Including the sub-grid scale plume rise of vegetation fires in low resolution atmospheric transport models

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 7, Issue 13, 2007, Pages 3385-3398

  Freitas, S R ^a   Longo, K M ^a   Chatfield, R ^b   Latham, D ^c   Silva Dias, M A F ^a,f   Andreae, M O ^d   Prins, E ^e   Santos, J C ^a   Gielow, R ^a   Carvalho Jr , J A ^g  

^a INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS   (Brazil)

^b NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^c USDA FOREST SERVICE   (United States)

^d MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^g SÃO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY UNESP   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRBORNE SURVEY; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; ATMOSPHERIC PLUME; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; BIOMASS BURNING; CARBON MONOXIDE; MODEL VALIDATION; ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING; SATELLITE DATA; THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING; TROPOSPHERE; VEGETATION; VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION; WILDFIRE;

AMAZON BASIN; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 34547462179     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-7-3385-2007     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Alexander, M. E.: Calculating and interpreting forest fires intensities, Can. J. Bot., 60, 349-357, 1982.
2. Andreae, M.: Biomass burning: its history, use and distribution and its impact on environmental quality and global climate, in: Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic and Biospheric Implications, edited by: Levine, J. S., MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 3-21, 1991.
3. Andreae, M., Rosenfeld, D., Artaxo, P., Costa, A., Frank, G., Longo, K. M., and Silva Dias, M A. F.: Smoking rain clouds over the Amazon, Science, 303, 1342-1345, 2004.
4. Berry, E. X.: Modification of the warm rain process, Preprints, 1st Natl. Conf. on Weather Modification, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Albany, NY, 81-88, 1968.
5. Byram, G. M.: Combustion of forest fires, in: Forest Fire Control and Use, edited by: Davis, K. P., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1959.
6. Carvalho Jr., J. A., Santos, J. M., Santos, J. C., Leitão, M., and Niguchi, N.: A tropical rainforest clearing experiment by biomass burning in the Manaus region, Atmos. Environ., 29, 2301-2309, 1995.
7. Chatfield, R. B., and Delany, A. C.: Convection links biomass burning to increased tropical ozone: However, models will tend to overpredict O3, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18473-18488, 1990.
8. Clark, T. L., Jenkins, M. A., Coen, J. and Packham, D.: A coupled atmosphere-fire model: Convective feedback on fire-line dynamics, J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 875-901, 1996.
9. Clark, T. L., Griffiths, M., Reeder, M. J. and Latham, D.: Numerical simulations of grassland fires in the Northern Territory, Australia: A new subgrid-scale fire parameterization, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D18), 4589, doi:10.1029/2002JD003349, 2003.
10. Davies, H. C.: Limitations of some common lateral boundary schemes used in regional NWP models, Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1002-1012, 1983.
11. Deeter, M. N., Emmons, L. K., Francis, G. L., Edwards, D. P., Gille, J. C., Warner, J. X., Khattatov, B., Ziskin, D., Lamarque, J.-F., Ho, S.-P., Yudin, V., Atti, J.-L., Packman, D., Chen, J., Mao, D., Drummond, J. R.: Operational carbon monoxide retrieval algorithm and selected results for the MOPITT instrument, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D14), 4399, doi:10.1029/2002JD003186, 2003.
12. Freitas, S. R., Longo, K. M., Silva Dias, M., Silva Dias, P., Chatfield, R., Prins, E., Artaxo, P., Grell, G., and Recuero, F.: Monitoring the transport of biomass burning emissions in South America, Environmental Fluid Mechanics, doi: 10.1007/s10652-005-0243-7, 5(1-2), 135-167, 2005.
13. Freitas, S. R., Longo, K. M., and Andreae, M. O.: Impact of including the plume rise of vegetation fires in numerical simulations of associated atmospheric pollutants, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17808, doi:10.1029/ 2006GL026608, 2006.
