Histories of sexuality and imperialism: What's the use?

History Workshop Journal

Volumn 63, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 136-153

  Phillips, Richard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34447581249     PISSN: 13633554     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/hwj/dbm004     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Ann Laura Stoler, Race and the Education of Desire: Foucault's History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things, Durham NC, 1996
2. Philippa Levine, Prostitution, Race and Politics: Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire, London, 2003.
3. Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker, Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic Boston, 2000;
4. David Scott, Conscripts of Modernity: The Tragedy of Colonial Enlightenment, Durham NC, 2004.
5. Doreen Massey, 'Places and their Pasts', History Workshop Journal 39, spring 1995, pp. 182-92, p. 190.
6. Massey, 'Places and their Pasts', p. 190.
7. Massey, 'Places and their pasts', p. 189.
8. www.cwis.livjm.ac.uk/est/Jo-but.htm, accessed 4 March 2005.
9. For a more general discussion of the memorialization of women in the British Empire, see: Katie Pickles, 'Landscape, Memory and Female Imperialism: The Australian Memoralisation of Edith Cavell', in Exploring the British World, ed. Kate Darian-Smith, Patricia Grimshaw, Kiera Lindsay and Stuart McIntyre, Melbourne, 2004, pp. 271-94.
10. Massey, 'Places and their Pasts', p. 186.
11. Charlotte Cory, who was with me, took some of the photographs.
12. Kathleen Heasman, Josephine Butler House: A History, Unpublished MS, British Library b.6661.YA.1988, undated, p. 24.
13. Josephine Butler Society, 'Underage prostitution: New approaches', 1999, British Library YC.2000.a.1806.
14. Joyce Ansell, A Century's Safeguards, Hatfield, Herts, Josephine Butler Society, 1985, unpaginated.
15. Joseph Williamson, Josephine Butler: The Forgotten Saint, Leighton Buzzard, Beds, 1977, p. 8.
16. Mark Oliver and Alan Travis, 'Victorian reformer inspired Blunkett', Guardian, 30 Dec. 2003, p. 2
17. Alan Travis, 'Sex laws to get major overhaul: Review of prostitution will be the first for 50 years', Guardian, 30 Dec. 2003, p. 1.
18. Alan Travis, 'Wary Blunkett backs prostitution zones', Guardian, 16 July 2004, from http://society.guardian.co.uk/crimeandpunishment, consulted 13 March 2006.
19. Travis, 'Wary Blunkett backs prostitution zones'.
20. Richard Phillips, Sex, Politics and Empire: A Postcolonial Geography Manchester, 2006.
21. Alan Travis, 'Tread warily on vice reform, say police', Guardian, 17 July 2004, from http://society.guardian.co.uk, consulted 13 March 2006.
22. David Ward, 'Liverpool likely to lead way in turning on official red lights', Guardian, 16 July 2004, from http://www.guardian.co.uk, consulted 13 March 2006.
23. For example Rosie Campbell, a voluntary outreach worker in Liverpool, told the Guardian: 'For years, the women have asked why they could not have a managed area where they would be left to their own devices'. And a survey conducted in Liverpool showed support for the prostitutes' position. Of more than 1,000 replies from residents, businesses and sex workers, 83% were in favour of a managed zone. Jo Revill, 'Nurses demand legal vice zones', Observer, 17 April 2005, from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/crime/, consulted 13 March 2006.
24. In 2005 a member of the Liverpool branch of the Royal College of Nursing put forward a resolution in favour of managed zones. And when Central Government abandoned these proposals in December 2005, it was prostitutes who expressed most disappointment, both in Liverpool and across the country. In Liverpool, this disappointment was articulated in a drama based on conversations with prostitutes; Unprotected was staged at the city's Everyman theatre in March 2006. At the national level, a spokeswoman for the English Prostitutes' Collective said the plans to replace proposed toleration zones with 'effective policing' and legalized small brothels would force women into more dangerous conditions, and would have 'an absolutely devastating impact' on prostitutes. Alan Travis and Ben Farmer, 'New crackdown on prostitution', Guardian, 28 Dec. 2005, from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/crime/, consulted 13 March 2006;
25. Matt Weaver, 'Government cracks down on kerb crawlers', Guardian, 17 Jan. 2006, from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/crime/, consulted 13 March 2006.
26. Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics, London, 1989.
27. Levine, Prostitution, Race and Politics.
28. Lenore Manderson, 'Colonial Desires: Sexuality, Race and Gender in British Malaya', Journal of the History of Sexuality 7, 1997, pp. 372-88.
29. Judith Walkowitz, City of Dreadful Delight: Narratives of Sexual Danger in Late-Victorian London, London, 1994.
30. Frank Mort, Dangerous Sexualities: Medico-Moral Politics in England since 1830. 2nd edn, London, 2000, p. 2.
31. Travis, 'Sex laws to get major overhaul', p. 1.
32. François Hartog and Jacques Revel, 'Historians and the Present Conjuncture', in Political Uses of the Past: The Recent Mediterranean Experiences, ed. Jacques Revel and Giovanni Levi, London, 2002, pp. 1-12, p. 1.
33. Richard Phillips, 'Politics of Reading; Decolonising Children's Geographies', Cultural Geographies 8, 2001, pp. 125-50.
