메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 231, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 227-234

A review of the causes, prevention, and welfare of nonambulatory cattle

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EUTHANASIA; ANIMAL WELFARE; CATTLE; CONSCIOUSNESS; ETHICS; LEGAL ASPECT; METHODOLOGY; MOTIVATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW; SAFETY; SLAUGHTERHOUSE; STANDARD; TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT;

EID: 34447521737     PISSN: 00031488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2460/javma.231.2.227     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 34447573428 scopus 로고
    • Postparturient albuminuria and the "downer" cow syndrome
    • 7th Annu Conv Am Vet Med Assoc
    • Sellers AR, Pritchard WR, Weber AF, et al. Postparturient albuminuria and the "downer" cow syndrome, in Proceedings. 7th Annu Conv Am Vet Med Assoc 1955:35-37.
    • (1955) Proceedings , pp. 35-37
    • Sellers, A.R.1    Pritchard, W.R.2    Weber, A.F.3
  • 2
    • 34447575439 scopus 로고
    • The creeper cow
    • Johnson BL. The creeper cow. Mod Vet Pract 1962;43:36-39.
    • (1962) Mod Vet Pract , vol.43 , pp. 36-39
    • Johnson, B.L.1
  • 3
    • 34447563372 scopus 로고
    • Understanding the downer cow syndrome
    • Cox VS. Understanding the downer cow syndrome. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1981;3:S472-S478.
    • (1981) Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet , vol.3
    • Cox, V.S.1
  • 6
    • 0142151003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonambulatory livestock transport: The need of consensus
    • Doonan G, Appelt M, Corbin A. Nonambulatory livestock transport: the need of consensus. Can Vet J 2003;44:667-672.
    • (2003) Can Vet J , vol.44 , pp. 667-672
    • Doonan, G.1    Appelt, M.2    Corbin, A.3
  • 7
    • 34447580643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the Committee on Animal Welfare
    • USAHA, 110th Annu Meet US Anim Health Assoc
    • USAHA. Report of the Committee on Animal Welfare, in Proceedings. 110th Annu Meet US Anim Health Assoc 2006; 137-143.
    • (2006) Proceedings , pp. 137-143
  • 8
    • 34447568926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA, NASS. Non-ambulatory cattle and calves, May 5, 2005. National Agricultural Statistical Service Web site. Available at: usda.mannlib.cornell. edu/reports/nassr/livestock/non-amb-catt/. Accessed Aug 21, 2006.
    • USDA, NASS. Non-ambulatory cattle and calves, May 5, 2005. National Agricultural Statistical Service Web site. Available at: usda.mannlib.cornell. edu/reports/nassr/livestock/non-amb-catt/. Accessed Aug 21, 2006.
  • 9
    • 38249041175 scopus 로고
    • Downer cow occurrence in Minnesota dairy herds
    • Cox VS, Marsh WE, Steurnagel GR, et al. Downer cow occurrence in Minnesota dairy herds. Prev Vet Med 1986;4:249-260.
    • (1986) Prev Vet Med , vol.4 , pp. 249-260
    • Cox, V.S.1    Marsh, W.E.2    Steurnagel, G.R.3
  • 10
    • 0024076573 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of metabolic disorders in the periparturient dairy cow
    • Erb HN, Grohn YT. Epidemiology of metabolic disorders in the periparturient dairy cow. J Dairy Sci 1988;71:2557-2571.
    • (1988) J Dairy Sci , vol.71 , pp. 2557-2571
    • Erb, H.N.1    Grohn, Y.T.2
  • 11
    • 34447546328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downed Animal Law. Penal Code 599E Available at: law.onecle. com/california/penal/599f.html. Accessed Nov 21, 2006.
    • Downed Animal Law. Penal Code 599E Available at: law.onecle. com/california/penal/599f.html. Accessed Nov 21, 2006.
  • 12
    • 34447579683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 9 CRF Part 309 Antemortem inspection
    • USDA, Food Safety Inspection Service
    • USDA, Food Safety Inspection Service. 9 CRF Part 309 Antemortem inspection. Fed Register 2004;69:1873-1874.
