Egg flotation estimates nest age for Pacific and Red-throated Loons

Waterbirds

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 207-213

  Rizzolo, Daniel J ^a   Schmutz, Joel A ^a  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Egg flotation; Gavia pacifica; Gavia stellata; Nest age; Pacific Loon; Red throated Loon

Indexed keywords

AGE DETERMINATION; EGG PRODUCTION; ESTIMATION METHOD; INCUBATION; NEST STRUCTURE; SEABIRD; SURVIVAL;

ALASKA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

GAVIA PACIFICA; GAVIA STELLATA;

EID: 34547471569     PISSN: 15244695     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Afton, A. D. 1980. Factors affecting incubation rhythms of Northern Shovelers. Gondor 82: 132-137.
2. Ball, J. R., D. Esler and J. A. Schmutz. 2007. Proximate composition, energetic value, and relative abundance of prey fish from the inshore eastern Bering Sea: implications for piscivorous predators (in press). Polar Biology, DOE 10.1007/s00300-006-0227-1.
3. Barr, J. F., G. Eberl and J. W. McIntyre. 2000. Red-throated Loon ( Gavia stellata). In The Birds of North America, No. 513 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
4. Brua, R. B. and K. L. Machin. 2000. Determining and testing the accuracy of incubation stage of Ruddy Duck eggs by flotation. Wildfowl 51: 181-189.
5. Burnham, K. P. and D. R. Anderson. 2002. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
6. Carroll, J. P. 1988. Egg-flotation to estimate incubation stage of Ring-necked Pheasants. Wildlife Society Bulletin 16: 327-329.
7. Cooch, E. G., D. B. Lank, A. Dzubin, R. F. Rockwell and F. Cooke. 1991. Body size variation in Lesser Snow Geese: environmental plasticity in gosling growth rates. Ecology 72: 503-512.
8. Dinsmore, S. J., G. C. White and F. L. Knopf. 2002. Advanced techniques for modeling avian nest survival. Ecology 83: 3476-3488.
9. Eichholz, M. W. and J. S. Sedinger. 1998. Factors affecting duration of incubation in Black Brant. Condor 100: 164-168.
10. Feldheim, C. L. 1997. The length of incubation in relation to nest initiation date and clutch size in dabbling ducks. Condor 99: 997-1001.
11. Grand, J. B., T. F. Fondell, D. A. Miller and R. M. Anthony. 2006. Nest survival in Dusky Canada Geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis): use of discrete-time models. Auk 123: 198-210.
12. Grant, T. A., T. L. Shaffer, E. M. Madden and P. J. Pietz. 2005. Time-specific variation in passerine nest survival: new insights into old questions. Auk 122: 661-672.
13. Groves, D. J., B. Conant, R. J. King, J. I. Hodges and J. G. King. 1996. Status and trends of loon populations summering in Alaska, 1971-1993. Condor 98: 189-195.
14. Hanson, H. C. 1954. Criteria of age of incubated Mallard, Wood Duck, and Bobwhite Quail eggs. Auk 71: 267-272.
15. Hepp, G. R., R. A. Kennamer and W. F. Harvey IV. 1990. Incubation as a reproductive cost in female Wood Ducks. Auk 107: 756-764.
16. Klett, A. T. and D. H. Johnson. 1982. Variability in nest survival rates and implications to nesting studies. Auk 99: 77-87.
17. Lindholm, A., G. Gauthier and A. Desrochers. 1994. Effects of hatch date and food-supply on gosling growth in arctic-nesting Greater Snow Geese. Condor 96: 898-908.
18. Littell, R. C., G. A. Milliken, W. W. Stroup and R. D. Wolfinger. 1996. SAS System for Mixed Models. Second Edition. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
19. Lokemoen, J. T. and R. R. Koford. 1996. Using candlers to determine the incubation stage of passerine eggs. Journal of Field Ornithology 67: 660-668.
20. Mabee, T. J., A. M. Wildman and C. B. Johnson. 2006. Using egg flotation and eggshell evidence to determine age and fate of Arctic shorebird nests. Journal of Field Ornithology 77: 163-172.
