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Hendel RC, Kramer CM, Patel MR, et al. ACCF/ACR/SCCT/SCMR/ ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SIR appropriateness criteria for cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Quality Strategic Directions Committee Appropriateness Criteria Working Group, American College of Radiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, North American Society for Cardiac Imaging, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Interventional Radiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1475-97. ▶ This consensus document provides clear guidelines on what the appropriate indications for CMR currently are. Guidance is based on best available evidence
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Hendel RC, Kramer CM, Patel MR, et al. ACCF/ACR/SCCT/SCMR/ ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SIR appropriateness criteria for cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Quality Strategic Directions Committee Appropriateness Criteria Working Group, American College of Radiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, North American Society for Cardiac Imaging, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Interventional Radiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1475-97. ▶ This consensus document provides clear guidelines on what the appropriate indications for CMR currently are. Guidance is based on best available evidence.
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2
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0033539584
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Relationship of MRI delayed contrast enhancement to irreversible injury, infarct age, and contractile function
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Kim RJ, Fieno DS, Parrish TB, et al. Relationship of MRI delayed contrast enhancement to irreversible injury, infarct age, and contractile function. Circulation 1999;100:1992-2002.
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Kim, R.J.1
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Selvanayagam JB, Porto I, Channon K, et al. Troponin elevation after percutaneous coronary intervention directly represents the extent of irreversible myocardial injury: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2005;111:1027-32. ▶ This study beautifully demonstrates the underlying cause of troponin elevations following percutaneous coronary intervention with evidence of small areas of infarction resulting from distal embolisation during balloon inflation and stenting. The study shows that the extent of troponin elevation correlates with the percentage of infarded myocardium.
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Selvanayagam JB, Porto I, Channon K, et al. Troponin elevation after percutaneous coronary intervention directly represents the extent of irreversible myocardial injury: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2005;111:1027-32. ▶ This study beautifully demonstrates the underlying cause of troponin elevations following percutaneous coronary intervention with evidence of small areas of infarction resulting from distal embolisation during balloon inflation and stenting. The study shows that the extent of troponin elevation correlates with the percentage of infarded myocardium.
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4
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Delayed enhancement and T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging differentiate acute from chronic myocardial infarction
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Abdel-Aty H, Zagrosek A, Schulz-Menger J, et al. Delayed enhancement and T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging differentiate acute from chronic myocardial infarction. Circulation 2004;109:2411-6.
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Abdel-Aty, H.1
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Mahrholdt H, Goedecke C, Wagner A, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of human myocarditis: a comparison to histology and molecular pathology. Circulation 2004;109:1250-8. ▶ An elegant study providing tissue validation of CMR findings in myocarditis as well as demonstrating the utility of CMR as an adjunct to invasive procedures to increase diagnostic yield.
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Mahrholdt H, Goedecke C, Wagner A, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of human myocarditis: a comparison to histology and molecular pathology. Circulation 2004;109:1250-8. ▶ An elegant study providing tissue validation of CMR findings in myocarditis as well as demonstrating the utility of CMR as an adjunct to invasive procedures to increase diagnostic yield.
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6
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Comparison of interstudy reproducibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance with two-dimensional echocardiography in normal subjects and in patients with heart failure or left ventricular hypertrophy
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Grothues F, Smith GC, Moon JC, et al. Comparison of interstudy reproducibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance with two-dimensional echocardiography in normal subjects and in patients with heart failure or left ventricular hypertrophy. Am J Cardiol 2002;90:29-34.
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Am J Cardiol
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Grothues, F.1
Smith, G.C.2
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7
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Retrospective determination of the area at risk for reperfused acute myocardial infarction with T2-weighted cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: Histopathological and displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) functional validations
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Aletras AH, Tilak GS, Natanzon A, et al. Retrospective determination of the area at risk for reperfused acute myocardial infarction with T2-weighted cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: histopathological and displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) functional validations. Circulation 2006;113:1865-70.
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Aletras, A.H.1
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Kim RJ, Wu E, Rafael A, et al. The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1445-53. ▶ This seminal study identifies the clear ability of CMR to predict a response to revascularisation in patients with systolic dysfunction secondary to coronary artery disease. The study demonstrated that the likelihood of improvement in regional contractility after revascularisation decreased progressively as the transmural extent of hyperenhancement before revascularisation increased. The findings suggested that regions with evidence of infarct thickness >75% transmurality were unlikely to improve in function following revascularisation.
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Kim RJ, Wu E, Rafael A, et al. The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1445-53. ▶ This seminal study identifies the clear ability of CMR to predict a response to revascularisation in patients with systolic dysfunction secondary to coronary artery disease. The study demonstrated that the likelihood of improvement in regional contractility after revascularisation decreased progressively as the transmural extent of hyperenhancement before revascularisation increased. The findings suggested that regions with evidence of infarct thickness >75% transmurality were unlikely to improve in function following revascularisation.
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9
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33645089705
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Effect of posterolateral scar tissue on clinical and echocardiography improvement after cardiac resynchronization therapy
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Bleeker GB, Kaandorp TA, Lamb HJ, et al. Effect of posterolateral scar tissue on clinical and echocardiography improvement after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation 2006;113:969-76.
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Bleeker, G.B.1
Kaandorp, T.A.2
Lamb, H.J.3
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10
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Assessment of myocardial viability with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Comparison with positron emission tomography
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Klein C, Nekolla SG, Bengel FM, et al. Assessment of myocardial viability with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with positron emission tomography. Circulation 2002;105:162-7.