34. Stanley Fish, Is there a Text in this Class?, Cambridge MA, 1980.
35. Jean E. Howard, 'Towards a postmodern, politically committed, historical practice', in Uses of History: Marxism, Postmodernism and the Renaissance, ed. Francis Barker, Peter Hulme and Margaret Iversen Manchester, 1991, pp. 101-22, p. 112.
36. Linebaugh and Rediker, Many-Headed Hydra, p. 333.
37. Richard Phillips, 'Imperialism and the Regulation of Sexuality: Colonial Legislation on Contagious Diseases and Ages of Consent', Journal of Historical Geography 28: 3, 2002, pp. 339-62.
38. Hartog and Revel, 'Historians and the present conjuncture', p. 5.
39. Sources include: Federico Garzal Carvajal, Butterflies Will Burn: Prosecuting Sodomy in Early Modern Spain and Mexico, Austin TX, 2003;
40. Gordon Isaacs and Brian McKendrick, Male Homosexuality in South Africa: Identity Formation, Culture and Crisis, Oxford, 1992;
41. Culture of Gender and Sexuality in the Caribbean, ed. Linden Lewis, Florida, 2003;
42. Boy-Wives and Female Husbands: Studies in African Homosexualities, ed. Steven Murray and Will Roscoe, New York, 1988.
43. Elton John 2005, 'Make prejudice history', Observer, 3 July 2005, from http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/, consulted 13 March 2006: Article 76 of the Jamaican Offences Against the Person Act punishes the 'abominable crime of buggery' with up to ten years' imprisonment with hard labour.
44. Peter Tatchell, 'It isn't racist to target Beenie Man', Guardian, 31 Aug. 2004.
45. The Pink Paper reported that while artists such as Beenie Man, Elephant Man, Buju Banton and Bounty Killer have not signed up to the deal, their labels and promoters have: T. Reid-Smith, 'War on murder music is over', Pink Paper, 17 Feb. 2005: 1, 13.
46. Hugh Muir, 'Ceasefire brokered in reggae lyrics war', Guardian, 5 Feb. 2005, from: http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/, consulted 13 March 2006.
47. Alexis Petridis, 'Pride and prejudice', Guardian, 10 Dec. 2004.
48. Dennis Altman, Global Sex, Chicago, 2001;
49. Jon Binnie, Globalization of Sexuality, London, 2004.
50. Phillips, Sex, Politics and Empire.
51. The following year Mugabe added to the constitution of Zimbabwe a clause against gay marriage and a provision allowing individual rights to be overruled on the grounds of 'public morality'. Steve Chan, Robert Mugabe: A Life of Power and Violence, London, 2003.
52. Martin Meredith, Mugabe: Power and Plunder in Zimbabwe, Oxford, 2002, p. 130.
53. David Blair, Degrees in Violence: Robert Mugabe and the Struggle for Power in Zimbabwe, London, 2003, p. 135.
54. Andres Meldrum, 'Get tough', Guardian, 2 June 2004.
55. Antoinette Burton, Burdens of History: British Feminists, Indian Women and Imperial Culture, 1865-1915, Chapel Hill NC, 1994.
56. Lynn Barber, 'Pride and prejudice', Observer, 19 Dec. 2004, from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/gayrights, consulted 13 March 2006.
57. Josephine E. Butler, Present Aspect of the Abolitionist Cause in Relation to British India, London, 1893.
58. Figures from Treatment Action Campaign electronic newsletter, 21 Feb. 2005, www.tac.org.za.
59. Cole Harris, Making Native Space: Colonialism, Resistance, and Reserves in British Columbia, Vancouver, 2002;
60. Gayatri Spivak, 'Can the Subaltern Speak? Speculations on Widow Sacrifice', Wedge 7/8, winter/spring 1985, pp. 120-30;
61. Pompa Banerjee, Burning Women: Widows, Witches, and Early Modern European Travellers in India, London, 2003.
62. 'Gay rights leader murdered and mutilated', OutRage! News Service, from http://www.ilga.org, posted 14 June 2004, consulted 13 March 2006.
63. Gary Younge, 'Jamaican gay activist shot dead after being abducted', Guardian, 6 Dec. 2005, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/gayrights/story/0,,1659296,00.html, consulted 13 March 2006.
64. Alexis Petridis, 'Pride and prejudice', Guardian, 10 Dec. 2004.
65. Similarly, Butler responded to local concerns but also corresponded widely, not only in the British Empire but also in the United States and Continental Europe. On her correspondences in Europe, see: Anne Summers, 'Which Women? What Europe? Josephine Butler and the International Abolitionist Federation,' History Workshop Journal 62, 2006, pp. 214-31.
66. http://www.ilga.org, posted 23 June 2004, consulted 13 March 2006.
67. Rob Berkeley, 'We won't desert them', Guardian, 11 Jan. 2005, from: http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story, consulted 13 March 2006.
68. De-centring Sexualities, ed. Richard Phillips, Diane Watt and David Shuttleton, London, 2000.
69. Rebecca Schleifer 'All Jamaicans are threatened by a culture of homophobia', Guardian, 21 Nov. 2004, from: http://observer.guardian.co.uk/comment/story, consulted 13 March 2006.
70. Raymond Forrest, 'Commentary', Guardian, 3 Dec. 2004, http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/, consulted 13 March 2006.
71. Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality, Volume 1, London, 1978, p. 103.
72. Susan Bucks-Morss, Thinking Past Terror, Islamism and Critical Theory on the Left, London, 2003, p. 6.
73. Alan Sinfield, 'The Production of Gay and the Return to Power', in De-centring Sexualities, ed. Philips Watt and Shuttleton, pp. 21-36, p. 35.
74. Tatchell, 'It isn't racist to target Beenie Man', Guardian, 31 Aug. 2004.