    • (2004) Fed Register , vol.69 , pp. 1873-1874
  • 13
    • 34447541808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health of Animals Act, Part 12, 138.2; 1975.
    • Health of Animals Act, Part 12, 138.2; 1975.
  • 14
    • 34447552130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canada Gazette. Regulations amending the health of animals regulations. Available at: gazetteducanada.gc.ca/partI/2004/20041218/html/regle3-e.html. Accessed Aug 21, 2006.
    • Canada Gazette. Regulations amending the health of animals regulations. Available at: gazetteducanada.gc.ca/partI/2004/20041218/html/regle3-e.html. Accessed Aug 21, 2006.
  • 15
    • 34447568920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amendment to the Health of Animals Regulation; June 29, 2005.
    • Amendment to the Health of Animals Regulation; June 29, 2005.
  • 16
    • 34447546329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council Regulation (EC) No, transport and related operations and amendments
    • Council Regulation (EC) No. 1/2005 on the protection of animals during transport and related operations and amendments.
    • 1/2005 on the protection of animals during
  • 17
    • 34447570344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Section 4.1.4. Code of Animal Welfare No. 15. 1995; Amendments 1996 and 1998.
    • Section 4.1.4. Code of Animal Welfare No. 15. 1995; Amendments 1996 and 1998.
  • 18
    • 34447546331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Office International des Épitzooties, Article, Available at:, Accessed Jun 10, 2005
    • Office International des Épitzooties. Guidelines for the land transport of animals. Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Article 5, page 32. Available at: www.oie.int/downld/SC/2005/animal_welfare_2005.pdf. Accessed Jun 10, 2005.
    • Guidelines for the land transport of animals. Terrestrial Animal Health Code , vol.5 , pp. 32
  • 19
    • 34447548298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AVMA, Available at:, Accessed Nov 21
    • AVMA. Disabled livestock. Available at: www.avma.org/issues/policy/ animal_welfare/disabled_livestock.asp. Accessed Nov 21, 2006.
    • (2006) Disabled livestock
  • 20
    • 34447571399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food Marketing Institute, FMI-NCCR animal welfare program. Available at:, Accessed Aug 21
    • Food Marketing Institute. January 2003 report, FMI-NCCR animal welfare program. Available at: www.fmi.org/animal_welfare/january03rpt.pdf. Accessed Aug 21, 2006.
    • (2006) January 2003 report
  • 21
    • 0041528262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Escherichia coli O157-H7 from downer and healthy dairy cattle in the upper Midwest region of the United States
    • Byrne CM, Erol I, Call JE, et al. Characterization of Escherichia coli O157-H7 from downer and healthy dairy cattle in the upper Midwest region of the United States. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003;69:4683-4688.
    • (2003) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.69 , pp. 4683-4688
    • Byrne, C.M.1    Erol, I.2    Call, J.E.3
  • 22
    • 34447571398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maas J, Stull C, Oliver M, et al. Pilot study to determine the medical etiology of disabled dairy cattle at slaughter facilities, in Proceedings. Production Food Safety Workshop, US Animal Health Assoc 1995;34.
    • Maas J, Stull C, Oliver M, et al. Pilot study to determine the medical etiology of disabled dairy cattle at slaughter facilities, in Proceedings. Production Food Safety Workshop, US Animal Health Assoc 1995;34.
  • 23
    • 0012912024 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the incidence of 1992 STOP test detected antibiotic residues between the California and other western states slaughtered cow populations
    • Fajo M, Norman BB, Farver TF, et al. A comparison of the incidence of 1992 STOP test detected antibiotic residues between the California and other western states slaughtered cow populations. California Veterinarian 1995;49:11-12.
    • (1995) California Veterinarian , vol.49 , pp. 11-12
    • Fajo, M.1    Norman, B.B.2    Farver, T.F.3
  • 24
    • 34447567930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey description of down-cows and cows with progressive or non-progressive neurological signs compatible with a TSE from veterinary-client herds in 38 states
    • Hansen D, Bridges V. A survey description of down-cows and cows with progressive or non-progressive neurological signs compatible with a TSE from veterinary-client herds in 38 states. Bovine Pract 1999;33:179-187.
