Thromboembolic risk in the patient with heart failure

Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 310-317

  Klein, Liviu ^b   O'Connell, John B ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; ANTIVITAMIN K; CLOPIDOGREL; DALTEPARIN; ENALAPRIL; ENOXAPARIN; FONDAPARINUX; HEPARIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; PLACEBO; RAMIPRIL; RIVAROXABAN; WARFARIN;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLEEDING; CARDIOMYOPATHY; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HEMATOMA; HEPARIN INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HUMAN; INJECTION SITE CONTUSION; INTRACARDIAC THROMBOSIS; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LOW DRUG DOSE; LUNG EMBOLISM; MONOTHERAPY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHLEBOTOMY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; THROMBOEMBOLISM; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

EID: 34547500203     PISSN: 10928464     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11936-007-0026-1     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Rosamond W, Flegal K, Friday G, et al.: Heart disease and stroke statistics-2007 Update. A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2007, 115:e69-el7l.
2. Jafri SM, Ozawa T, Mammen E, et al.: Platelet function, thrombin and fibrinolytic activity in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J 1993, 14:205-212.
3. Yamamoto K, Ikeda U, Furuhashi K, et al.: The coagulation system is activated in idiopathic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995, 25:1634-1640.
4. Lip GYH, Gibbs CR: Does heart failure confer a hypercoagulable state? J Am Coll Cardiol 1999, 33:1424-1426.
5. Katz SD, Hryniewicz K, Hriljac I, et al.: Vascular endothelial dysfunction and mortality risk in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 2005, 111:310-314.
6. Belch JJ, Lowe GD, Ward AG, et al.: Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in medical patients by low-dose heparin. Scott Med J 1981, 26:115-117.
7. Samama MM, Cohen AT, Darmon JY, et al.: A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. Prophylaxis in Medical Patients with Enoxaparin Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999, 341:793-800.
8. Alikhan R, Cohen AT, Combe S, et al.: Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with acute medical illness. Analysis of the MEDENOX study. Arch Intern Med 2004, 164:963-968.
9. Beemath A, Stein PD, Skaf E, et al.: Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients hospitalized with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2006, 98:793-795.
10. Beemath A, Skaf E, Stein PD: Pulmonary embolism as a cause of death in adults who died with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2006, 98:1073-1075.
11. Darze ES, Latado AL, Guimaraes AG, et al.: Incidence and clinical predictors of pulmonary embolism in severe heart failure patients admitted to a coronary care unit. Chest 2005, 128:2576-2580.
12. Ogren M, Bergqvist D, Eriksson H, et al.: Prevalence and risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with intracardiac thrombosis: a population-based study of 23 796 consecutive autopsies. Eur Heart J 2005, 26:1108-1114.
13. Fuster V, Gersh BJ, Giuliani ER, et al.: The natural history of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1981, 47:525-531.
14. Gottdiener JS, Gay JA, Van Voorhees L, et al.: Frequency and embolic potential of left ventricular thrombus in dilated cardiomyopathy. Assessment by 2-dimensional echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1983, 52:1281-1285.
15. Diaz RA, Obasohan A, Oakley CM: Prediction of outcome in dilated cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J 1987, 58:393-399.
16. Ciaccheri M, Castelli G, Cecchi F, et al.: Lack of correlation between intracavitary thrombus detected by cross-sectional echocardiography and systemic emboli in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J 1989, 62:26-29.
17. Blondheim DS, Jacobs LE, Kotler MN, et al.: Dilated cardiomyopathy with mitral regurgitation: decreased survival despite a low frequency of left ventricular thrombus. Am Heart J 1991, 122:763-771.
18. Falk RH, Foster E, Coats MH: Ventricular thrombi and thromboembolism in dilated cardiomyopathy: a prospective follow-up study. Am Heart J 1992, 123:136-142.
19. Katz SD, Marantz PR, Biasucci L, et al.: Low incidence of stroke in ambulatory patients with heart failure: a prospective study. Am Heart J 1993, 126:141-146.
20. Natterson PD, Stevenson WG, Saxon LA, et al.: Risk of arterial embolization in 224 patients awaiting cardiac transplantation. Am Heart J 1995, 129:564-570.
21. Cioffie G, Pozzoli M, Forni G, et al.: Systemic thromboembolism in chronic heart failure. A prospective study in 406 patients. Eur Heart J 1996, 17:1381-1389.
22. Kyrle PA, Kominger C, Gossinger H, et al.: Prevention of arterial and pulmonary embolism by oral anticoagulants in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Thromb Haemost 1985, 54:521-S23.
23. Hays AG, Sacco RL, Rundek T, et al.: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction and the risk of ischemic stroke in a multiethnic population. Stroke 2006, 37:1715-1719.
