The effect of ventilation strategies of child care centers on indoor air quality and respiratory health of children in Singapore

Indoor Air

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 317-327

  Zuraimi, M S ^a   Tham, K W ^a   Chew, F T ^a   Ooi, P L ^a,b  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

^b MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Indoor air quantity; Respiratory symptoms; Tropics; Ventilation strategies

Indexed keywords

AIR CONDITIONING; AIR QUALITY; DISEASES; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; TROPICS; VENTILATION;

CHILD CARE; CONCENTRATION LEVELS; HEALTH OF CHILDREN; HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE; INDOOR AIR; INDOOR AIR QUALITY; INDOOR AIR QUANTITY; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; SINGAPORE; VENTILATION STRATEGY;

MULTIVARIANT ANALYSIS;

EID: 34547437758     PISSN: 09056947     EISSN: 16000668     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00480.x     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Asher, M.I., Keil, U., Anderson, H.R., Beasley, R., Crane, J., Martinez, F., Mitchell, E.A., Pearce, N., Sibbald, B., Stewart, A.W., Strachan, D., Weiland, S.K. Williams, H.C. (1995) International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods, Eur. Respir. J., 8, 483 491.
2. Batterman, S.A. Burge, H.A. (1995) HVAC systems as emission sources affecting indoor air quality: a critical review, Int. J. HVAC&R Res., 1, 61 78.
3. BCD (1983) Handbook on Energy Conservation in Building and Building Services, Singapore, Building Control Division, Public Works Department, Ministry of National Development.
4. Brundage, J.F., Scott, R.M., Lednar, W.M., Smith, D.W. Miller, R.N. (1988) Building-associated risk of febrile acute respiratory diseases in Army trainees, JAMA, 259, 2108 2112.
5. Cano-Ruiz, J.A., Kong, D., Balas, R.B. Nazaroff, W.W. (1993) Removal of reactive gases at indoor surfaces: combining mass transport and surface kinetics, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 2039 2050.
6. Chew, F.T., Goh, D.Y.T., Ooi, B.C. Lee, B.W. (1998a) Time trends and seasonal variation in acute childhood asthma in tropical Singapore, Respir. Med., 92, 345 350.
7. Chew, F.T., Doraisingham, S., Ling, A.E., Kumarasinghe, G. Lee, B.W. (1998b) Seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in the tropics, Epidemiol. Infect., 121, 121 128.
8. Chew, F.T., Goh, D.Y., Ooi, B.C., Saharom, R., Hui, J.K. Lee, B.W. (1999) Association of ambient air-pollution levels with acute asthma exacerbation among children in Singapore, Allergy, 54, 320 329.
9. Deal, E.C., Jr., McFadden, E.R., Jr., Ingram, R.H., Jr., Breslin, F.J. Jaeger, J.J. (1980) Airway responsiveness to cold air and hyperpnea in normal subjects and in those with hay fever and asthma, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 121, 621 628.
10. Doraisingham, S., Goh, K.T., Ling, A.E. Yu, M. (1988) Influenza surveillance in Singapore: 1972-86, Bull. World Health Organ., 66, 57 63.
11. Drinka, P.J., Krause, P., Schilling, M., Miller, B.A., Shult, P. Gravenstein, S. (1996) Report of an outbreak: nursing home architecture and influenza-A attack rates, J. Am. Ger. Soc., 44, 910 913.
12. ENV (1998) Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Child Care Centres/Kindergartens/Pre-school Centres, Singapore, Ministry of the Environment, Quarantine and Epidemiology Department (now under Ministry of Health, MOH).
13. Ferris, B.G. (1978) Epidemiology standardization project, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 118 (Pt 2 1 53.
14. Forsman, G. (2001) Differences in Prevalence of Allergic Symptoms and Airway Infections between Different Day Care Centers in Karlstad, Sweden, Report, Miljovetenskap C, Institutionen for Natur och miljo, Karlstads Universitet.
15. Goh, D.Y., Chew, F.T., Quek, S.C. Lee, B.W. (1996) Prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in Singapore schoolchildren, Arch. Dis. Child., 74, 131 135.