    • (1999) Bovine Pract , vol.33 , pp. 179-187
    • Hansen, D.1    Bridges, V.2
  • 25
    • 34447564636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA. An estimate of the prevalence of BSE in the United States (draft report). Washington, DC: Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Services, USDA. April 27, 2006.
    • USDA. An estimate of the prevalence of BSE in the United States (draft report). Washington, DC: Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Services, USDA. April 27, 2006.
  • 26
    • 34447572369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA, Harvard risk assessment of bovine spongiform encephalopathy update. Available at:, Accessed Nov 21, 2006
    • USDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service. 2005 Harvard risk assessment of bovine spongiform encephalopathy update. Available at: www.fsis.usda.gov/ Science/Risk_Assessments/index.asp. Accessed Nov 21, 2006.
    • (2005) Food Safety and Inspection Service
  • 27
    • 34447553099 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis in the downer cow
    • Andrews AH. Prognosis in the downer cow. Bovine Pract 1983;18:41-43.
    • (1983) Bovine Pract , vol.18 , pp. 41-43
    • Andrews, A.H.1
  • 28
    • 0024048899 scopus 로고
    • Nonsystemic causes of the downer cow syndrome
    • Cox VS. Nonsystemic causes of the downer cow syndrome. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 1988;4:413-433.
    • (1988) Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract , vol.4 , pp. 413-433
    • Cox, V.S.1
  • 29
    • 34447574429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cox VS, Farmsworth RJ. Prevention and treatment of down cows: a continuum, in Proceedings. 31st Annu Conf Am Assoc Bovine Pract 1998;167-169.
    • Cox VS, Farmsworth RJ. Prevention and treatment of down cows: a continuum, in Proceedings. 31st Annu Conf Am Assoc Bovine Pract 1998;167-169.
  • 30
    • 34447557453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tackling the problem of the downer cow: Cause, diagnosis and prognosis
    • Harwood JPP. Tackling the problem of the downer cow: cause, diagnosis and prognosis. Cattle Pract 2003;11:89-92.
    • (2003) Cattle Pract , vol.11 , pp. 89-92
    • Harwood, J.P.P.1
  • 31
    • 34447533936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roussel AJ. Downer cow syndrome. Agri Pract 1986;7:31-35.
    • Roussel AJ. Downer cow syndrome. Agri Pract 1986;7:31-35.
  • 32
    • 34447554142 scopus 로고
    • A review of the veterinarian's role in handling of down/disabled cattle
    • Stark DA. A review of the veterinarian's role in handling of down/disabled cattle. Bovine Pract 1995,29:125-127.
    • (1995) Bovine Pract , vol.29 , pp. 125-127
    • Stark, D.A.1
  • 34
    • 0020489930 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of the downer cow syndrome
    • Cox VS. Pathogenesis of the downer cow syndrome. Vet Rec 1982;111:76-79.
    • (1982) Vet Rec , vol.111 , pp. 76-79
    • Cox, V.S.1
  • 35
    • 0020023981 scopus 로고
    • The role of pressure damage in pathogenesis of the downer cow syndrome
    • Cox VS, McGrath CJ, Jorgensen SE. The role of pressure damage in pathogenesis of the downer cow syndrome. Am J Vet Res 1982;43:26-31.
    • (1982) Am J Vet Res , vol.43 , pp. 26-31
    • Cox, V.S.1    McGrath, C.J.2    Jorgensen, S.E.3
  • 36
    • 34250184705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of the musculoskeletal system in recumbent cattle
    • Van Metre DC, Callan RJ, Garry FB. Examination of the musculoskeletal system in recumbent cattle. Food Anim Comp 2001;23: S5-S13.
    • (2001) Food Anim Comp , vol.23
    • Van Metre, D.C.1    Callan, R.J.2    Garry, F.B.3
  • 37
    • 0022668147 scopus 로고
    • Definition of non-alert downer cow syndrome and some case histories
    • Fenwick DC, Kelly WR, Daniel RCW. Definition of non-alert downer cow syndrome and some case histories. Vet Rec 1986;118:124-128.
