Industrial citizenship, social citizenship, corporate citizenship: I just want my wages

Theoretical Inquiries in Law

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2007, Pages

  Mundlak, Guy ^a  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34547339034     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15653404     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2202/1565-3404.1166     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. GUY STANDING, GLOBAL LABOUR FLEXIBILITY: SEEKING DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE (1999);
2. ALAIN SUPIOT, BEYOND EMPLOYMENT: CHANGES IN WORK AND THE FUTURE OF LABOUR LAW IN EUROPE (2001).
3. THOMAS HUMPHREY MARSHALL, CLASS, CITIZENSHIP AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (Greenwood Press 1973) (1950).
4. JACK BARBALET, CITIZENSHIP: RIGHTS, STRUGGLE AND CLASS INEQUALITY 9 (1988).
5. THOMAS JANOSKI, CITIZENSHIP AND CIVIL SOCIETY: A FRAMEWORK OF RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS IN LIBERAL, TRADITIONAL AND SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC REGIMES (1998).
6. Carl Gersuny, Industrial Rights: A Neglected Facet of Citizenship Theory, 15 ECON. & INDUS. DEMOCRACY 211 (1994).
7. THOMAS HUMPHREY MARSHALL, Citizenship and Social Class, in CLASS, CITIZENSHIP AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, supra note 2, at 103.
8. For an account of the secondary nature of these rights, see Judy Fudge, After Industrial Citizenship: Market Citizenship or Citizenship at Work, 60 INDUS. REL. 1 (2005).
9. See JANOSKI, supra note 4. Not all authors who have expanded on the idea of industrial citizenship have sustained this distinction. Cf. Colin Crouch, The Globalized Economy: An End to the Age of Industrial Citizenship, in ADVANCING THEORY IN LABOUR LAW AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT 151, 152 (T. Wilthagen ed., 1998).
10. Id.; CITIZENSHIP AND SOCIAL THEORY (Bryan Turner ed., 1993).
11. See MARSHALL, supra note 6, at 92.
12. See JANOSKI, supra note 4.
13. GØSTA ESPING-ANDERSEN, THE THREE WORLDS OF WELFARE CAPITALISM (1990);
14. PETER HALL & DAVID SOSKICE, VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM: THE INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE (2001).
15. Otto Kahn-Freund, On Uses and Misuses of Comparative Law, 37 MOD. L. REV. 1 (1974);
16. KATHLEEN THELEN, HOW INSTITUTIONS EVOLVE: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SKILLS IN GERMANY (2004).
17. There are, however, several bodies of literature on the topic that are strongly embedded in state-based industrial relations and legal systems. For example, there is the resurgent interest on the topic in Canada, originally stirred by Harry Arthurs, Developing Industrial Citizenship: A Challenge for Canada's Second Century, 45 CAN. BAR REV. 786 (1967);
18. and for a current assessment, see Michel Coutu & Gregory Murray, Towards Citizenship at Work?, 60 INDUS. REL. 617 (2005);
19. Fudge, supra note 7.
20. 1 refer interchangeably to discourse or framework. The assumption is that human rights, labor studies and citizenship studies are not looking at different practices. They look at the same institutions but consider them along different lines of thought. The manner in which the problematics are defined has an effect on both the descriptive and normative outcomes of analysis. See ALAN HUNT, EXPLORATIONS IN LAW AND SOCIETY: TOWARDS A CONSTITUTIVE THEORY OF LAW (1993).
21. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Dec. 16, 1966, 999 U.N.T.S. 171;
22. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Dec. 16, 1966, 993 U.N.T.S. 3.
23. SHELDON LEADER, FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION: A STUDY IN LABOR LAW AND POLITICAL THEORY (1992);
24. Patrick Macklem, The Right to Bargain Collectively in International Law: Workers' Right, Human Right, International Right?, in LABOUR RIGHTS AS HUMAN RIGHTS 61 (Philip Alston ed., 2005).
