Thymus-dependent T cell tolerance of neuroendocrine functions: Principles, reflections, and implications for tolerogenic/negative self-vaccination

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1088, Issue , 2006, Pages 284-296

  Geenen, Vincent ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

AIRE; Autoimmunity; Central tolerance; Regulatory T cells (TR); Self antigens; Thymus; Type 1 diabetes

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; AUTOIMMUNITY; CONFERENCE PAPER; ENDOCRINE DISEASE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM; T LYMPHOCYTE; THYMOCYTE; VACCINATION; ANIMAL; CYTOLOGY; EVOLUTION; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOLOGY; NEUROSECRETION; REVIEW; THYMUS;

ANIMALS; AUTOIMMUNITY; EVOLUTION; HUMANS; IMMUNE TOLERANCE; NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEMS; T-LYMPHOCYTES; THYMUS GLAND;

EID: 34447646127     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1366.009     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (63)

1. ALDER, M.N., I.B. ROGOZIN, L.M. IYER, et al. 2005. Diversity and function of adaptive immune receptors in a jawless vertebrate. Science 310: 1970-1973.
2. GEENEN, V., F. ROBERT, H. MARTENS, et al. 1992. The thymic education of developing T cells in self neuroendocrine principles. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 15: 621-629.
3. KONG, F.K., C.H. CHEN & M.D. COOPER. 1998. Thymic function can be accurately monitored by the level of recent T cell emigrants in the circulation. Immunity 18: 514-518.
4. DOUEK, D.C., R.D. MACFARLAND, P.H. KEISER, et al. 1998. Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection. Nature 396: 690-695.
5. SHEVACH, E.M. 2002. CD4+ CD25+ suppressor T cells: more questions than answers. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2: 389-400.
6. SAKAGUSHI, S. 2004. Naturally arising CD4+ regulatory T cells for immunologic self-tolerance and negative control of immune responses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22: 531-562.
7. BLACKBURN, C.C. & N.R. MANLEY. 2004. Developing a new paradigm for thymus organogenesis. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4: 278-289.
8. BENNETT, A.R., A. FARLEY, N.F. BLAIR, et al. 2002. Identification and characterization of thymic epithelial progenitor cells. Immunity 16: 803-814.
9. MANLEY, N.R. & M.R. CAPECCHI. 1995. The role of Hoxa-3 in mouse thymus and thyroid development. Development 121: 1989-2003.
10. NEHLS, M., D. PFEIFFER, M. SCHORPP, et al. 1994. New member of the winged-helix protein family disrupted in mouse and rat nude mutations. Nature 372: 103-106.
11. BALCIUNAITE, G., M.P. KELLER, E. BALCIUNAITE, et al. 2002. Wnt glycoproteins regulate the expression of Foxn1, the gene defective in nude mice. Nat. Immunol. 3: 1102-1108.
12. GILL, J., M. MALIN, G. HOLLAENDER & R. BOYD. 2002. Generation of a complete thymic microenvironment by MTS24+ thymic epithelial cells. Nat. Immunol. 3: 635-642.
13. ANDERSON, G. & E. JENKINSON. 2001. Lymphostromal interactions in thymus development and function. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 1: 31-40.
14. BALDWIN, K.K., B.P. TRENCHAK, J.D. ALTMAN & M.M. DAVIS. 1999. Negative selection of T cells occurs throughout thymic development. J. Immunol. 163: 689-698.
15. GEENEN, V., F. BRILOT, I. HANSENNE & H. MARTENS. 2003. Thymus and T cells. In Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, 3rd Edition on CD-ROM. G. ADELMAN & B.H. SMITH, Eds.: Elsevier. New York. ISBN 0-444-51432-5.
16. GEENEN, V., J.J. LEGROS, P. FRANCHIMONT, et al. 1986. The neuroendocrine thymus: coexistence of oxytocin and neurophysin in the human thymus. Science 232: 508-511.
17. GEENEN, V., J.J. LEGROS, P. FRANCHIMONT, et al. 1987. The thymus as a neuroendocrine organ: synthesis of oxytocin and vasopressin in human thymic epithelium. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 496: 56-66.
18. MARTENS, H., O. KECHA, C. CHARLET-RENARD, et al. 1998. Neurohypophysial peptides stimulate the phosphorylation of pre-T cell focal adhesion kinases. Neuroendocrinology 67: 282-289.
