Thermal analysis of macromolecules: A personal review

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

Volumn 89, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 321-356

  Wunderlich, B ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^b OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

DSC; Fifty year review; Macromolecules; Molecular motion; Nonequilibrium; Phases; Thermal analysis; Thermodynamics; TMDSC

Indexed keywords

CRYSTALLIZATION; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; GLASS TRANSITION; NUCLEATION; THERMOANALYSIS; THERMODYNAMICS;

CHIN-FOLDING PRINCIPLE; DYNAMIC DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS (DDTA); SINGLE-RUN DSC; ZERO-ENTROPY-PRODUCTION MELTING;

MACROMOLECULES;

EID: 34547246900     PISSN: 13886150     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10973-006-8219-5     Document Type: Conference Paper

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45. H. S. Bu, W. Aycock and B. Wunderlich, Polymer, 28 (1987) 1165.
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51. B. G. Sumpter, D. W. Noid, G. L. Liang and B. Wunderlich, 'Atomistic Dynamics of Macromolecular Crystals', Published in the special volume on 'Atomistic Modelling of Physical Properties of Polymers, U. Suter and L. Monnerie, Eds, Adv. Polym, Sci., 116 (1994) 27-72;
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56. C. M. Cormier and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Part A-2, (1967) 987.
57. Y. Jin and B. Wunderlich, J. Phys. Chem., 95 (1991) 9000.
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59. st ICTA, Thermal. Analysis, J. P. Redfern, Ed., MacMillan. and Co., Ltd., p. 76, London 1965;
60. nd ICTA, Thermal Analysis, Vol. 1, p. 387, E. F. Schwenker and P. D. Garn, Eds, Academic Press, New York 1969.
61. 68, 48, 69, 47, 70, 67, 84, 89, 90. B. Wunderlich et al., Extended-Chain Crystals, J. Polym, Sci., Part A-2, 7 (1969);
62. with T. Davidson, I. General Crystallization Conditions and Review of Pressure Crystallization of Polyethylene, p. 2043;
63. II. Crystallization of Polyethylene under Elevated Pressure, p. 2051;
64. with R. B. Prime III, Size Distribution of Polyethylene Crystals Grown under Elevated Pressure, p. 2061;
65. IV. Melting under Equilibrium Conditions, p. 2073;
66. with R. B. Prime and L. Melillo, V. Thermal Analysis and Electron Microscopy of the Melting Process in Polyethylene, p. 2091;
67. with C. L. Gruner and R. C. Bopp, VI. Annealing of Polyethylene under Elevated Pressure, p. 2099;
68. with M. C. Coughlin, VII. Lamellar and Fibrillar Spherulites in Selenium, J. Polym. Sci., Polymer Letters Ed., 10 (1972) 57;
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73. B. Wunderlich, Differential Thermal Analysis, Physical Methods of Chemistry, A. Weissberger and B. W. Rossiter, Eds Vol. 1, Part V, Chapter 8, p. 427, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York 1971.
74. B. Wunderlich, Texts and Audio Courses. Crystals of Linear Macromolecules, p. 235, Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC 1973. The later audio courses were published by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY: Thermal Analysis of Linear Macromolecules, p. 175, 1973 (second printing 1975);
75. Crystallization of Linear Macromolecules, p. 225, 1975;
76. Thermal Analysis, P.288+xiv, 1981.
77. B. Wunderlich and C. M. Cormier, J. Phys. Chem., 70 (1966) 1844.