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Klein, C.1
Nekolla, S.G.2
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11
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Contrast-enhanced MRI and routine single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion imaging for detection of subendocardial myocardial infarcts: An imaging study
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Wagner A, Mahrholdt H, Holly TA, et al. Contrast-enhanced MRI and routine single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion imaging for detection of subendocardial myocardial infarcts: an imaging study. Lancet 2003;361:374-9.
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12
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Improved detection of coronary artery disease by stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance with the use of delayed enhancement infarction imaging
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Klem I, Heitner JF, Shah DJ, et al. Improved detection of coronary artery disease by stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance with the use of delayed enhancement infarction imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1630-8.
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Kim WY, Danias Stuber M, et al. Coronary magnetic resonance angiography for the detection of coronary stenoses. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1863-9. ▶ This study provides evidence that coronary angiography as performed by CMR has 100% sensitivity in detecting proximal three-vessel or left main stem disease.
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Kim WY, Danias PG, Stuber M, et al. Coronary magnetic resonance angiography for the detection of coronary stenoses. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1863-9. ▶ This study provides evidence that coronary angiography as performed by CMR has 100% sensitivity in detecting proximal three-vessel or left main stem disease.
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McCrohon JA, Moon JC, Prasad SK, et al. Differentiation of heart failure related to dilated cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease using gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation 2003;108:54-9. ▶ This retrospective study was the first to identify a differing mid-wall pattern of myocardial fibrosis in patients with a non-ischaemic DCM. The paper suggests that the different patterns of fibrosis seen in patients with DCM as detected by CMR may be of value in differentiating ischaemic from non-ischaemic heart failure non-invasively. Several prospective studies assessing this potential application are currently ongoing.
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McCrohon JA, Moon JC, Prasad SK, et al. Differentiation of heart failure related to dilated cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease using gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation 2003;108:54-9. ▶ This retrospective study was the first to identify a differing mid-wall pattern of myocardial fibrosis in patients with a non-ischaemic DCM. The paper suggests that the different patterns of fibrosis seen in patients with DCM as detected by CMR may be of value in differentiating ischaemic from non-ischaemic heart failure non-invasively. Several prospective studies assessing this potential application are currently ongoing.
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15
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33750946166
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Assomull RG, Prasad SK, Lyne JC, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance, fibrosis and prognosis in dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1986-7. ▶ This study is the first to provide evidence for CMR as a prognostic tool in the risk stratification of patients with DCM. The study suggests that the presence of mid-wall fibrosis as detected by CMR predicts a worse outcome in terms of all cause mortality or hospitalisation as well as malignant arrhythmia. The presence of fibrosis appears to be independent of and superior to LV ejection fraction in predicting outcome.
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Assomull RG, Prasad SK, Lyne JC, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance, fibrosis and prognosis in dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1986-7. ▶ This study is the first to provide evidence for CMR as a prognostic tool in the risk stratification of patients with DCM. The study suggests that the presence of mid-wall fibrosis as detected by CMR predicts a worse outcome in terms of all cause mortality or hospitalisation as well as malignant arrhythmia. The presence of fibrosis appears to be independent of and superior to LV ejection fraction in predicting outcome.
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16
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14044251377
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Noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with heart failure and systolic dysfunction of uncertain etiology, using late gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance
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Soriano CJ, Ridocci F, Estornell J, et al. Noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with heart failure and systolic dysfunction of uncertain etiology, using late gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:743- 8.
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Soriano, C.J.1
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Estornell, J.3
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Prevalence, clinical profile, and significance of left ventricular remodeling in the end-stage phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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Harris KM, Spirito P, Maron MS, et al. Prevalence, clinical profile, and significance of left ventricular remodeling in the end-stage phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2006;114:216-25.
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Harris, K.M.1
Spirito, P.2
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18
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Detection of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with non-diagnostic echocardiography
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Moon JC, Fisher NG, McKenna WJ, et al. Detection of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with non-diagnostic echocardiography. Heart 2004;90:645-9.
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Moon, J.C.1
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Utility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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Rickers C, Wilke NM, Jerosch-Herold M, et al. Utility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2005;112:855-61.
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Moon JC, McKenna WJ, McCrohon JA, et al. Toward clinical risk assessment in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with gadolinium cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:1561-7. ▶ This paper suggests a role for myocardial fibrosis as detected by CMR in the risk stratification of patients with HCM. The data presented show excellent correlation between the amount of fibrosis and the number of established risk factors for sudden death. In addition, the amount of fibrosis appears to be associated with the development of heart failure in older patients with HCM. Prospective outcome data using CMR parameters are eagerly awaited from ongoing studies.
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Moon JC, McKenna WJ, McCrohon JA, et al. Toward clinical risk assessment in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with gadolinium cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:1561-7. ▶ This paper suggests a role for myocardial fibrosis as detected by CMR in the risk stratification of patients with HCM. The data presented show excellent correlation between the amount of fibrosis and the number of established risk factors for sudden death. In addition, the amount of fibrosis appears to be associated with the development of heart failure in older patients with HCM. Prospective outcome data using CMR parameters are eagerly awaited from ongoing studies.
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21
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Myocardial late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in troponin I
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Yan AT, Shayne AJ, Brown KA, et al. Characterization of the peri-infarct zone by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful predictor of post-myocardial infarction mortality. Circulation 2006;114:32-9.
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