25. Cees Flinterman, Three Generations of Human Rights, in HUMAN RIGHTS IN A PLURALIST WORLD: INDIVIDUALS AND COLLECTIVITIES 75 (Jan Berting et al. eds., 1990) emphasizes third-generation rights as collective rights; others discuss emerging rights that were not sufficiently recognized in the "second generation" such as environmental rights and -more directly relevant to the topic of this Article - the right to development. Cf. JACK DONNERLLY, UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS IN THEORY AND PRACTICE 185-203 (2003).
26. Cf. Adriana Kemp, Managing Migration, Reprioritizing National Citizenship: Undocumented Labor Migrants' Children and Policy Reforms in Israel, 8 THEORETICAL INQUIRIES L. 663 (2007);
27. RYSZARD CHOLEWINSKI, MIGRANT WORKERS IN INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW: THEIR PROTECTION IN COUNTRIES OF EMPLOYMENT (1997).
28. REDEFINING LABOUR LAW: NEW PESPECTIVES ON THE FUTURE OF TEACHING AND RESEARCH (Richard Mitchell ed., 1995).
29. Hugh Collins, Labur Law as a Vocation, 105 L.Q. REV. 468 (1989).
30. Claus Offe, Political Economy of Labour Markets, in DISORGANIZED CAPITALISM: CONTEMPORARY TRANSFORMATION OF WORK AND POLITICS 10 (Claus Offe ed., 1985).
31. HANNA ARENDT, ON VIOLENCE 44 (1970).
32. ALAN FOX, BEYOND CONTRACT: POWER, WORK AND TRUST RELATIONS (1974).
33. JOHN DUNLOP, INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS SYSTEMS (Harvard Bus. Sch. Press reprint 1993) (1957).
34. Cf. BOUNDARIES AND FRONTIERS OF LABOUR LAW (Guy Davidov & Brian Langille eds., 2006).
35. Judy Fudge, The New Discourse of Labour Rights: From Social to Fundamental Rights?, 29 COMP. LABOR L. & POL'Y J. (forthcoming 2007).
36. Id.
37. Virginia Leary, The Paradox of Workers' Rights as Human Rights, in HUMAN RIGHTS, LABOUR RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE 22 (Lance Compa & Steven Diamond eds., 1996).
38. Cf. COLIN CROUCH ET AL., CITIZENSHIP, MARKETS AND STATE (2001).
39. For a similar dilemma, see Fudge, supra note 7.
40. Wolfgang Streeck, Industrial Citizenship Under Regime Competition: The Case of European Works Councils, 4 J. EUR. PUB. POL. 643 (1997) [hereinafter Streeck, Regime Competition};
41. Wolfgang Streeck, The Transformation of Corporate Organization in Europe: An Overview (MPIfg Working Paper 01/8, 2001).
42. Streeck, Regime Competition, supra note 32, at 4-5.
43. For a different view, see Paul Bagguley, Industrial Citizenship in Britain: Its Neglect and Decline (2001) (unpublished manuscript), available at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/sociology/people/pbdocs/Industrial%20Citizenship. doc. Bagguley states what seems to be a common assumption - that workplace democracy and industrial citizenship are distinct. He holds that "citizenship in general refers to the equal membership of a national societal community . . . . Industrial citizenship, then, is not to be equated with ideas of industrial democracy, although some national systems of industrial citizenship might approximate some models of industrial democracy."
44. IRENE LYNCH FANNON, WORKING WITHIN TWO KINDS OF CAPITALISM: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND EMPLOYEES' STAKEHOLDING -THE US AND EC PERSPECTIVES (2003).
45. Archie B. Carroll, The Four Faces of Corporate Citizenship, 100 Bus. & Soc. REV. 1 (1998);
46. Archie B. Carroll, Corporate Social Responsibility - Evolution of a Definitional Construct, 38 BUS. & SOC. 268 (1999);
47. PERSPECTIVES ON CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP (Jörg Andriof & Malcolm Mclntosh eds., 2001).