78. B. Wunderlich, L. Melillo, C. M. Cormier, T. Davidson and G. Snyder, J. Macromol. Sci., B1 (1967) 485.
79. B. Wunderlich and L. Melillo, Makromol. Chem., 118 (1968) 250.
80. F. L. Binsbergen, Kolloid Z. Z. Polymere, 238 (1970) 389.
81. D. C. Bassett and B. Turner, Nature (London) Phys. Sci., 240 (1970) 146.
82. B. Wunderlich and J. Grebowicz, Adv. Polym. Sci., 60/61 (1984) 1.
83. B. Wunderlich, M. Möller, J. Grebowicz and H. Baur, 'Conformational Motion, and Disorder in Low and High Molecular Mass Crystals', Springer Verlag, Berlin. 1988, (Adv. Polymer Sci., Vol. 87).
84. M. Jaffe and B. Wunderlich, Kolloid Z. Z. Polymere, 216-217 (1967) 203.
85. S. Kubo and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 10 (1972) 1949.
86. M. Mucha and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polymer Phys. Ed., 12 (1974) 1993.
87. A. Mehta and B. Wunderlich, Colloid Polym. Sci., 253 (1975) 193.
88. B. Wunderlich, Disc Farad. Soc., 68 (1979) 239.
89. S. Z. D. Cheng and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Part B, Polym. Phys., 24 (1986) 577;
90. S. Z. D. Cheng and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Part B, Polym. Phys. 24 (1986) 595;
91. S. Z. D. Cheng, H. S. Bu and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym, Sci., Part B, Polym. Phys., 26 (1988) 1947.
92. A. Miyagi and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 10 (1972) 2073;
93. A. Miyagi and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 10 (1972) 1401;
94. A. Miyagi and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polym, Phys. Ed., 10 (1972) 2085.
95. M. C. Coughlin and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polym, Phys. Ed., 11 (1973) 1735.
96. R. Iwamoto, R. C. Bopp and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polym, Phys. Ed., 13 (1975) 1925.
97. F. N. Liberti and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Part A-2, 6 (1968) 833.
98. E. Hellmuth, B. Wunderlich and J. M. Rankin, Appl. Polym, Symposia, 2 (1966) 101.
99. T. G. Coker, B. Wunderlich and G. J. Janz, Trans. Farad. Soc., 65 (1969) 3361.
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102. A. Mehta and B. Wunderlich, Makromol. Chem., 175 (1974) 977.
103. A. Mehta and B. Wunderlich, Am. Chem. Soc., 35 (1975) 393;
104. U. Gaur, A. Mehta and B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal Anal., 13 (1978) 71.
105. B. Wunderlich, Am. Lab., 14 (1982) 28.
106. B. Wunderlich and P. Fellner, Thermochim. Acta, 110 (1987) 67.
107. B. Wunderlich, Computer Course and Text: Introduction to Differential Thermal Analysis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 1983. For the more recent effort in computer courses on thermal analysis see [117].
108. U. Gaur, H.-C. Shu, A. Mehta, S.-F. Lau, B. B. Wunderlich, M. Varma-Nair and B. Wunderlich, J. Phys. Chem., Ref. Data, 10 (1981) 89 119 1001 1051;
109. (1982) 313 1065;
110. (1983) 29, 65, 91;
111. (1991) 349.
112. rd Ed.,p. 43, John Wiley & Sons, DOI: 10.1002/0471440264. PST 369 (2004). Also available via: www.mrw.interscience. wiley.com/epst For the ATHAS data bank see also: http://www.evitherm.org/index. asp.
113. J. Grebowicz and B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal. Anal., 30 (1985) 229;
114. R. Pan, M. Varma and B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal. Anal., 35 (1989) 955.
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118. H. S. Bu, S. Z. D. Cheng and B. Wunderlich, J. Phys. Chem., 91 (1987) 4179.