24. Heir JA, Silverstein MD, Mohr DN, et al.: Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based case-control study. Arch Intern Med 2000, 160:809-815.
25. Howell MD, Geraci JM, Knowlton AA: Congestive heart failure and outpatient risk of venous thromboembolism: a retrospective, case-control study. J Clin Epidemiol 2001, 54:810-816.
26. Samama MM: An epidemiologic study of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in medical outpatients: the SIRIUS study. Arch Intern Med 2000, 160:3415-3420.
27. Dunkman WB, Johnson GR, Carson PE, et al.: Incidence of thromboembolic events in congestive heart failure. Circulation 1993, 87(suppl IV):94-101.
28. Dries DL, Rosenberg YD, Waclawiw MA, et al.: Ejection fraction and risk of thromboembotic events in patients with sinus rhythm: evidence of gender difference in the studies of left ventricular dysfunction trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997, 29:1074-1080.
29. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators [no authors listed]. Lancet 1993, 342:821-828.
30. Loh E, Sutton MJ, Wun CC, et al.: Ventricular dysfunction and the risk of stroke after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997, 336:251-257.
31. Gibbs CR, Blann AD, Watson RD, et al.: Abnormalities of hemorheological, endothelial, and platelet function in patients with chronic heart failure in sinus rhythm. Circulation 2001, 103:1746-1751.
32. Sbarouni E, Bradshaw A, Andreorti F, et al.: Relationship between hemostatic abnormalities and neuroendocrine activity in heart failure. Am Heart J 1994, 127:607-612.
33. Chong AY, Blann AD, Patel J, et al.: Endothetial dysfunction and damage in congestive heart failure: relation of flow-mediated dilation to circulating endothelial cells, plasma indexes of endothelial damage, and brain natriuretic peptide. Circulation 2004, 110:1794-1798.
34. Kleber FX, Witt C, Vogel G, et al.: Randomized comparison of enoxaparin with unfractionated heparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical patients with heart failure or severe respiratory disease. Am Heart J 2003, 145:614-621.
35. Leizorovicz A, Cohen AT, Turpie AG, et al.: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of dalteparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. Circulation 2004, 110:874-879.
36. Cohen AT, Davidson BL, Gallus AS, et al.: Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in older acute medical patients: randomized placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2006, 332:325-329.
37. Harvey WP, Finch CA: Dicumarol prophylaxis of thromboembolic disease in congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1950, 242:208-211.
38. Anderson GM, Hull E: The effect of dicumarol upon the mortality and incidence of thromboembolic complications in congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 1950, 39:697-702.
39. Griffiths GC, Stragnell R, Levinson DC, et al.: A study of the beneficial effects of anticoagulant therapy in congestive heart failure. Ann Intern Med 1952, 37:867-887.
40. Al-Khadra AS, Salem DN, Rand WM, et al.: Warfarin anticoagulation and survival: a cohort analysis from the studies of left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998, 31:749-753.
41. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group [no authors listed]. N EnglJ Med 1987, 316:1429-1435.
42. Echemann M, Alla F, Briancon S, et al.: Antithrombotic therapy is associated with better survival in patients with severe heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (EPICAL study). Eur J Heart Fail 2002, 4:647-654.
43. Cleland JG, Findlay I, Jafri S, et al.: The Warfarin/Aspirin Study in Heart failure (WASH): a randomized trial comparing antithrombotic strategies for patients with heart failure. Am Heart J 2004, 148:157-164.
44. Massie BM, Krol WF, Ammon SE, et al.: The Warfarin and Antiplatelet Therapy in Heart Failure trial (WATCH): rationale, design, and baseline patient characteristics. J Card Fail 2004, 10:101-112.
45. Massie BM, Krol WF, Ammon SE, et al.: Final results of the Warfarin and Antiplatelet Therapy in Heart Failure trial (WATCH): a randomized comparison of warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel. Paper presented at the Annual Scientific Session of the American College of Cardiology. New Orleans, LA; March 7-10, 2004.
46. Cokkinos DV, Haralabopoulos GC, Kostis JB, et al.: Efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in chronic heart failure: the HELAS study. Eur J Heart Fail 2006, 8:428-432.
47. Pullicino P, Thompson JL, Barton B, et al.: Warfarin versus aspirin in patients with reduced cardiac ejection fraction (WARCEF): rationale, objectives, and design. J Card Fail 2006, 12:39-46.
48. Al-Khadra AS, Salem DN, Rand WM, et al.: Antiplatelet agents and survival: a cohort analysis from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998, 31:419-425.
49. Nguyen KN, Aursnes I, Kjekshus J: Interaction between enalapril and aspirin on mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Subgroup Anal Cooperative New Scand Enalapril Survival Study II (CONSENSUS II). Am J Cardiol 1997, 15:115-119.