Expectancy, Homework Compliance, and Initial Change in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 75, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 363-373

  Westra, Henny A ^a   Dozois, David J A ^b   Marcus, Madalyn ^a  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

anxiety; CBT outcomes; change mechanisms; expectancy; homework

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXPECTANCY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ACHIEVEMENT; ANXIETY; ATTITUDE; DEMOGRAPHY; FEAR; METHODOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; WORKLOAD;

ACHIEVEMENT; ADULT; ANXIETY; ATTITUDE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DEMOGRAPHY; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; QUESTIONNAIRES; WORKLOAD;

EID: 34547436797     PISSN: 0022006X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.75.3.363     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. (1994), Author, Washington, DC
2. Arnkoff D.B., Glass C.R., and Shapiro S.J. Expectations and preferences. In: Norcross J.C. (Ed). Psychotherapy relationships that work: Therapist contributions and responsiveness to patients (2002), Oxford University Press, London 335-356
3. Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory (1986), Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
4. Barlow D.H. Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. 2nd ed. (2002), Guilford Press, New York
5. Baron R.M., and Kenny D.A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 (1986) 1173-1182
6. Beck A.T., Epstein N., Brown G., and Steer R.A. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properites. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 56 (1988) 893-897
7. Beck A.T., Steer R.A., and Brown G.K. Beck Depression Inventory manual. 2nd ed. (1996), Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX
8. Blackburn I.M., and Bishop S. Changes in cognition with pharmacotherapy and cognitive therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry 143 (1983) 609-617
9. Bootzin R.R., and Lick J.R. Expectancies in therapy research: Interpretive artifact or mediating mechanism?. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 47 (1979) 852-855
10. Brown T.A., Antony M.M., and Barlow D.H. Psychometric properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire in a clinical anxiety disorders sample. Behavior Research and Therapy 30 (1992) 33-37
11. Casey L.M., Newcombe P.A., and Oei T.P.S. Cognitive mediation of panic severity: The role of catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations and panic self-efficacy. Cognitive Therapy and Research 29 (2005) 187-200
12. Chambless D.L., and Gillis M.M. Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 61 (1993) 248-260
13. Chambless D.L., Tran G.Q., and Glass C.R. Predictors of response to cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 11 (1997) 221-240
14. Collins K.A., Westra H.A., Dozois D.J.A., and Stewart S.H. The validity of the brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 19 (2005) 345-359
15. Constantino M.J., Arnow B.A., Blasey C., and Agras W.S. The association between patient characteristics and the therapeutic alliance in cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal therapy for bulimia nervosa. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 73 (2005) 203-211
16. Craske M.G., and Barlow D.H. Mastery of your anxiety and panic III (2000), Graywind Publications, Boulder, CO
17. Crits-Christoph P., Connolly M.B., Gallop R., Barber J.P., Tu X., Gladis M., et al. Early improvement during manual-guided cognitive and dynamic psychotherapies predicts 16-week remission status. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research 10 (2001) 145-154
18. De Araujo L.A., Ito L.M., and Marks I.M. Early compliance and other factors predicting outcome of exposure for obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 169 (1996) 747-752
19. Dozois, D. J. A., & Covin, R. (2004). The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS). In M. Hersen (Series Ed.), D. L. Segal (Vol. Ed.), & M. Hilsenroth (Vol. Ed.), Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment: Vol. 2. Personality assessment and psychopathology (pp. 50-69). New York: Wiley.
20. Dozois D.J.A., Dobson K.S., and Ahnberg J.L. A psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Assessment 10 (1998) 83-89
21. Dozois D.J., and Westra H.A. Development of the Anxiety Change Expectancy Scale (ACES) and validation in college, community, and clinical samples. Behaviour Research and Therapy 43 (2005) 1655-1672
22. Dozois D.J.A., Westra H.A., Collins K.A., Fung T.S., and Garry J.K.F. Stages of change in anxiety: Psychometric properties of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale. Behavior Research and Therapy 42 (2004) 711-729
23. Edelman R.E., and Chambless D.L. Compliance during sessions and homework in exposure based treatment of agoraphobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 31 (1993) 767-773
24. First M.B., Gibbon M., Spitzer R.L., and Williams J.B.W. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Research Version (SCID-I, Version 2.0) (1996), Biometrics Research, New York
25. Foa E.B., and Kozak M.J. Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin 99 (1986) 20-35
26. Frank J.D. Persuasion and healing: A comparative study of psychotherapy (1973), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
27. Frank J.D., and Frank J.B. Persuasion and healing: A comparative study of psychotherapy. 3rd ed. (1991), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
28. Goodman L.A. On the exact variance of products. Journal of the American Statistical Association 55 (1960) 708-713
29. Greenberg R.P., Constantino M.J., and Bruce N. Are patient expectations still relevant for psychotherapy process and outcome?. Clinical Psychology Review 26 (2006) 657-678
30. Holmbeck G.N. Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literature. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 65 (1997) 599-610