19. ERICSSON, A., V. GEENEN, F. ROBERT, et al. 1990. Expression of preprotachykinin-A and neuropeptide-Y messenger RNA in the thymus. Mol. Endocr. 4: 1211-1219.
20. GEENEN, V., I. ACHOUR, F. ROBERT, et al. 1993. Evidence that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is the dominant member of the insulin superfamily. Thymus 21: 115-127.
21. JOLICŒUR, C., D. HANAHAN & K.M. SMITH. 1994. T-cell tolerance toward a transgenic beta-cell antigen and transcription of endogenous pancreatic genes in thymus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 6707-6711.
22. KECHA, O., H. MARTENS, N. FRANCHIMONT, et al. 1999. Characterization of the insulin-like growth factor axis in the human thymus. J. Neuroendocrinol. 11: 435-440.
23. DERBINSKI, J., A. SCHULTE, B. KYEWSKI & L. KLEIN. 2001. Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self. Nat. Immunol. 2: 1032-1039.
24. KECHA, O., F. BRILOT, H. MARTENS, et al. 2000. Involvement of insulin-like growth factors in early T-cell development: a study using fetal thymic organ cultures. Endocrinology 141: 1209-1217.
25. HANSENNE, I., G. RASIER, C. PEQUEUX, et al. 2005. Ontogenesis and functional aspects of oxytocin and vasopressin gene expression in the thymus network. J. Neuroimmunol. 158: 67-75.
26. HANSENNE, I., G. RASIER, C. CHARLET- RENARD, et al. 2004. Neurohypophysial receptor gene expression by thymic T cell subsets and thymic T cell lymphoma cell lines. Clin. Dev. Immunol. 11: 45-51.
27. KYEWSKI, B. & L. KLEIN. 2006. The central role of central tolerance. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 24: 571-605.
28. GEENEN, V. & G. KROEMER. 1993. Multiple ways to cellular immune tolerance. Immunol. Today 14: 573-575.
29. THE FINNISH-GERMAN APECED CONSORTIUM. 1997. An autoimmune disease, APECED, caused by mutations in a novel gene featuring two PHD-type zincfinger domains. Nat. Genet. 17: 399-403.
30. NAGAMINE, K., P. PETERSON, H.S. SCOTT, et al. 1997. Positional cloning of the APECED gene. Nat. Genet. 17: 393-398.
31. ANDERSON, M.S., E.S. VENANZI, L. KLEIN, et al. 2002. Projection of an immunological self-shadow within the thymus by the Aire protein. Science 298: 1395-1401.
32. GOTTER, J., B. BRORS, M. HERGENHAHN & B. KYEWSKI. 2004. Medullary epithelial cells of the human thymus express a highly diverse selection of tissue-specific genes colocalized in chromosomal clusters. J. Exp. Med. 199: 155-166.
33. DERBINSKI, J., J. GÄBLER, B. BRORS, et al. 2005. Promiscuous gene expression in thymic epithelial cells is regulated at multiple levels. J. Exp. Med. 202: 33-45.
34. LISTON, A., D.H. GRAY, S. LESAGE, et al. 2004. Gene dosage-limiting role of Aire in thymic expression, clonal deletion, and organ-specific autoimmunity. J. Exp. Med. 200: 1015-1026.
35. ANDERSON, M.S., E.S. VENANZI, Z. CHEN, et al. 2005. The cellular mechanism of Aire control of T cell tolerance. Immunity 23: 227-239.
36. RAMSEY, C., S. HASSLER, P. MARITS, et al. 2006. Increased antigen presenting cell-mediated T cell activation in mice and patients without the autoimmune regulator. Eur. J. Immunol. 36: 305-317.
37. BOEHM, T., S. SCHEU, K. PFEFFER & C.C. BLEUL. 2003. Thymic medullary epithelial cell development, thymocyte emigration, and the control of autoimmunity require lympho-epithelial cross talk via LtßR. J. Exp. Med. 198: 757-769.
38. WATANABE, N., S. HANABUCHI, V. SOUMELIS, et al. 2004. Human thymic stromal lymphopoietin promotes dendritic cell-mediated CD4+ T cell homeostatic expansion. Nat. Immunol. 5: 426-434.
39. MATHIS, D. & C. BENOIST. 2004. Back to central tolerance. Immunity 20: 509-516.
40. FONTENOT, J.D., M.A. GAVIN & A.Y. RUDENSKY. 2003. Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Nat. Immunol. 4: 330-336.
41. LIN, L., M.S. SPOOR, A.J. GERTH, et al. 2004. Modulation of Th1 activation and inflammation by the NF-kappaB repressor Foxj1. Science 303: 1017-1020.
42. ALLEN, S., S. READ, R. DIPAOLO, et al. 2005. Promiscuous expression of an autoantigen gene does not result in negative selection of pathogenic T cells. J. Immunol. 175: 5759-5764.
