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1
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34447508708
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Population and Its Composition, 2003, CHINA STAT. Y.B. tbl.4-1, at 97, http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/statisticaldata/ yearlydata/ (search for 2003 at Population hyperlink).
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Population and Its Composition, 2003, CHINA STAT. Y.B. tbl.4-1, at 97, http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/statisticaldata/ yearlydata/ (search for "2003" at "Population" hyperlink).
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2
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34447540629
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ADMIN. CENTRE FOR CHINA'S AGENDA 21, FA ZHAN DE JI CHU: ZHONGGUO KE CHI XU FA ZHAN DE ZI YUAN, SHENG TAI JI CHU PING JIA [THE BASE OF DEVELOPMENT: EVALUATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN CHINA] 108 (2004).
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ADMIN. CENTRE FOR CHINA'S AGENDA 21, FA ZHAN DE JI CHU: ZHONGGUO KE CHI XU FA ZHAN DE ZI YUAN, SHENG TAI JI CHU PING JIA [THE BASE OF DEVELOPMENT: EVALUATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN CHINA] 108 (2004).
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3
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34447540630
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A study of 24 large cities indicated that urbanized areas grew at an annual rate of 3.4 percent, whereas the urban population grew at a rate of 2.6 percent between 1950 and 1980. This is compared to annual growth rates of 4.5 percent and 2.3 percent for urbanized areas and population since 1980.
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A study of 24 large cities indicated that urbanized areas grew at an annual rate of 3.4 percent, whereas the urban population grew at a rate of 2.6 percent between 1950 and 1980. This is compared to annual growth rates of 4.5 percent and 2.3 percent for urbanized areas and population since 1980.
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4
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20044389902
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Minghong Tan et al., Urban Land Expansion and Arable Land Loss in China - A Case Study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, 22 LAND USE POL'Y 187, 187 (2005).
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Minghong Tan et al., Urban Land Expansion and Arable Land Loss in China - A Case Study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, 22 LAND USE POL'Y 187, 187 (2005).
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5
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34447504273
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2003 STAT. Y.B. OF GUYUAN 12 (Statistics Bureau of Guyuan District).
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2003 STAT. Y.B. OF GUYUAN 12 (Statistics Bureau of Guyuan District).
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6
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34447560412
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Id. at 12-18
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Id. at 12-18.
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7
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30744465665
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Land Use Dynamics, Driving Forces and Policy Implications in Jinghe Watershed of Western China, 27
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Lin Zhen et al., Land Use Dynamics, Driving Forces and Policy Implications in Jinghe Watershed of Western China, 27 RESOURCES SCI. 33, 33-37 (2005).
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(2005)
RESOURCES SCI
, vol.33
, pp. 33-37
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Zhen, L.1
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8
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34447524375
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About 91 percent of the watershed is affected by soil erosion. About 0.26 billion tons of sand were carried annually from the Jinghe watershed to the Yellow River over the past 44 years. See generally Yellow River Conservancy Comm'n, Yellow River, www.yellowriver.gov.cn/eng (follow Thesis hyperlink to index of technical papers, last visited Jan. 31, 2007, This translates to a rate of 5,980 tons of sand per km2 of the watershed. The Yellow River is therefore threatening to become clogged with silt more quickly than originally anticipated. Seasonal variation of sand erosion is observed. During December and January, sand concentrations in the Jinghe river are from 0.23 kg/m3 to 0.37 kg/m3, but increase to 308-332 kg/m3 during July and August. Shan 2005, Soil erosion mainly occurs on the slopes between July and September each year. Uneven distribution of rainfall, the loose structure of sand, segmental topography, wide dist
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3 during July and August. Shan (2005). Soil erosion mainly occurs on the slopes between July and September each year. Uneven distribution of rainfall, the loose structure of sand, segmental topography, wide distribution of slopes and valleys, and human interventions are major causes of soil erosion.