21. MacCluskie, M. C., P. L. Flint and J. S. Sedinger. 1997. Variation in incubation periods and egg metabolism in Mallards: intrinsic mechanisms to promote hatch synchrony. Condor 99: 224-228.
22. MacCinskie, M. C. and J. S. Sedinger. 1999. Incubation behavior of Northern Shovelers in the subarctic: a contrast to the prairies. Condor 101: 417-421.
23. McCaffery, B. 1998. The status of loons in Alaska, a preliminary needs assessment. Alaska Loon Working Group. Unpublished Report.
24. McIntyre, J. W. and J. F. Barr. 1997. Common Loon (Gavia immer). In The Birds of North America, No. 313
25. (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA; American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
26. Nol, E. and H. Blokpoel. 1983. Incubation period of Ring-billed Gulls and the egg immersion technique. Wilson Bulletin 95: 283-286.
27. North, M. R. 1994. Yellow-billed Loon (Gavia adamsii). In The Birds of North America, No. 121 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA; American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
28. Petersen, M. R. 1989. Nesting biology of Pacific Loons (Gavia pacifica) on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Canadian Field-Naturalist 103: 265-269.
29. Ricklefs, R. E. and C. A. Smeraski. 1983. Variation in incubation period within a population of the European Starling. Auk 100: 926-931.
30. Rotella, J. J., S. J. Dinsmore and T. L. Shaffer. 2004. Modeling nest-survival data: a comparison of recently developed methods that can be implemented in MARK and SAS. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 27: 187-205.
31. Russell, R. W. 2002. Pacific Loon (Gavia pacifica) and Arctic Loon (Gavia arctica). In The Birds of North America, No. 657 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA; American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
32. SAS Institute, Inc. 1999. SAS/STAT Software, Version 8.0. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
33. Sedinger, J. S. and P. L. Flint. 1991. Growth is negatively correlated with hatch date in Black Brant. Ecology 72: 496-502.
34. Sedinger, J. S. and D. G. Raveling. 1986. Timing of nesting by Canada Geese in relation to the phenology and availability of their food plants. Journal of Animal Ecology 55: 1083-1102.
35. Shaffer, T. L. 2004. A unified approach to analyzing nest success. Auk 121: 526-540.
36. Skutch, A. F. 1962. The constancy of incubation. Wilson Bulletin 74: 115-152.
37. Stephens, S. E., J. J. Rotella, M. S. Lindberg, M. L. Taper and J. K. Ringelman. 2005. Duck nest survival in the Missouri Coteau region of North Dakota: landscape effects at multiple spatial scales. Ecological Applications 15: 2137-2149.
38. Suarez, M. E., H. R. Wilson, B. N. McPherson, F. B. Mather and C. J. Wilcox. 1996. Low temperature effects on embryonic development and hatch time. Poultry Science 75: 924-932.
39. Traylor, J. J., R. T. Alisauskas and F. P. Kehoe. 2004. Nesting ecology of White-winged Scoters (Melanitta fusca deglandi) at Redberry Lake, Saskatchewan. Auk 121: 950-962.
40. Van Paassen, A. G., D. H. Veldman and A. J. Beintema. 1984. A simple device for determination of incubation stages in eggs. Wildfowl 35: 173-178.
41. Walter, S. E. and D. H. Rusch. 1997. Accuracy of egg flotation in determining age of Canada Goose nests. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25: 854-857.
42. Weller, M. W. 1956. A simple field candler for waterfowl eggs. Journal of Wildlife Management 20: 111-113.
43. Westerkov, K. 1950. Methods for determining the age of game bird eggs. Journal of Wildlife Management 14: 56-67.
44. Wolfinger, R. 1993. Covariance structure selection in general mixed models. Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation 22: 1079-1106.