16. Hagerhed-Engman, L., Bornehag, C.G., Sundell, J. Aberg, N. (2006) Day-care attendance and increased risk for respiratory and allergic symptoms in preschool age, Allergy, 61, 447 453.
17. Hernandez, S.F., Morales, H.R., Cuevas, R.P. Gallardo, H.G. (1999) The day care as a risk factor for acute respiratory infections, Arch. Med. Res., 30, 216 223.
18. IOM (2000) Clearing the Air. Asthma and Indoor Air Exposures, Washington, DC, The Institute of Medicine, The National Academy Press.
19. Jaakkola, J.J.K. (2000) Day-care centers and health. In : Spengler, J.D., Samet, J.M. McCarthy, J.F. (eds) Indoor Air Quality Handbook, 69.1 69.20, New York, McGraw-Hill.
20. Jones, N.C., Thornton, C.A., Mark, D. Harrison, R.M. (2000) Indoor/outdoor relationships of particulate matter in domestic homes with roadside, urban and rural locations, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2603 2612.
21. Koshinen, O., Husman, T., Hyvarinen, A., Reponen, T., Nevalainen, A. (1997) Two moldy day-care centers: a follow-up study of respiratory symptoms and infections, Indoor Air, 7, 262 268.
22. Lee, J. (1994) Odds ratio or relative risk for cross sectional data?, Int. J. Epidemiol., 23, 201 203.
23. Lim, G., Tan, T.K. Toh, A. (1989) The fungal problem in buildings in the humid tropics, Int. Biodeterior., 25, 27 37.
24. Lim, S.H., Chew, F.T., Siti Dahlia, B.M.D., Tan, H.T.W., Lee, B.W. Tan, T.K. (1998) Outdoor airborne fungal spores in Singapore, Grana, 37, 246 252.
25. Lundqvist, G.R., Iversen, M. Korsgaard, J. (1982) Indoor climate in low ventilated day care institutions, Environ. Int., 8, 139 142.
26. Macher, J.M. (1989) Positive-hole correction of multiple-jet impactors for collecting viable microorganisms, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 50, 561 568.
27. Mendell, M.J., Fisk, W.J., Deddens, J.A., Seavey, W.G., Smith, A.H., Smith, D.F., Hodgson, A.T., Daisey, J.M. Goldman, L.R. (1996) Elevated symptom prevalence associated with ventilation type in office buildings, Epidemiology, 7, 583 589.
28. Mendell, M.J., Naco, G.M., Wilcox, T.G. Sieber, W.K. (2003) Environmental risk factors and work-related lower respiratory symptoms in 80 office buildings: an exploratory analysis of NIOSH data, Am. J. Ind. Med., 43, 630 641.
29. Myatt, T.A., Johnston, S.L., Zuo, Z., Wand, M., Kebadze, T., Rudnick, S. Milton, D.K. (2004) Detection of airborne rhinovirus and its relation to outdoor air supply in office environments, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 1, 1187 1190.
30. Nevalainen, A. Seuri, M. (2005) Of microbes and men, Indoor Air, 15, 58 64.
31. NIOSH (1998) Sampling and Characterization of Bioaerosols. NIOSH Manual Anal. Methods, 4, 82 112.
32. Robertson, A.S., Burge, P.S., Hedge, A., Sims, J., Gill, F.S., Finnegan, M., Pickering, C.A. Dalton, G. (1985) Comparison of health problems related to work and environmental measurements in two office buildings with different ventilation systems, Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 10, 373 376.
33. Roulet, C.-A. Foradini, F. (2002) Simple and cheap air change rate measurement using CO2, Int. J. Vent., 1, 39 44.
34. Ruotsalainen, R., Jaakkola, J.J.K. Jaakkola, N. (1993) Ventilation and indoor air quality in Finnish daycare centers, Environ. Int., 19, 109 119.
35. Weschler, C.J. (2000) Ozone in indoor environments: concentration and chemistry, Indoor Air, 10, 269 288.
36. Wong, N.H., Feriadi, H., Lim, P.Y., Tham, K.W., Sekhar, C. Cheong, K.W. (2002) Thermal comfort evaluation of naturally ventilated public housing in Singapore, Build. Environ., 37, 1267 1277.
37. Zocchetti, C., Consonni, D. Bertazzi, P.A. (1997) Relationship between prevalence rate ratios and odds ratios in cross-sectional studies, Int. J. Epidemiol., 26, 220 223.
38. Zuraimi, M.S., Tham, K.W. Sekhar, S.C. (2003) The effects of ventilation operations in determining contributions of VOCs sources in air-conditioned tropical buildings, Build. Environ., 38, 23 32.
39. Zuraimi, M.S., Weschler, C.J., Tham, K.W. Fadeyi, M.O. (2007) The impact of building recirculation rates on secondary organic aerosols generated by indoor chemistry, Atmos. Environ., in press.