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10
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34447532800
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S.W. NIU, DESERTIFICATION AND ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRUCTION IN WESTERN CHINA 152 (2001) (in Chinese).
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S.W. NIU, DESERTIFICATION AND ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRUCTION IN WESTERN CHINA 152 (2001) (in Chinese).
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11
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0030609754
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The Potential Benefits of Agroforestry in the Sahal and Other Semi-Arid Regions, 7
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H. Breman & J.J. Kessler, The Potential Benefits of Agroforestry in the Sahal and Other Semi-Arid Regions, 7 EUR. J. AGRONOMY 25 (1997).
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, vol.25
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Breman, H.1
Kessler, J.J.2
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12
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0034723319
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Returning America's Forests to Their "Natural" Roots, 287
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Keith Kloor, Returning America's Forests to Their "Natural" Roots, 287 SCIENCE 573 (2000).
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(2000)
SCIENCE
, vol.573
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Kloor, K.1
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13
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0027975167
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A Markov Model of Land-Use Change Dynamics in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada, 9
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Michael R. Muller & John Middleton, A Markov Model of Land-Use Change Dynamics in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada, 9 LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 151, 151 (1994).
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, vol.151
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Muller, M.R.1
Middleton, J.2
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14
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0034713417
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Landscape History as a Planning Tool, 49 LANDSCAPE & URB
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Daniel J. Marcucci, Landscape History as a Planning Tool, 49 LANDSCAPE & URB. PLAN. 67, 67 (2000).
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(2000)
PLAN
, vol.67
, pp. 67
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Marcucci, D.J.1
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15
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34447502785
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Rajan Kantilal Gengaje, Rural Development in Villagers' Perception: Analytical Approach to Strengthening the Interface Between People and Officials - The Case of a District in India (1996) (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Asian Instit. of Tech.).
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Rajan Kantilal Gengaje, Rural Development in Villagers' Perception: Analytical Approach to Strengthening the Interface Between People and Officials - The Case of a District in India (1996) (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Asian Instit. of Tech.).
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16
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34447520920
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SHARMISTHA SWAIN & JAYANT KUMAR ROUTRAY, ASIAN INST. OF TECH., MICROWATERSHED LAND USE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN INDIA: A GIS-BASED APPLICATION 122-23 (Asian Inst. of Tech. 2002).
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SHARMISTHA SWAIN & JAYANT KUMAR ROUTRAY, ASIAN INST. OF TECH., MICROWATERSHED LAND USE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN INDIA: A GIS-BASED APPLICATION 122-23 (Asian Inst. of Tech. 2002).
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17
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34447519615
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STAT. BUREAU OF GUYUAN CITY, ECONOMIC COMPONENTS OF GUYUAN 46-47 (2005).
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STAT. BUREAU OF GUYUAN CITY, ECONOMIC COMPONENTS OF GUYUAN 46-47 (2005).
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18
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34447504272
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Survey Data were provided by the Resource and Environmental Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Survey Data were provided by the Resource and Environmental Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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19
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34447551110
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Recent Land Use Changes and Spatial Analysis, 32
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J.Y. Liu et al., Recent Land Use Changes and Spatial Analysis, 32 CHINA SCI. 1031, 1034 (2002).
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(2002)
CHINA SCI
, vol.1031
, pp. 1034
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Liu, J.Y.1
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20
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34447518004
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Id
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Id.
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22
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34447532798
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SPSS refers to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
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SPSS refers to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.
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24
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34447540628
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WORLD DATA CTR. FOR RENEWABLE RES. & ENV'T, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCI. (2004);
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WORLD DATA CTR. FOR RENEWABLE RES. & ENV'T, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCI. (2004);
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25
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34447501283
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see
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see http://www.wdc.cn/wdcdrre.
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26
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34447528163
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Liu et al, supra note 19, at 1034
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Liu et al., supra note 19, at 1034.
