Inhibition of synthesis and absorption of cholesterol: A new option in managing hypercholesterolemia

International Congress Series

Volumn 1303, Issue , 2007, Pages 121-128

  Grigore, Liliana ^b   Norata, Giuseppe Danilo ^a,b   Catapano, Alberico L ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^b Bassini Hospital   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cholesterol absorption; Cholesterol biosynthesis; Ezetimibe; HMG CoA reductase inhibitors; Hypercholesterolemia; LDL C

Indexed keywords

EID: 34447640159     PISSN: 05315131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ics.2007.04.004     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Steinberg D., and Witztum J.L. Lipoproteins and atherogenesis. Current concepts. JAMA 264 (1990) 3047-3052
2. Castelli W.P., et al. Lipids and risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Ann. Epidemiol. 2 (1992) 23-28
3. Wilson P.W., et al. Prevalence of coronary heart disease in the Framingham Offspring Study: role of lipoprotein cholesterols. Am. J. Cardiol. 46 (1980) 649-654
4. Stamler J., Wentworth D., and Neaton J.D. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA 256 (1986) 2823-2828
5. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. I. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA 251 (1984) 351-364
6. Shepherd J., et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 333 (1995) 1301-1307
7. Collins R., et al. Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions. Lancet 363 (2004) 757-767
8. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 344 (1994) 1383-1389
9. Downs J.R., et al. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TEXCAPS): additional perspectives on tolerability of long-term treatment with lovastatin. Am. J. Cardiol. 87 (2001) 1074-1079
10. Manninen V., et al. Lipid alterations and decline in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study. JAMA 260 (1988) 641-651
11. Frick M.H., et al. Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 317 (1987) 1237-1245
12. Goettsch W.G., et al. Statins are less effective in common daily practice among patients with hypercholesterolemia: the REALITY-PHARMO study. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 20 (2004) 1025-1033
13. Foley K.A., et al. Effectiveness of statin titration on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment in patients at high risk of atherogenic events. Am. J. Cardiol. 92 (2003) 79-81
14. Neal R.C., and Jones P.H. Lipid-lowering: can ezetimibe help close the treatment gap?. Clevel. Clin. J. Med. 70 (2003) 777-783
15. Grundy S.M., et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 44 (2004) 720-732
16. Shepherd J. Combined lipid lowering drug therapy for the effective treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Eur. Heart J. 24 (2003) 685-689
17. Bays H. Ezetimibe. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 11 (2002) 1587-1604
18. Turley S.D. Cholesterol metabolism and therapeutic targets: rationale for targeting multiple metabolic pathways. Clin. Cardiol. 27 (2004) III16-III21
19. Patel S.B. Ezetimibe: a novel cholesterol-lowering agent that highlights novel physiologic pathways. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 6 (2004) 439-442
20. Ballantyne C.M., et al. Effect of ezetimibe coadministered with atorvastatin in 628 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Circulation 107 (2003) 2409-2415
21. Melani L., et al. Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe coadministered with pravastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Eur. Heart J. 24 (2003) 717-728
22. Gagne C., et al. Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe added to ongoing statin therapy for treatment of patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Am. J. Cardiol. 90 (2002) 1084-1091
23. Kerzner B., et al. Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe coadministered with lovastatin in primary hypercholesterolemia. Am. J. Cardiol. 91 (2003) 418-424
24. Ballantyne C.M., et al. Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe co-administered with simvastatin compared with atorvastatin in adults with hypercholesterolemia. Am. J. Cardiol. 93 (2004) 1487-1494
25. Feldman T., et al. Treatment of high-risk patients with ezetimibe plus simvastatin co-administration versus simvastatin alone to attain National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals. Am. J. Cardiol. 93 (2004) 1481-1486
26. Ballantyne C., et al. Dose-comparison study of the combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin (Vytorin) versus atorvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. The Vytorin Versus Atorvastatin (VYVA Study). Am. Heart J. 149 (2005) 464-473
27. Cook R.P. Cholesterol. Distribution of sterols in organisms and in tissues. In: Cook R.P. (Ed). Cholesterol. Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pathology (1958), Academic Press, Inc., New York 145-180
28. Illingworth D.R., Duell P.B., and Connor W.E. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Felig P., Baxter J.D., and Frohman L.A. (Eds). Endocrinology and Metabolism (1995), McGraw-Hill, New York 1315-1403
29. Dietschy J.M., Turley S.D., and Spady D.K. Role of liver in the maintenance of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein homeostasis in different animal species, including humans. J. Lipid Res. 34 (1993) 1637-1659
30. Turley S.D., and Dietschy J.M. Sterol absorption by the small intestine. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 14 (2003) 233-240
31. Sudhop T., Lutjohann D., and von Bergmann K. Sterol transporters: targets of natural sterols and new lipid lowering drugs. Pharmacol. Ther. 105 (2005) 333-341
32. Kramer W., et al. Aminopeptidase N (CD13) is a molecular target of the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe in the enterocyte brush border membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 1306-1320
33. Smart E.J., De Rose R.A., and Farber S.A. Annexin 2-caveolin 1 complex is a target of ezetimibe and regulates intestinal cholesterol transport. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 (2004) 3450-3455
34. Huff M.W. Dietary cholesterol, cholesterol absorption, postprandial lipemia and atherosclerosis. Can. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 10 Suppl A (2003) 26A-32A
35. Shepherd J. Lipids in health and disease. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 32 (2004) 1051-1056
36. Knopp R.H. Drug treatment of lipid disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 341 (1999) 498-511
37. Steiner G. The need for a different cholesterol lowering drug. Can. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 10 Suppl A (2003) 4A-6A
38. Van Heek M., et al. Comparison of the activity and disposition of the novel cholesterol absorption inhibitor, SCH58235, and its glucuronide, SCH60663. Br. J. Pharmacol. 129 (2000) 1748-1754
39. Lavoie M.A. Ezetimibe and cholesterol absorption. Can. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 10 Suppl A (2003) 7A-12A
40. Altmann S.W., et al. Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 protein is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption. Science 303 (2004) 1201-1204
41. Seedorf U., et al. Cholesterol absorption inhibitor Ezetimibe blocks uptake of oxidized LDL in human macrophages. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 320 (2004) 1337-1341
42. Nissen S.E., et al. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 291 (2004) 1071-1080
43. Pearson T., et al. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy reduces LDL-C and improves goal attainment in patients with hypercholesterolemia (abstract). American College of Cardiology 53rd Annual Meeting, New Orleans (March 7-10, 2004)
44. Gagne C., et al. Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe added to ongoing statin therapy for treatment of patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Am. J. Cardiol. 90 (2002) 1084-1091
45. Catapano A.L., et al. Lipid-altering efficacy on the ezetimibe/simvastatin single tablet versus rosuvastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 22 10 (2006) 2041-2053