119. Recent advances are: 412. G. Zhang and B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal Anal., 47 (1996) 899;
120. M. Pyda, M. Bartkowiak and B. Wunderlich, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 52 (1998) 631.
121. K. Loufakis and B. Wunderlich, J. Phys. Chem., 92 (1988) 4205. For further developments see [193].
122. U. Gaur, M.-Y. Cao, R. Pan and B. Wunderlich, J., Thermal, Anal., 31 (1986) 421;
123. J. Thermal Anal., 31 (1986) 1319.
124. U. Gaur and B. Wunderlich, Macromolecules, 13 (1980) 1618;
125. S.-F. Lau, J. Pathak and B. Wunderlich, Macromolecules, 15 (1982) 1278.
126. R. C. Bopp, U. Gaur, R. P. Kambour and B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal Anal., 25 (1982) 243.
127. S.-F. Lau, J. Wesson and B. Wunderlich, Macromolecules, 17 (1984) 1102.
128. J. Menczel and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polym, Lett. Ed., 19 (1981) 261.
129. H. Suzuki, J. Grebowicz and B. Wunderlich, Br. Polym, J., 17 (1985) 1.
130. B. Wunderlich, Macromolecular Physics, Vol. 3, Crystal. Melting, Academic Press, p. 363, New York, London, (translated into Russian, MIR, Moscow 1984), 1980, now available as a PDF reprint, 2005.
131. nd Ed.,1997, pp. 205-482.
132. B. Wunderlich, Workbook: Chemistry 2000, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 1987, p. 306+xii.
133. B. Wunderlich and H.-C. Shu, J. Crystal Growth, 48 (1980) 227;
134. H.-C. Shu, U. Gaur and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 18 (1980) 449.
135. U. Gaur, G. Pultz, H. Wiedemeier and B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal Anal., 21 (1981) 309.
136. B. Wunderlich and G. Czornyj, Macromolecules, 10 (1977) 906;
137. U. Gaur and B. Wunderlich, Macromolecules, 13 (1980) 445.
138. A. Mehta, U. Gaur and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 16 (1978) 289.
139. P. C. Jain, B. Wunderlich and D. R. Chaubey, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 15 (1977) 2271.
140. S. Z. D. Cheng and B. Wunderlich, Macromolecules, 22 (1989) 1866.
141. S.-F. Lau, H. Suzuki, and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 22 (1984) 379;
142. Y. Jin, A. Boller, B. Wunderlich and B. V. Lebedev, Thermochim. Acta, 234 (1994) 103;
143. K. Loufakis and B. Wunderlich, Macromolecules, 20 (1987) 2474.
144. J. Grebowicz, S.-F. Lau and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Symposia, 71 (1984) 19;
145. H. S. Bu, S. Z. D. Cheng and B. Wunderlich, Rapid Commun., 9 (1988) 75;
146. Z. Q. Wu, V. L. Dann, S. Z. D. Cheng and B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal Anal., 34 (1988) 105.
147. 224. D. E. Kirkpatrick and B. Wunderlich, Makromol. Chem., 186 (1985) 2595;
148. J. Polym. Sci., Part B, Polym. Phys., 24 (1986) 931.
149. S. Z. D. Cheng, M.-Y. Cao and B. Wunderlich, Macromolecules, 19 (1986) 1868.
150. S. Z. D. Cheng and B. Wunderlich, Macromolecules, 20 (1987) 1630.
151. S. Z. D. Cheng and B. Wunderlich, Macromolecules, 21 (1988) 789.
152. S. Z. D. Cheng, R. Pan and B. Wunderlich, Makromol. Chem., 189 (1988) 2443.
153. S. Z. D. Cheng, Z. Q. Wu and B. Wunderlich, Macromolecules, 20 (1987) 2801;
154. S. Z. D. Cheng, S. Lim, L. H. Judovits and B. Wunderlich, Polymer, 28 (1987) 10.
155. C Robinson, Trans. Farad. Soc., 52 (1956) 571.
156. P. J. Flory, Proc Roy. Soc., A234, 60 (1956) 73.
157. A. Roviello and A. Siguru, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 13 (1975) 455.