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27
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34447558947
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Analysis of the Dynamic Trends of Landscape Patterns in the Arid Regions of West China, 27 GANHANQU DILI
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Y. Ma et al., Analysis of the Dynamic Trends of Landscape Patterns in the Arid Regions of West China, 27 GANHANQU DILI [ARID LAND GEOGRAPHY] 516, 516 (2004).
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, vol.516
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Ma, Y.1
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0032470188
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The Forest Transition: A Theoretical Basis, 30
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See
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See A.S. Mather & C.L. Needle, The Forest Transition: A Theoretical Basis, 30 AREA 117 (1998).
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, vol.117
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Mather, A.S.1
Needle, C.L.2
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29
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0032997746
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The Course and Drivers of the Forest Transition: The Case of France, 15
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See
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See A.S. Mather et al., The Course and Drivers of the Forest Transition: The Case of France, 15 J. RURAL STUD. 65 (1999).
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(1999)
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Mather, A.S.1
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30
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34447500949
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Field Survey 2003
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Field Survey (2003).
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31
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34447519614
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Basic farmland consists of: Farms for base agricultural products (such as crops, cotton, edible oils, and other high quality products) approved by the government, exploited farmland with high productivity and good irrigation, base vegetable products for large and middle cities, and experimental fields for scientific and educational purposes
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Basic farmland consists of: Farms for base agricultural products (such as crops, cotton, edible oils, and other high quality products) approved by the government, exploited farmland with high productivity and good irrigation, base vegetable products for large and middle cities, and experimental fields for scientific and educational purposes.
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32
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34447543400
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STATE DEV. PLAN. COMM'N, THE OVERALL PLAN OF WESTERN REGION DEVELOPMENT AND RELATED POLICY MEASURES 79, 86 (2002) (P.R.C.).
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STATE DEV. PLAN. COMM'N, THE OVERALL PLAN OF WESTERN REGION DEVELOPMENT AND RELATED POLICY MEASURES 79, 86 (2002) (P.R.C.).
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33
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0038608212
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George C.S. Lin & Samuel P.S. Hob, China's Land Resources and Land-Use Change: Insights from the 1996 Land Survey, 20 LAND USE POL'Y 87, 98 (2003).
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George C.S. Lin & Samuel P.S. Hob, China's Land Resources and Land-Use Change: Insights from the 1996 Land Survey, 20 LAND USE POL'Y 87, 98 (2003).
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34
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34447538757
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Zhen et al, supra note 7, at 33
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Zhen et al., supra note 7, at 33.
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35
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34447537220
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STATE COUNCIL, CIRCULAR FOR CONSERVATION OF FOREST RESOURCES AND PROHIBITION OF DEFORESTATION AND OCCUPATION OF FOREST LAND (1998) (P.R.C.).
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STATE COUNCIL, CIRCULAR FOR CONSERVATION OF FOREST RESOURCES AND PROHIBITION OF DEFORESTATION AND OCCUPATION OF FOREST LAND (1998) (P.R.C.).
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36
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34447529727
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STATE DEV. PLAN. COMM'N, supra note 31, at 202
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STATE DEV. PLAN. COMM'N, supra note 31, at 202.
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37
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34447499423
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Id. at 196
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Id. at 196.
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34447511967
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Id
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Id.
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40
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34447516207
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The study was conducted as part of the Economic and Social Research Council's Global Environmental Change Programme, managed by the Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen
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The study was conducted as part of the Economic and Social Research Council's Global Environmental Change Programme, managed by the Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen. See http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/gec/.
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See
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41
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0024873505
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P. Hirsch & L. Lohmann, Contemporary Politics of Environment in Thailand, 29 ASIAN SURV. 439, 439 (1989).
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P. Hirsch & L. Lohmann, Contemporary Politics of Environment in Thailand, 29 ASIAN SURV. 439, 439 (1989).
