in the 1920s. Traditionalism believes in the Tradition, that is, in the existence of a world that was steady in its religious, philosophical, and social principles and started disappearing with the advent of modernity in the 16th century. For Guénon, all religions and esoteric traditions - regardless of their concrete practice - reveal the existence of a now-extinct original sacred Tradition. He then urges the modern world to regain an awareness of this unity in the face of the desacralization and secularization of the modern world. Through this appeal, he has influenced numerous Gnostic and Masonic currents, as well as several Sufi orders.
22. M. Sedgwick, Against the Modern World. Traditionalism and the Secret Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).
23. D. Sarygulov, XXI vek v sud'be kochevnikov (Bishkek: Fond Tengir-Ordo, 2001), 146 pp.
24. D. Sarygulov, XXI vek: Chelovek i obshchestvo (Bishkek: Fond Tengir-Ordo, 2003), p 48.
25. D. Sarygulov, Tengrianstvo i global'nye problemy sovremennosti (Bishkek: Fond Tengir-Ordo, 2002), p 35.
26. Ibid, p 38.
27. Interview with Raphaël Bezertinov, Almaty, 25 February 2005.
28. Sarygulov, op cit, Ref 22, p 35.
29. Ibid, p 13.
30. D. Sarygulov. Kyrgyzy: Proshloe, nastoyashchee i budushchee (Bishkek, 2005), p 31.
31. Ibid, p 24
32. D. Sarygulov, 'Ideologiya dolzhna byt' uslyshana serdtsem i vostrebovana dushoi, Slovo Kyrgyzstana, 3 December 2005, www.sk.kg/2005/n119/ 6.html (accessed 20 November 2006).
33. M. Adzhi, 'Tengrianstvo v kontekste mirovoi kul'tury', Evrazijskoe soobshchestvo, No 1, 1998, pp 78-92.
34. Bolgars represented the ancient Turkic population of Volga - Kama region, which was subjected to the Mongol empire, and then assimilated, little by little, under the ethnonym of Tatar. The Bolgarist movement nowadays tries to bring back this historical and ethnic reference in order to assert Tatar autochthonism and to refuse any assimilation to the Mongols. See V. Shnirelman, Who Gets the Past? Competition for Ancestors among Non-Russian Intellectuals in Russia (Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), pp 40-45
35. V. Shnirelman, 'Ot konfessional'nogo k etnicheskomu: Bulgarskaya ideya v natsional'nom samosoznanii kazanskikh tatar v XX veke', Vestnik Evrazii, Nos 1-2, 1999, pp 137-159.
36. Sarygulov, op cit, Ref 27, p 14.
37. R. N. Bezertinov, Tengrianstvo - religiya tyurkov i mongolov (Kazan: Slovo, 2004), p 10.
38. Ibid, p 14.
39. N.G. Ayupov, 'Tengrianstvo', Izvestiya Akademii nauk respubliki Tadzhikistan, Nos 3-4, 2002, p 86.
40. Ibid, p 92.
41. N. Ospanuly, 'Tyurkskaya ontologiya: Metafizicheskie osnovaniya tengrianstva', Evrazijskoe soobshchestvo, No 1, 1998, p 184.
42. Anon, 'Katekhizis dlya nerusskikh', Beznen-Yul, No 1, 2006, http://www.beznen-yul.narod.ru/arhiv/2006/1san/KATEHIZIS.htm (accessed 24 September 2006).
43. On Dugin, see M. Laruelle, 'Aleksandr Dugin: A russian version of the European radical right?', Kennan Institute Occasional Papers No 294, 2006, 32 pp, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/OP294.pdf.
44. Sarygulov, op cit, Ref 27, p 92.
45. Ibid, p 54.
46. Ibid, p 8.
47. R. Birdib, 'Globalizm - politika kolonizatorov', Beznen-Yul, No 1, 2006, http://www.beznen-yul.narod.ru/arhiv/2006/1san/global.htm (accessed 24 September 2006).
48. A. I. Mukhambetova, 'Tengrianskii kalendar' i vremya kazakhskoi kul'tury', Evraziya. Obshchestvennopoliticheskii i literaturno-khudozhestvennyi zhurnal, No 2, 2001, p 13.
49. Sarygulov, op cit, Ref 27, p 27.
50. Bezertinov, op cit, Ref 33, p 229.
51. Ibid, p 337.
52. Anon, 'O smeshannikh brakakh', Beznen-Yul, No 3, 2005, http://beznen-yul.narod.ru/arhiv/2005/3san/smeshan.htm (accessed 25 September 2006).
53. A. Atabek, 'Lyudi i bogi ili kak vybirat' religiyu', Beznen-Yul, No 2, 2005, p 2.
54. Bezertinov, op cit, Ref 33, p 34.
55. Ibid, p 4.
56. V. Shnirelman, 'Nazad k yazychestvu? Triumfal'noe shestvie neoyazychestva po prostoram Evrazii', in V. Shnirelman (ed), Neoyazychestvo na prostorakh Evrazii (Moscow: Bibleysko-bogoslovskii Institut, 2001), pp 162-164.
57. 'Privyz k priverzhentsam etnicheskikh religii ural'skikh narodov', Beznen-Yul, No 12, 2002, http://www.beznen-yul.narod.ru/arhiv/ 2002/12san/prizyv.htm (accessed 25 September 2006).
58. On that issue, see M. Laruelle, 'The return of the Aryan myth: Tajikistan in search for a secularized national ideology', Nationalities Papers, Vol 35, No 1, 2007, pp 51-70.