Total flash density and the intracloud/cloud-to-ground lightning ratio over the Iberian Peninsula

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 112, Issue 13, 2007, Pages

  Soriano, L Rivas ^a   de Pablo, F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SALAMANCA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY; CLOUDS; LIGHTNING; METEOROLOGY;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING; ELECTRON DENSITY; NSCAT; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION;

BALEARIC ISLANDS; EURASIA; EUROPE; IBERIAN PENINSULA; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; SOUTHERN EUROPE; SPAIN;

EID: 34547513306     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007624     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Biagi, C. J., J. Jeraud, J. A. Cramer, K. L. Cummins, E. P. Krider, K. E. Kehoe, V. A. Rakov, and M. A. Uman (2006), Performance Validation of the 2002-2003 Upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network, Proceedings of the 19th International Lightning Detection Conference (ILDC), Tucson, AZ.
2. Boccippio, D. J., S. J. Goodman, and S. Heckman (2000a), Regional differences in tropical lightning distributions, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 2231-2248.
3. Boccippio, D. J., W. Koshak, R. Blakeslee, K. Driscoll, D. Mach, D. Buechler, W. Boeck, H. J. Christian, and S. J. Goodman (2000b), The optical transient detector (OTD): Instrument characteristics and cross-sensor validation, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 441-458.
4. Boccippio, D. J., K. L. Cummins, H. J. Christian, and S. J. Goodman (2001), Combined satellite- and surface-based estimation of the intracloud-cloud-to-ground lightning ratio over the Continental United States, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 108-129.
5. Buechler, D. E., K. T. Driscoll, S. J. Goodman, and H. J. Christian (2000), Lightning activity within a tornadic thunderstorm observed by the Optical Transient Detector (OTD), Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2253-2256.
6. Christian, H. J., et al. (2003), Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the Optical Transient Detector, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D1), 4005, doi:10.1029/2002JD002347.
7. Cummins, K. L., M. J. Murphy, E. A. Bardo, W. L. Hiscox, R. B. Pyle, and A. E. Pifer (1998), A combined TOA/MDF technology upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D8), 9035-9044.
8. Holt, M. A., P. J. Hardaker, and G. P. McLelland (2001), A lightning climatology for Europe and UK, 1990-99, Weather, 56, 290-296.
9. Lang, T. J., S. A. Rutledge, J. E. Dye, M. Venticinque, P. Laroche, and E. Defer (2000), Anomalously low negative cloud-to-ground lightning flash rates in intense convective storms observed during STERAO-A, Mon. Weather Rev., 128, 160-173.
10. MacGorman, D. R., and D. W. Burgess (1994), Positive cloud-to-ground lightning in tornadic storms and hailstorms, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 1671-1697.
11. MacGorman, D. R., and K. E. Nielsen (1991), Cloud-to-ground lightning in a tornadic storm on 8 May 1986, Mon. Weather Rev., 119, 1557-1574.
12. MacGorman, D. R., D. W. Burgess, V. Mazur, W. D. Rust W. L. Taylor, and B. C. Johnson (1989), Lightning rates relative to tornadic storm evolution on 22 May 1981, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 221-250.
13. Mackerras, D., M. Darveniza, R. E. Orville, E. R. Williams, and S. J. Goodman (1998), Global lightning: Total, cloud and ground flash estimates, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 19,791-19,809.
14. Orville, R. E., G. R. Huffines, W. R. Burrows, R. L. Holle, and K. L. Cummins (2002), The North American Lightning Detection Network (NALDN)-first results: 1998-2000, Mon. Weather Rev., 130, 2098-2109.
15. Pérez Puebla, F. (2004), Cooperación entre las redes de rayos de España y Portugal, 28th Jornadas Científicas de la Asociación Meteorológica Española, Badajoz, Spain.
16. Pierce, E. T. (1970), Latitudinal variation of lightning parameters, J. Appl. Meteorol., 9, 194-195.
17. Pinto, O., Jr., I. R. C. A. Pinto, J. H. Diniz, A. C. Filho, L. C. L. Cherchiglia, and A. M. Carvalho (2003a), A seven-year study about negative cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics in southeastern Brazil, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 65, 739-748.
18. Pinto, O., Jr., I. R. C. A. Pinto, and H. H. Faria (2003b), A comparative analysis of lightning data from lightning networks and LIS sensor in the North and Southeast Brazil, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(2), 1073, doi:10.1029/2002GL016009.
19. Prentice, S. S., and D. Mackerras (1977), The ratio of cloud to cloud-ground lightning flashes in thunderstorms, J. Appl. Meteorol., 16, 545-549.
20. Rivas Soriano, L., F. de Pablo, and C. Tomas (2005), Ten-year study of cloud-to-ground lightning activity in the Iberian Peninsula, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 67, 1632-1639.
21. Rutledge, S. A., E. R. Williams, and T. D. Keenan (1992), The Down Under Doppler and electricity Experiment (DUNDEE): Overview and preliminary results, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 73, 3-16.
22. Schulz, W., K. Cummins, G. Diendofer, and M. Dorninger (2005), Cloud-to-ground lightning in Austria: A 10-year study using data from a lightning location system, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D09101, doi:10.1029/2004JD005332.
23. Shindo, T., and S. Yokoyama (1998), Lightning occurrence data observed with lightning location systems in Japan: 1992-1995, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 13, 1368-1474.
24. Soula, S., Y. Seity, L. Feral, and H. Sauvageot (2004), Cloud-to-groung lightning activity in hail-bearing storms, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D02101, doi:10.1029/2003JD002669.
25. Wacker, R. S., and R. E. Orville (1999a), Changes in measured lightning flash count and return stroke peak current after the 1994 U.S. National Lightning Detection Network upgrade: 1. Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2151-2157.
26. Wacker, R. S., and R. E. Orville (1999b), Changes in measured lightning flash count and return stroke peak current after the 1994 U.S. National Lightning Detection Network upgrade: 2. Theory, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2159-2162.
27. Williams, E., K. Rothkin, D. Stevenson, and D. Boccippio (2000), Global lightning variations caused by changes in thunderstorm flash rate and by changes in the number of thunderstorms, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 2223-2230.