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42
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17244376347
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Government Policies and Land Degradation in the Middle East, 16
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See
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See T.T. Nielsen & H.K. Adriansen, Government Policies and Land Degradation in the Middle East, 16 LAND DEGRADATION & DEV. 151, 151 (2005).
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(2005)
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, vol.151
, pp. 151
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Nielsen, T.T.1
Adriansen, H.K.2
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43
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34447510274
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STATE DEV. PLANNING COMM'N, supra note 31, at 80
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STATE DEV. PLANNING COMM'N, supra note 31, at 80.
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45
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34447544955
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Ministry of Agric., Survey (2003) (P.R.C.).
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Ministry of Agric., Survey (2003) (P.R.C.).
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46
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34447513525
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Id
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Id.
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48
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34447549552
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Zhang, supra note 23, at 44
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Zhang, supra note 23, at 44.
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49
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34447502784
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Lin & Hob, supra note 32, at 106
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Lin & Hob, supra note 32, at 106.
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50
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23844511083
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Zhiming Feng et al., Grain-for-Green Policy and Its Impacts on Grain Supply in West China, 22 LAND USE POL'Y 301, 301 (2005).
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Zhiming Feng et al., Grain-for-Green Policy and Its Impacts on Grain Supply in West China, 22 LAND USE POL'Y 301, 301 (2005).
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51
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34447549549
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H.J. Wang & R.R. Ren, Conversion of Agricultural Land into Forest and Grassland and Ecological Environmental Construction in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas of China, J. DEV. FOREST SCI. & TECH. 7, 7 (2001) (in Chinese).
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H.J. Wang & R.R. Ren, Conversion of Agricultural Land into Forest and Grassland and Ecological Environmental Construction in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas of China, J. DEV. FOREST SCI. & TECH. 7, 7 (2001) (in Chinese).
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52
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34447502783
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People's Republic of China: Bureau of Land Resources, the Bureau of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, and the Bureau of Environmental Protection.
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People's Republic of China: Bureau of Land Resources, the Bureau of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, and the Bureau of Environmental Protection.
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53
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34447506969
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The following agencies are involved in land management in the People's Republic of China: The Bureau of Land Resources, the Bureau of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, and the Bureau of Environmental Protection.
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The following agencies are involved in land management in the People's Republic of China: The Bureau of Land Resources, the Bureau of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, and the Bureau of Environmental Protection.
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54
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4344618160
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Preservation of Agricultural Lands Through Land Use Planning Tools and Techniques, 44
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Elisa Paster, Comment, Preservation of Agricultural Lands Through Land Use Planning Tools and Techniques, 44 NAT. RESOURCES J. 283, 318 (2004).
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(2004)
NAT. RESOURCES J
, vol.283
, pp. 318
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Elisa Paster, C.1
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55
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13644281820
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Martin Nie, Administrative Rulemaking and Public Lands Conflict: The Forest Service's Roadless Rule, 44 NAT. RESOURCES J. 687 (2004) (discussing the use of rulemaking by U.S. agencies to address controversial issues).
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Martin Nie, Administrative Rulemaking and Public Lands Conflict: The Forest Service's Roadless Rule, 44 NAT. RESOURCES J. 687 (2004) (discussing the use of rulemaking by U.S. agencies to address controversial issues).
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56
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6044226662
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Enhancement of Area-Specific Land-Use Objectives for Land Development, 15
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See, e.g
-
See, e.g., U.B. Nidumolu et al., Enhancement of Area-Specific Land-Use Objectives for Land Development, 15 LAND DEGRADATION & DEV. 513, 513 (2004).
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LAND DEGRADATION & DEV
, vol.513
, pp. 513
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Nidumolu, U.B.1
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57
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34447525928
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The government hopes to relocate 26,800 farmers from Guyuan, 51,400 from Jingyuan, and 26,000 from Longde.
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The government hopes to relocate 26,800 farmers from Guyuan, 51,400 from Jingyuan, and 26,000 from Longde.
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