14. Fromm, M., Alfred, J., Hoppel, K., Hornstein, J., Bevilacqua, R., Shettle, E., Servranckx, R., Li, Z., and Stocks, B.: Observations of boreal forest fire smoke in the stratosphere by POAM III, SAGE II, and lidar in 1998, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1407-1410, 2000.
15. Fromm, M. and Servranckx, R.: Transport of forest fire smoke above the tropopause by supercell convection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1542, doi:10.1029/2002GL016820, 2003.
16. Gevaerd, R. and Freitas, S. R.: Estimativa operacional da umidade do solo para iniciação de modelos de previsão numérica da atmosfera. Parte I: Descrição da metodologia e validaç ão, Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 21(3), 1-15, 2006.
17. Grell, G. and Devenyi, D.: A generalized approach to parameterizing convection combining ensemble and data assimilation techniques, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(14), doi:10.1029/2002GL015311, 2002.
18. Griffin, G. F. and Friedel, M. H.: Effects in fire in Central Australia rangelands. I - Fire and fuel characteristics and change in herbage and nutrients, Aust. J. Ecol., 9, 381-393, 1984.
19. Grishin, A. M.: Mathematical modelling of forest fires, in: Fire in Ecosystems of Boreal Eurasia, edited by: Goldammer, J. G. and Furyaev, V. V., Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., pp. 285-302, 1996.
20. Guyon, P., Frank, G. P., Welling, M., Chand, D., Artaxo, P., Rizzo, L., Nishioka, G., Kolle, O., Fritsch, H., Silva Dias, M. A. F., Gatti, L. V., Cordova, A. M., and Andreae, M. O.: Airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosol particle emissions from biomass burning in Amazonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2989-3002, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/2989/2005/.
21. Heikes, L., Ransohoff, L., and Small, R.: Numerical simulation of small area fires, Atmos. Environ., 24A, 297-307, 1990
22. Hill, G. E.: Factors controlling the size and spacing of cumulus clouds as revealed by numerical experiments, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 646-673, 1974.
23. Jost, H., Drdla, K., Stohl, A., et al.: In-situ observations of mid-latitude forest fire plumes deep in the stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L11101, doi:10.1029/2003GL019253, 2004.
24. Kaufman, Y.: Remote sensing of direct and indirect aerosol forcing, in: Aerosol Forcing of Climate, edited by: Charlson, R. J. and Heintzenberg, J., John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 297-332, 1995.
25. Kessler, E.: On the distribution and continuity of water substance in atmospheric circulation models, Meteor. Monographs, 10, Am. Meteorol. Soc. Boston, MA, 1969.
26. Latham, D.: PLUMP: A one-dimensional plume predictor and cloud model for fire and smoke managers, General Technical Report INT-GTR-314, Intermountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Nov, 1994.
27. Lavoué, D., Liousse, C., Cachier, H., Stocks, B. J., and Goldammer, J. G.: Modeling of carbonaceous particles emitted by boreal and temperate wildfires at northern latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 26 871-26 890, 2000.
28. Lilly, D. K.: On the numerical simulation of buoyant convection, Tellus, XIV, 2, 148-172, 1962.
29. Liousse, C., Penner, J. E., Chuang, C., Walton, J. J., Eddleman, H., and Cachier, H.: A global three-dimensional model study of carbonaceous aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D14), 19411-19432, 1996.
30. Longo, K. M., Freitas, S. R., Silva Dias, M., Silva Dias, P.: Numerical modelling of the biomass-burning aerosol direct radiative effects on the thermodynamics structure of the atmosphere and convective precipitation. In: International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography (ICSHMO), 8., Foz do Iguaçu, Proceedings, São José dos Campos: INPE, CD-ROM, ISBN 85-17-00023-4, p. 283-289, 2006.
31. Luderer, G., Trentmann, J., Winterrath, T., Textor, C., Herzog, M., Graf, H.-F., and Andreae, M. O.: Modeling of biomass smoke injection into the lower stratosphere by a large forest fire (Part II): sensitivity studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5261-5277, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/5261/2006/.
32. Manins, P. C.: Cloud heights and stratospheric injections from a thermonuclear war, Atmos. Environ., 19, 1245-1255, 1985.
33. McCarter, R. and Broido, A.: Radiative and convective energy from wood crib fires, Pyrodinamics, 2, 65-85, 1965.
