The development of the leisure meanings inventory

Journal of Leisure Research

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 477-497

  Schulz, John ^a   Watkins, Michael ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Leisure experience; Leisure meanings; Measurement; Phenomenography

Indexed keywords

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; PSYCHOLOGY; RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY;

EID: 34547098135     PISSN: 00222216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2007.11950118     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Barlett, M. (1954). A note on the multiplying factors for various chi square approximations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 16, 296-298.
2. Beard, J., & Ragheb, M. (1980). Measuring leisure satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 12, 20-33.
3. Beard, J., & Ragheb, M. (1983). Measuring leisure motivation. Journal of Leisure Research, 15, 219-228.
4. Buchholz, R. (1976). Measurement of beliefs. Human Relations, 29, 1177-1188.
5. Cattell, R. (1966). The scree test for number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1, 245-276.
6. Coalter, F. (1997). Leisure sciences and leisure studies: Different concept, same crisis? Leisure Sciences, 19, 255-268.
7. Coleman, D. (2000). The ability of selected leisure based factors to reduce the detrimental effect of stress on health. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Griffith University, Brisbane.
8. Comrey, A. (1988). Factor-analytic methods of scale development in personality and clinical psychology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 754-761.
9. Crandall, K, & Slivken, K. (1980). Leisure attitudes and their measurement. In S. Iso-Ahola (Ed.), Social psychological perspectives on leisure and recreation (pp. 261-284). Springfield, Ill: Thomas.
10. Cronbach, L. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297-334.
11. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
12. Csikszentmihalyi, M. & Larson, R. (1987). Validity and reliability of the experience-sampling method. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175, 526-536.
13. DeVellis, R. (2003). Scale development: Theory and application (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, Calif: Sage.
14. Donald, M., & Havighurst, R. (1959). The meanings of leisure. Social Forces, 1, 355-373.
15. Driver, B. (1975). Quantification of outdoor recreationists' preferences. Research Camping and Environmental Education, 11, 508-515.
16. Driver, B., Tinsley, H., & Manfredo, M. (1991). The paragraphs about leisure and recreation experience preference scales: Results from two inventories designed to assess the breadth of the perceived psychological benefits of leisure. In Driver, B., Brown, P. & Petersen, G. (Eds.), Benefits of leisure (pp. 263-287). State College, Pennsylvania: Venture Publishing.
17. Dupuis, S. L., & Smale, B. J. (2000). Bittersweet journeys: Meanings of leisure in the institution-based caregiving context. Journal of Leisure Research, 32, 303-340.
18. Ellis, G., & Witt, P. (1991). Conceptualization and measurement of leisure: Making the abstract concrete. In T. Goodale & P. Witt (Eds.), Issues in an era of change (3rd ed., pp. 377-396). State College, Pennsylvania: Venture Publishing.
19. Esteve, R., San Martin, J., & Lopez, A. (1999). Grasping the meaning of leisure: Developing a self-report measurement tool. Leisure Studies, 18, 79-91.
20. Freysinger, V. (1995). The dialectics of leisure and development for women and men in midlife: An interpretive study. Journal of Leisure Research, 27, 61-84.
21. Graefe, A., Ditton, R., Roggenbuck, J., & Schreyer, R. (1981). Notes on the stability of the factor structure of leisure meanings. Leisure Sciences, 4, 51-65.
22. Gunter, B. (1987). The leisure experience: Selected properties. Journal of Leisure Research, 19, 155-130.
23. Harper, W. (1981). Experience of leisure. Leisure Sciences, 4, 113-126.
24. Havitz, M., & Dimanche, F. (1997). Leisure involvement revisited: Conceptual conundrums and measurement advances. Journal of Leisure Research, 29, 245-278.
25. Hemingway, J. (1995). Leisure studies and interpretive social inquiry. Leisure Studies, 14, 32-47.
26. Henderson, K. & Rannells, J. (1988). Farm women and the meaning of work and leisure: An oral history perspective. Leisure Sciences, 10, 41-50.
27. Henderson, K. (1996). One size doesn't fit all: The meaning of women's leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 28, 139-155.