158. J. Menczel, W. Meesiri, U. Gaur, J. Grebowicz, M.-Y. Cao, M. Varma-Nair and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polym, Phys. Ed., 18 (1980) 1433;
159. Polymer, 22 (1981) 778;
160. J. Menczel, W. Meesiri, U. Gaur, J. Grebowicz, M.-Y. Cao, M. Varma-Nair and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 20 (1982) 719;
161. J. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst, 76 (1981) 287;
162. J. Polym, Sci., Part B, Polym. Phys., 23 (1985) 521.
163. J. Polym. Sci., Part B, Polym, Phys., 21 (1983) 141;
164. J. Polym. Sci., Part B, Polym. Phys., 1 (1990) 151.
165. (Condis Crystals of Small Molecules, Parts I-VI). B. Wunderlich, M. Möller, H. G. Wiedemann, J. Grebowicz, M. Y. Cao, J. Wesson, K. Loufakis, M. Möller, D. Oelfin, J. Cheng, Y. Jin, G. Liang and W. Chen, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 140 (1986) 211;
166. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 140 (1986) 219;
167. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 140 (1986) 231;
168. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 173 (1989) 101;
169. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 213 (1992) 237;
170. Mol. Cryst Liq. Cryst., 241 (1994) 299.
171. B. Wunderlich, 'Thermal Analysis', Academic Press, New York, NY 1990, pp. 450+xvi, An expansion and update of this book is [116].
172. 'Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials', 947 figures. Springer Verlag, Berlin 2005, pp. 894+xvi.
173. B. Wunderlich, 'Physical Chemistry of Polymers', Figures, text and hypertext of a computer-assisted course of thousands of screens. After many updates and expansions, this computer course is now available as 560, 'Thermal Analysis of Materials', A computer-assisted lecture course of 36 lectures, Updated and changed to newly developed presentation software, published via the Internet (2005-2006). Available by downloading from the site: http://web.utk.edu/~athas, or also from the European Virtual Institute for Thennal Metrology at its site: http://www.evitherm.org/index.asp, their home page for thennal analysis and calorimetry.
174. B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal Anal., 32 (1987) 1949;
175. Y. Jin and B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal. Anal., 36 (1990) 765;
176. Y. Jin and B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal Anal.,36 (1990) 1519;
177. Y. Jin and B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal Anal., 38 (1992) 2257.
178. st Proc NATAS Conf. in Atlanta GA, Sept. 1316 (1992);
179. M. Reading, B. K. Halm and B. S. Crowe, US Patent 5,224,775, July 6, 1993, p. 137.
180. B. Wunderlich, Y. Jin, C Schick and A. Boiler, Thermochim. Acta, 238 (1994) 277;
181. J. Thermal Anal., 42 (1994) 307;
182. rd NATAS Conf, in Toronto, Canada, Sept. 25-28, 1994;
183. Thermochim. Acta, 266 (1995) 97.
184. W. Pechhold, Kolloid Z. Z. Polymere, 228 (1968) 1.
185. B. Wunderlich, A. Xenopoulos, D. W. Noid, B. G. Sumpter, G. L. Liang and S. N. Kreitmeier, Defect Generation and Motion in Polyethylene-like Crystals, Analyzed by Simulation with Supercomputers, P. D. Bristowe, J. E. Epperson, J. E. Griffith, and Z. Lilienthal-Weber, Eds, Defects in Materials. Proc of the 1990 Fall Meeting of the Mat Res. Soc., Vol. 209, p. 147 (1991);
186. Macromolecules, 25 (1992) 7247;
187. J. Phys. Chem., 98 (1994) 11739;
188. Faraday Trans., 91 (1995) 2601;