43. GEENEN, V., E. VANDERSMISSEN, N. CORMANN- GOFFIN, et al. 1993. Membrane translocation and relationship with MHC class I of a human thymic neurophysin-like domain. Thymus 22: 55-66.
44. VAN DEN ELZEN, P., S. GARG, L. LEON, et al. 2005. Apolipoprotein-mediated pathways of lipid antigen presentation. Nature 437: 906-910.
45. VANNESTE, Y., A. NTODOU-THOME, E. VANDERSMISSEN, et al. 1996. Identification of neurotensin-related peptides in human thymic epithelial cell membranes and relationship with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. J. Neuroimmunol. 76: 161-166.
46. ROBERT, F.R., H. MARTENS, N. CORMANN, et al. 1992. The recognition of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial functions by developing T cells. Dev. Immunol. 2: 131-140.
47. BURNET, F.M. 1973. A reassessment of the forbidden clone hypothesis of autoimmune diseases. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 50: 1-9.
48. KISHIMOTO, H. & J. SPRENT. 2001. A defect in central tolerance in NOD mice. Nat. Immunol. 2: 1025-1031.
49. HEINO, M., P. PETERSON, N. SILANPÄÄ, et al. 2000. RNA and protein expression of the murine autoimmune regulator gene (Aire) in normal, RelB-deficient and in NOD mouse. Eur. J. Immunol. 30: 1884-1893.
50. KECHA-KAMOUN, O., I. ACHOUR, H. MARTENS, et al. 2001. Thymic expression of insulin-related genes in an animal model of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 17: 146-152.
51. CHENTOUFI, A.A. & C. POLYCHRONAKOS. 2002. Insulin expression levels in the thymus modulate insulin-specific autoreactive T-cell tolerance: the mechanism by which the IDDM2 locus may predispose to diabetes. Diabetes 51: 1383-1390.
52. THEBAULT-BEAUMONT, K., D. DUBOIS- LAFORGUE, P. KRIEF, et al. 2003. Acceleration of type 1 diabetes mellitus in proinsulin 2-deficient mice. J. Clin. Invest. 111: 851-857.
53. VAFIADIS, P., S.T. BENNETT, J.A. TODD, et al. 1997. Insulin expression in human thymus is modulated by INS VNTR alleles at the IDDM2 locus. Nat. Genet. 15: 289-292.
54. PUGLIESE, A., M. ZELLER, A. Fernandez, JR., et al. 1997. The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlated with allelic variation at the INS VNTR-IDDM2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes. Nat. Genet. 15: 293-297.
55. SABATER, L., X. FERRER-FRANCESCH, M. SOSPEIDRA, et al. 2005. Insulin alleles and autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene both influence insulin expression in the thymus. J. Autoimmun. 25: 312-318.
56. SCHERBAUM, W.A., G.F. BOTTAZZO, P. CZERNICHOW, et al. 1985. Role of autoimmunity in central diabetes insipidus. Front. Horm. Res. 13: 232-239.
57. IMURA, H., K. NAKAO, A. SHIMATSU, et al. 1993. Lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis as a cause of central diabetes insipidus. N. Engl. J. Med. 329: 683-687.
58. DE BELLIS, A., A. BIZZARRO & A. BELLASTELLA. 2004. Autoimmune central diabetes insipidus. In Immunoendocrinology in Health and Disease. V. Geenen & G.P. Chrousos, Eds.: 439-459. Marcel Dekker. New York.
59. MARTENS, H., B. GOXE & V. GEENEN. 1996. The thymic repertoire of neuroendocrine self-antigens: physiological implications in T-cell life and death. Immunol. Today 17: 312-317.
60. GEENEN, V. 1995. La communication cryptocrine intrathymique et la tolerance immunitaire centrale au soi neuroendocrine. Professoral thesis, University of Liège.
61. GEENEN, V., O. KECHA & H. MARTENS. 1999. Thymic expression of neuroendocrine self-peptide precursors: role in T cell survival and self-tolerance. J. Neuroendocrinol. 10: 811-822.
62. HANSENNE, I., C. RENARD-CHARLET, R. GREIMERS & V. GEENEN. 2006. Dendritic cell differentiation and immune tolerance to insulin-related peptides in Igf2-deficient mice. J. Immunol. 176: 4651-4657.
63. GEENEN, V., C. LOUIS, H. MARTENS & THE BELGIAN DIABETES REGISTRY. 2004. An insulin-like growth factor 2-derived self-antigen inducing a regulatory cytokine profile after presentation to peripheral blood mononuclear cells from DQ8+ Type 1 diabetic adolescents: preliminary design of a thymus-based tolerogenic self-vaccination. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1037: 59-64.