Refractoriness in Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) may be a matter of timing

Journal of Medical Entomology

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 660-665

  Nayduch, Dana ^a,b   Aksoy, Serap ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial peptide; Glossina; Immunity; Trypanosoma; Vector competence

Indexed keywords

RNA;

AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAG; FEMALE; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETICS; HUMAN; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MALE; NORTHERN BLOTTING; PARASITOLOGY; TSETSE FLY;

ANIMALS; BLOTTING, NORTHERN; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; RNA; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN; TSETSE FLIES;

ANIMALIA; AVES; DIPTERA; GLOSSINA (GENUS); GLOSSINA PALLIDIPES; GLOSSINIDAE; TRYPANOSOMA;

EID: 34447557027     PISSN: 00222585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[660:RITFDG]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Boulanger, N., R. Brun, L. Ehret-Sabatier, C. Kunz, and P. Bulet. 2002. Immunopeptides in the defense reactions of Glossina morsitans to bacterial and Trypanosoma brucei brucei infections. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 32: 369-375.
2. East, J., D. H. Molyneux, and N. Hillen. 1980. Haemocytes of Glossina. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 74: 471-474.
3. Gibson, W., and M. Bailey. 2003. The development of Trypanosoma brucei within the tsetse fly midgut observed using green fluorescent trypanosomes. Kinetoplastid Biol. Dis. 2: 1-13.
4. Hao, Z., I. Kasumba, and S. Aksoy. 2003. Proventriculus (cardia) plays a crucial role in immunity in tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidiae). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 33: 1155-1164.
5. Hao, Z., I. Kasumba, M. J. Lehane, W. C. Gibson, J. Kwon, and S. Aksoy. 2001. Tsetse immune responses and trypanosome transmission: implications for the development of tsetse-based strategies to reduce trypanosomiasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98: 12648-12653.
6. Hoffmann, J. A. 1995. Innate immunity of insects. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 7: 4-10.
7. Hoffmann, J. A. 2003. The immune response of Drosophila. Nature (Lond.) 426: 33-38.
8. Hu, C., and S. Aksoy. 2006. Innate immune responses regulate trypanosome parasite infection of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans. Mol. Microbiol. 60: 1194-1204.
9. Hu, Y., and S. Aksoy. 2005. An antimicrobial peptide with trypanocidal activity characterized from Glossina morsitans morsitans. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 35: 105-115.
10. Hultmark, D. 1993. Immune reactions in Drosophila and other insects: a model for innate immunity. Trends Genet. 9: 178-183.
11. Hultmark, D. 2003. Drosophila immunity: paths and patterns. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 15: 12-19.
12. Ingram, G. A., and D. H. Molyneux. 1990. Lectins (haemagglutinins) in the haemolymph of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes: isolation, partial characterization, selected physico-chemical properties and carbohydrate-binding specificities. Insect Biochem. 20: 13-27.
13. Lehane, M. J., and A. R. Msangi. 1991. Lectin and peritrophic membrane development in the gut of Glossina m. morsitans and a discussion of their role in protecting the fly against trypanosome infection. Med. Vet. Entomol. 5: 495-501.
14. Lemaitre, B., J. M. Reichhart, and J. A. Hoffmann. 1997. Drosophila host defense: differential induction of antimicrobial peptide genes after infection by various classes of microorganisms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94: 14614-14619.
15. Mews, A. R., P. A. Langley, R. W. Pimley, and M.E.T. Flood. 1977. Large scale rearing of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in the absence of a living host. Bull. Entomol. Res. 67: 119-128.
16. Msangi, A. R., C. J. Whitaker, and M. J. Lehane. 1998. Factors influencing the prevalence of trypanosome infection of Glossina pallidipes on the Ruvu flood plain of Eastern Tanzania. Acta Trop. 70: 143-155.
17. Nigam, Y., I. Maudlin, S. Welburn, and N. A. Ratcliffe. 1997. Detection of phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of tsetse flies, refractory and susceptible to infection with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 69: 279-281.
18. Okoth, J. O., and R. Kapaata. 1986. Trypanosome infection rates in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newst. in the Busoga sleeping sickness focus, Uganda. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 80: 459-461.
19. Osta, M. A., G. K. Christophides, D. Vlachou, and F. C. Kafatos. 2004. Innate immunity in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae: comparative and functional genomics. J. Exp. Biol. 207: 2551-2563.
20. Richman, A. M., G. Dimopoulos, D. Seeley, and F. C. Kafatos. 1997. Plasmodium activates the innate immune response of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. EMBO J. 16: 6114-6119.
21. Rio, R. V., Y. Hu, and S. Aksoy. 2004. Strategies of the home-team: symbioses exploited for vector-borne disease control. Trends Microbiol. 12: 325-336.
22. Tahar, R., C. Boudin, I. Thiery, and C. Bourgouin. 2002. Immune response of Anopheles gambiae to the early sporogonic stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. EMBO J. 21: 6673-6680.
23. Vizioli, J., P. Bulet, J. A. Hoffmann, F. C. Kafatos, H. M. Muller, and G. Dimopoulos. 2001. Gambicin: a novel immune responsive antimicrobial peptide from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98: 12630-12635.
24. Welburn, S. C., and I. Maudlin. 1999. Tsetse-trypanosome interactions: rites of passage. Parasitol. Today 15: 399-403.
25. Welburn, S. C., I. Maudlin, and D. S. Ellis. 1989. Rate of trypanosome killing by lectins in midguts of different species and strains of Glossina. Med. Vet. Entomol. 3: 77-82.
26. Welburn, S. C., K. Arnold, I. Maudlin, and G. W. Gooday. 1993. Rickettsia-like organisms and chitinase production in relation to transmission of trypanosomes by tsetse flies. Parasitology 107: 141-145.
27. [WHO] World Health Organization. 2003. Report of the scientific working group meeting on African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). TDR/SWG/01. WHO/TOR, Geneva, Switzerland.