189. Polym. Int., 36 (1995) 155.
190. A. Xenopoulos, J. Cheng, M. Yasuniwa and B. Wunderlich, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 214 (1992) 63;
191. J. Cheng, A. Xenopoulos and B. Wunderlich, Mol, Cryst. Liq. Cryst, 220 (1992) 105;
192. J. Cheng, A. Xenopoulos and B. Wunderlich, Mol. Cryst Liq. Cryst., 220 (1992) 127;
193. J. Cheng, A. Xenopoulos and B. Wunderlich, 225 (1992) 337;
194. A. Xenopoulos, J. Cheng and B. Wunderlich, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 226 (1993) 87;
195. Q. Wang, A. Xenopoulos and B. Wunderlich, Mol. Cryst Liq. Cryst, 264 (1995) 115.
196. B. Wunderlich and W. Chen, The Difference Between Liquid Crystals and Conformationally Disordered Crystals, Presented at the Spring 1995 ACS Meeting in Anaheim, CA, A. I. Isayev, T. Kyu and S. Z. D. Cheng, Eds, 'Recent Advances in Liquid Crystalline Polymers', ACS Symposium Series, Washington, DC 1996, pp. 632, 232-248.
197. J. Cheng, Y. Jin, B. Wunderlich, S. Z. D. Cheng, M, A. Yandrasits, A. Zhang and V. Percec, Macromolecules, 25 (1992) 5991;
198. J. Cheng, Y. Jin, B. Wunderlich, S. Z. D. Cheng, A. Zhang and V. Percec, Macromolecules, 25 (1992) 2112;
199. Y. Jin, J. Cheng, B. Wunderlich, S. Z. D. Cheng and M. A. Yandrasits, Polymers for Advanced Technology, 5 (1994) 785;
200. J. Cheng, Y. Jin, W. Chen, B. Wunderlich, H. Jonsson, A, Huit and U. W. Gedde, J. Polym, Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 32 (1994) 721.
201. G. Czornyj and B. Wunderlich, Makromol. Chem., 178 (1977) 843.
202. J. Grebowicz, R. Pan and B. Wunderlich, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 38 (1989) 707.
203. Y. Fu, W. R. Busing, Y. Jin, K. A. Affholter, A. Boiler and B. Wunderlich, Macromolecules, 26 (1993) 2187;
204. Makromol. Chem., 195 (1994) 803;
205. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 32 (1994) 2289.
206. W. Chen, Y. Fu, J. Cheng, A. Boller, M. Pyda, D. Londono, B. Annis, J. Pak and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Phys. Ed., 32 (1994) 2661;
207. J. Macromol. Sci., Part B, B35 (1996) 37;
208. Thermochim, Acta, 421 (2004) 203.
209. A. Xenopoulos and B. Wunderlich, Polymer, 31 (1990) 1260;
210. J. Polym. Sci., Part B, Polym, Phys., 28 (1990) 2271,
211. Recent TMDSC experiments proving these interpretations are given in: 573. W. Qiu, A. Habenschuss and B. Wunderlich, The Phase and Crystal Structure of Nylon 6.6. Polymer, submitted Dec (2006).
212. A. Xenopoulos and B. Wunderlich, Colloid Polym. Sci., 269 (1991) 375.
213. A. Xenopoulos, B. Wunderlich and A. H. Narten, Macromolecules, 26 (1993) 1576.
214. K. Roles and B. Wunderlich, Biopolymers, 31 (1991) 477;
215. K. Roles, A. Xenopoulos and B. Wunderlich, Biopolymers, 33 (1993) 753;
216. K. A. Roles and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Part B. Polym. Phys., 31 (1993) 279.
217. G. Zhang, S. Gerdes, B. V. Lebedev and B. Wunderlich, Molecular Chem, Phys., 197 (1996) 3791;
218. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 33 (1995) 2445.
219. G. Czornyj and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 15 (1977) 1905.
220. H. Bu, Y. Pang, D. Song, Y. Yu, T. Voll, G. Czornyj and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym, Sci., Part B, Polym. Phys., 29 (1991) 139;
221. H. Bu, E. Chen, S. Xu, K. Guo and B. Wunderlich, J. Polym, Sci., Part B, Polym. Phys., 32 (1994) 1351.
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