34. Morton, R., Taylor, G., and Turner, J.: Turbulent gravitational convection from maintained and instantaneous sources, Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 234, 1-23, 1956.
35. Ogura, Y. and Takahashi, T.: Numerical simulation of the life cycle of a thunderstorm cell, Mon. Wea. Rev., 99, 895-911, 1971.
36. Penner, J. E., Haselman Jr., L. C., and Edwards, L. L.: Smoke-plume distribution above large-scale fires: Implications for simulations of "Nuclear Winter", J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 25, 1434-1444, 1986.
37. Poppe, D., Koppmann, R., and Rudolph, J.: Ozone formation in biomass burning plumes: Influence of atmospheric dilution, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3823-3826, 1998.
38. Prins, E., Feltz, J., Menzel, W., and Ward, D.: An overview of GOES-8 diurnal fire and smoke results for SCAR-B and 1995 fire season in South America, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D24), 31 821-31 835, 1998.
39. Reid, J. S., Koppmann, R., Eck, T. F., and Eleuterio, D. P.: A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/5/799/2005/.
40. Riggan, P., Tissell, R., Lockwood, R., Brass, J., Pereira, J., Miranda, H., Miranda, A., Campos, T., and Higgins, R.: Remote measurement of energy and carbon flux from wildfires in Brazil, Ecol. Appl., 14, 3, 855-872, 2004.
41. Rosenfeld, D., Fromm, M., Trentmann, J., Luderer, G., Andreae, M. O., and Servranckx, R.: The Chisholm firestorm: observed microstructure, precipitation and lightning activity of a pyro-cumulonimbus, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 645-659, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/645/2007/.
42. Simpson, J. and Wiggert, S.: Models of precipitating cumulus towers, Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 471-489, 1969.
43. Smagorinsky, J.: General circulation experiments with the primitive equations. Part I, The basic experiment, Mon. Wea. Rev., 91, 99-164, 1963.
44. Small, R.D. and Heikes, K.: Early cloud formation by large area fires, J. Appl. Meteorol., 27, 654-663, 1988.
45. Trentmann J., Andreae, M. O., Graf, H.-F., Hobbs, P. V., Ottmar, R. D., and Trautmann, T.: Simulation of a biomass-burning plume: Comparison of model results with observations, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D2), 4013, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000410, 2002.
46. Trentmann, J., Luderer, G., Winterrath, T., Fromm, M., Servranckx, R., Textor, C., Herzog, M., Graf, H.-F., and Andreae, M. O.: Modeling of biomass smoke injection into the lower stratosphere by a large forest fire (Part I): reference simulation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5247-5260, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/5247/2006/.
47. Tremback, C., Powell, J., Cotton, W., and Pielke, R.: The forward in time upstream advection scheme: Extension to higher orders, Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 540-555, 1987.
48. Tripoli, G. and Cotton, W.: The Colorado State University three-dimensional cloud-mesoscale model. Part I: General theoretical framework and sensitivity experiments, J. Res. Atmos., 16, 185-219, 1982.
49. Turner, J. S.: Buoyancy effects in fluids, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 368 pp., 1973.
50. Turquety, S., Logan, J., Jacob, D., Hudman, R., Leung, F., Heald, C., Yantosca, R., Wu, S., Emmons, L., Edwards, D., and Sachse, G.: Inventory of boreal fire emissions for North America in 2004: the importance of peat burning and pyro-convective injection, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12S03, doi:10.1029/2006JD007281, 2007.
51. Viegas, D. X.: Convective processes in forest fires, in: Buoyant Convection in Geophysical Flows, edited by: Plate, E. J., Fedorovich, E. E., Viegas, D. X., and Wyngaard, J. C., Kluwer Academic Publishers, AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 401-420, 1998.
52. Walko, R., Band, L., Baron, J., Kittel, F., Lammers, R., Lee, T., Ojima, D., Pielke, R., Taylor, C., Tague, C., Tremback, C., and Vidale, P.: Coupled atmosphere-biophysics-hydrology models for environmental modeling, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 6, 931-944, 2000.
53. Wang, J., Christopher, S. A., Nair, U. S., Reid, J. S., Prins, E. M., Szykman, J., and Hand, J. L.: Mesoscale modeling of Central American smoke transport to the United States: 1. "Top-down" assessment of emission strength and diurnal variation impacts, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D05S17, doi:10.1029/2005JD006416, 2006.