48. Ronen Shamir, Between Self-Regulation and the Alien Tort Claims Act: On the Contested Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility, 38 L. & SOC. REV. 635 (2004);
49. Ronen Shamir, Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case of Hegemony and Counter-Hegemony, in LAW AND GLOBALIZATION FROM BELOW 92 (Boaventura de Sousa Santos & César A. Rodríguez-Garavito eds., 2005).
50. DHL, Corporate Citizenship at DHL (2006), http://www.dhl.com/publish/se/ en/ about/citizenship.high.html.
51. Rugmark Foundation, http://www.rugmark.org/ (last visited Sept. 1, 2006).
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53. MARTIN WEITZMAN, THE SHARE ECONOMY: CONQUERING STAGFLATION (1986).
54. GABIEL ALMOND & SIDNEY VERSA, THE CIVIC CULTURE: POLITICAL ATTITUDES AND DEMOCRACY IN FIVE NATIONS AND ANALYTIC STUDY (1965).
55. ROBERT DAHL, A PREFACE TO ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY (1985).
56. ANDREW CRANE & DIRK MATTEN, CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP: TOWARDS AN EXTENDED THEORETICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION (2003).
57. PAYING FOR PRODUCTIVITY: A LOOK AT THE EVIDENCE (Alan Blinder ed., 1990).
58. Assar Lindbeck & Dennis Snower, Insiders Versus Outsiders, 15 J. ECON. PERSP. 165 (2001).
59. Charles Sabel et al., Ratcheting Labor Standards: Regulation for Continuous Improvement in the Global Workplace (KSG Working Paper No. 00-010, 2000).
60. STEPHANIE LUCE, FIGHTING FOR A LIVING WAGE (2004).
61. KATHERINE V.W. STONE, FROM WIDGETS TO DIGITS : EMPLOYMENT REGULATION FOR THE CHANGING WORKPLACE (2004).
62. CHANTAL MOUFFE, THE RETURN OF THE POLITICAL (1993).
63. Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, §27, Dec. 7, 2000, 2000 O.J. (C 364) 1.
64. Streeck, Regime Competition, supra note 32;
65. Council Directive 94/45/EC of 22 September 1994 on the Establishment of a European Works Council or a Procedure in Community-Scale Undertakings and Community-Scale Group Undertakings for the Purposes of Informing and Consulting Employees, 1994 O.J. (L 254) 64, amended by Council Directive 97/74, 1998 O.J. (L 10) 22;
66. Directive 2002/14/EC of the European Parliament and the of the Council of 11 March 2002 Establishing a General Framework for Informing and Consulting Employees in the European Community, 2002 O.J. (L 80) 29.
67. Int'1 Labour Organisation [ILO], Report of the Director-General: Organizing for Social Justice, at 76-80, International Labour Conference, 92nd Sess. (2004), available at http://www.ilo.org/dyn/declaris/ DECLARATIONWEB. DOWNLOAD_BLOB?Var_DocumentID=2502.
68. Guy Mundlak, The Transformative Weakness of Core Labor Rights, in THE WELFARE STATE, GLOBALIZATION, AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 231 (Eyal Benvenisti & Georg Nolte eds., 2003);
69. Philip Alston, Core Labour Standards and the Transformation of the International Labour Rights Regime, 15 EUR. J. INT'L L. 457 (2004);
70. Brian Langille, Core Labour Rights -The True Story (Reply to Alston), 16 EUR. J. INT'L L. 409 (2005).
71. There can be various controversial issues in which this statement may need to be qualified and questioned, particularly with regard to the adaptation of human rights to cultural diversity. In the labor context such questions can be raised with regard, for example, to minimum wage. Regardless of the debate on such rights, the attempt to pass a code that prescribes alternative norms rejecting the core canon of human rights is difficult to justify.
72. Karl Klare, Countervailing Workers' Power as a Regulatory Strategy, in LEGAL REGULATION OF THE EMPLOYMENT RELATION 63 (Hugh Collins et al. eds., 2000).
73. DAHL, supra note 43.
74. Cf. Mark Barenberg, Democracy and Domination in the Law of Workplace Cooperation, 94 COLUM. L. REV. 753 (1994).
75. EMERGING LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY (Richard Freeman et al. eds., 2005).