28. Hultsman, J. T., & Anderson, S. C. (1991). Studying leisure perceptions: A need for methodological expansion. Leisure Studies, 10, 63-67.
29. Iso-Ahola, S. (1979a). Basic dimensions of leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 11, 28-39.
30. Iso-Ahola, S. (1979b). Some social psychological determinants of perceptions of leisure: Preliminary evidence. Leisure Sciences, 1, 345-363.
31. Iso-Ahola, S. & Weissinger, E. (1990). Perceptions of boredom in leisure: Conceptualization, reliability and validity of the leisure boredom scale. Journal of Leisure Research, 22, 1-17.
32. Iso-Ahola, S., & Allen, J. (1982). The dynamics of leisure motivation: The effects of outcome on leisure needs. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 53, 141-149.
33. Kaiser, H. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 35, 401-415
34. Kline, P. (2000). The handbook of psychological testing. New York: Rutledge.
35. Lee, C. (1998). Alternatives to cognition. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
36. Lee, Y., Dattilo, J., & Howard, D. (1994). The complex and dynamic nature of leisure experience. Journal of Leisure Research, 26, 195-211.
37. Loewenthal, K. (1996). An introduction to psychological tests and scales. London: UCL Press.
38. Mannell, R., & Iso-Ahola, S. (1987). Psychological nature of leisure and tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 14, 314-331.
39. Mannell, R. (1980). Social psychological techniques and strategies for studying leisure experiences. In S. Iso-Ahola (Ed.), Social psychological perspectives on leisure and lecreation (pp. xiv, 432). Springfield, III: Thomas.
40. Marton, F. (1981). Phenomenography: Describing conceptions of the world around us. Instructional Science, 10, 177-200.
41. Marton, F. (1986). Phenomenography: A research approach to investigating different understandings of reality. Journal of Thought, 21, 28-49.
42. Marton, F. & Booth, S. (1997). Learning and awareness. New Jersey: Erlbaum Publishing.
43. Mobily, K. (1989). Meanings of recreation and leisure among adolescents. Leisure Studies, 8, 11-23.
44. Neulinger, J., & Breit, M. (1969). Attitude dimensions of leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 1, 255-261.
45. Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric methods. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company.
46. Podilchak, W. (1991). Distinctions of fun, enjoyment, and leisure. Leisure Studies, 10, 148.
47. Polkinghorn, D. (1983). Methodology for the human sciences. Albany: State University of New York Press
48. Ragheb, M. (1996). The search for meaning in leisure pursuits: Review, conceptualization and a need for a psychometric development. Leisure Studies, 15, 245-258.
49. Schulz, J. (2001). The window through which we view the world: the association of religion and the meaning of leisure in contemporary Australia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Griffith University, Brisbane.
50. Schwarz, N. (1990). Assessing frequency reports of mundane bebaviours: Contributions of cognitive psychology to questionnaire construction. Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 11, 98-119.
51. Shaw, S. (1985). The meaning of leisure in everyday life. Leisure Sciences, 7, 1-24.
52. Stephanou, A. (1999, August). The measurement of conceptual understanding. Paper presented at the EARLI conference. University of Goteborg, Sweden.
53. Sylvester, C. (1990). Interpretation and leisure science: A hermeneutical example of past and present oracles. Journal of Leisure Research, 22, 290-295.
54. Thurstone, L. (1925). A method of scaling psychological and educational tests. The Journal of Educational Psychology, 16, 433-451.
55. Tinsley, H., & Kraus, R. (1978). Leisure activities and need satisfaction: A replication and extension. Journal of Leisure Research, 10, 191-202.
56. Trigwell, K., & Prosser, M. (1996). Congruence between intention and strategy in university science teachers approaches to teaching. Higher Education, 32, 77-87.
57. Trigwell, K., Prosser, M., & Waterhouse, F. (1999). Relations between teachers' approaches to teaching and students' approaches to learning. Higher Education, 37, 57-70.
58. Watkins, M. (2000). Ways of learning about leisure meanings. Leisure Sciences, 22, 93-107.
59. Watkins, M. (1999, April). Ways of experiencing Leisure. Paper presented at the ANZALS Conference, University of Waikato Hamilton, New Zealand.
60. Witt, P., & Ellis, G. (1984). The leisure diagnostic battery: Measuring perceived freedom in leisure. Loisir & Societe/Society and Leisure, 7, 109-124.