31. Horvath A.O., and Bedi R.P. The alliance. In: Norcross J.C. (Ed). Psychotherapy relationships that work: Therapist contributions and responsiveness to patients (2002), Oxford University Press, New York 37-69
32. Ilardi S.S., and Craighead W.E. The role of nonspecific factors in cognitive-behavior therapy for depression. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 1 (1994) 138-156
33. Joyce A.S., Ogrodniczuk J.S., Piper W.E., and McCallum M. The alliance as mediator of expectancy effects in short-term individual therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 71 (2003) 672-679
34. Kazantzis N., Deane F.P., and Ronan K.R. Homework assignments in cognitive and behavioral therapy: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 7 (2000) 189-202
35. Kelly M.A., Roberts J.E., and Ciesla J.A. Sudden gains in cognitive behavioral treatment for depression: When do they occur and do they matter?. Behaviour Research and Therapy 43 (2005) 703-714
36. Kirsch I. Placebo psychotherapy: Synonym or oxymoron?. Journal of Clinical Psychology 61 (2005) 791-803
37. Laguna, L. B., Hope, D. A., & Herbert, J. D. (1994, 3). Homework compliance and improvement in cognitive-behavioral group therapy with social phobics. Paper presented at the meeting of the Anxiety Disorders Association of America, Santa Monica, CA.
38. Leary M.R. A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 9 (1983) 371-375
39. Leung A.W., and Heimberg R.G. Homework compliance, perceptions of control, and outcome of cognitive-behavioral treatment of social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 34 (1996) 423-432
40. McNally R.J. Automaticity and the anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy 33 (1995) 747-754
41. Meyer B., Pilkonis P.A., Krupnick J.L., Egan M.K., Simmens S.J., and Sotsky S.M. Treatment expectancies, patient alliance, and outcome: Further analyses from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 70 (2002) 1051-1055
42. Meyer T.J., Miller M.L., Metzger R.L., and Borkovec T.D. Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy 28 (1990) 487-495
43. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Anxiety: Management of anxiety (panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder) in adults in primary, secondary and community care (2004). http://www.nice.org.uk/CG022quickrefguide Retrieved December 20, 2004 from www.nice.org.uk/CG022quickrefguide
44. Penava S.J., Otto M.W., Maki K.M., and Pollack M.H. Rate of improvement during cognitive-behavioral group treatment for panic disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 36 (1998) 665-673
45. Peterson R.A., and Reiss S. Anxiety Sensitivity Index manual. 2nd ed. (1992), International Diagnostic Systems, Worthington, OH
46. Preacher K.J., and Hayes A.F. SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 36 (2004) 717-731
47. Preacher K.J., and Leonardelli G.J. Calculation for the Sobel test: An interactive calculation tool for mediation tests [computer software] (2001). http://www.quantpsy.org Retrieved October 20, 2005 from http://www.quantpsy.org
48. Renaud J., Brent D.A., Baugher M., Birmaher B., Kolko D.J., and Bridge J. Rapid response to psychosocial treatment for adolescent depression: A two-year follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 37 (1998) 1184-1190
49. Segal D.L., Hersen M., and Van Hasselt V.B. Reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R: An evaluative review. Comprehensive Psychiatry 35 (1994) 316-327
50. Skre I., Onstad S., Torgersen S., and Kringlen E. High interrater reliability for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Axis I (SCID-I). Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia 84 (1991) 167-173
51. Snyder C.R., Ilardi S., Michael S., and Cheavens J. Hope theory: Updating a common process for psychological change. In: Snyder C.R., and Ingram R.E. (Eds). Handbook of psychological change: Psychotherapy processes and practices for the 21st century (2000), Wiley, New York 128-153
52. Tang T.Z., and DeRubeis R.J. Sudden gains and critical sessions in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 67 (1999) 894-904
53. Watson D., and Friend R. Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 33 (1969) 448-457
54. Weinberger J., and Eig A. Expectancies: The ignored common factor in psychotherapy. In: Kirsch I. (Ed). How expectancies shape experience (1999), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 357-382
55. Westen D., and Morrison K. A multidimensional meta-analysis of treatments for depression, panic, and generalized anxiety disorder: An empirical examination of the status of empirically supported therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 69 (2001) 875-899
56. Westra, H. A. (1998). Managing anxiety and panic. Unpublished manuscript.
57. Westra, H. A., & Dozois, D. J. A. (in press). Integrating motivational interviewing into the treatment of anxiety. In H. Arkowitz, H. A. Westra, W. R. Miller, & S. Rollnick, (Eds.) Motivational interviewing and mental health. New York: Guilford Press.
58. Westra H.A., and Dozois D.J.A. Preparing clients for cognitive behavioural therapy: A randomized pilot study of motivational interviewing for anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research 30 (2006) 481-498
59. Westra H.A., Dozois D.J.A., and Boardman C. Predictors of treatment change and engagement in cognitive-behavioral group therapy for depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 16 (2002) 227-241
60. Westra H.A., Stewart S.H., and Conrad B.E. Naturalistic manner of benzodiazepine use and cognitive behavioral therapy outcome in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 36 (2002) 1-14
61. Woods C.M., Chambless D.L., and Steketee G. Homework compliance and behavior therapy outcome for panic with agoraphobia and obsessive compulsive disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 31 (2002) 88-95
62. Woody S.R., and Adessky R.S. Therapeutic alliance, group cohesion, and homework compliance during cognitive-behavioral group treatment of social phobia. Behavior Therapy 33 (2002) 5-27