    • (1986) Vet Rec , vol.118 , pp. 124-128
    • Fenwick, D.C.1    Kelly, W.R.2    Daniel, R.C.W.3
  • 38
    • 34447575438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chamberlain AT, Cripps PJ. Prognostic indicators for the downer cow, in Proceedings. 6th Int Conf Prod Dis Farm Anim 1986;32-35.
    • Chamberlain AT, Cripps PJ. Prognostic indicators for the downer cow, in Proceedings. 6th Int Conf Prod Dis Farm Anim 1986;32-35.
  • 40
    • 34447574428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haemato-biochemical studies on downer cows
    • Wadhwa DR, Prasad B. Haemato-biochemical studies on downer cows. Indian J Vet Med 2002;22:11-14.
    • (2002) Indian J Vet Med , vol.22 , pp. 11-14
    • Wadhwa, D.R.1    Prasad, B.2
  • 41
    • 34447575435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum levels of muscle enzymes in clinically healthy and in cows suffering from downer cow syndrome
    • Lopes RS, Kohayagawa A, Gentile LB. Serum levels of muscle enzymes in clinically healthy and in cows suffering from "downer cow syndrome." Veterinária Noticias 1999;5:75-78.
    • (1999) Veterinária Noticias , vol.5 , pp. 75-78
    • Lopes, R.S.1    Kohayagawa, A.2    Gentile, L.B.3
  • 42
    • 34447570342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Livestock Conservation Institute, Available at:, Accessed Aug 21
    • Livestock Conservation Institute. Proper handling techniques for non-ambulatory animals. Available at: www.animalagriculture.org/pamphlets/ ProperHandlingTech/ProperHandling.asp. Accessed Aug 21, 2006.
    • (2006) Proper handling techniques for non-ambulatory animals
  • 43
    • 0038450653 scopus 로고
    • An update on the downer cow syndrome
    • Cox VS, Onapito JS. An update on the downer cow syndrome. Bovine Pract 1986;21:196-200.
    • (1986) Bovine Pract , vol.21 , pp. 196-200
    • Cox, V.S.1    Onapito, J.S.2
  • 44
    • 0027126423 scopus 로고
    • Sand as bedding for a downer cow
    • Cox VS, Marion RS. Sand as bedding for a downer cow. Vet Rec 1992;130:74-75.
    • (1992) Vet Rec , vol.130 , pp. 74-75
    • Cox, V.S.1    Marion, R.S.2
  • 46
    • 0016991864 scopus 로고
    • Management of downer cows
    • Kronfeld DS. Management of downer cows. Mod Vet Pract 1976; 57:599-602.
    • (1976) Mod Vet Pract , vol.57 , pp. 599-602
    • Kronfeld, D.S.1
  • 47
    • 34447534950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down cows and hot tubs
    • 101st Annu Meet US Anim Health Assoc
    • Smith BP, Angelos J, George LW, et al. Down cows and hot tubs, in Proceedings. 101st Annu Meet US Anim Health Assoc 1997;5-7.
    • (1997) Proceedings , pp. 5-7
    • Smith, B.P.1    Angelos, J.2    George, L.W.3
  • 48
    • 33747008363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down cows (alert downers)
    • Smith BP, ed, 3rd ed. St Louis: CV Mosby Inc
    • Smith BP, Angelos I, George LW. Down cows (alert downers). In: Smith BP, ed. Large animal internal medicine. 3rd ed. St Louis: CV Mosby Inc, 2002;1017-1018.
    • (2002) Large animal internal medicine , pp. 1017-1018
    • Smith, B.P.1    Angelos, I.2    George, L.W.3
  • 49
    • 0346460914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of the aqua cow rise system for lifting downer cows as regards practicality, efficacy and cost effectiveness
    • Schade A, Iking J, Wagner K, et al. Examination of the aqua cow rise system for lifting downer cows as regards practicality, efficacy and cost effectiveness. Praktische-Tierarzt 1999;80:320-332.
    • (1999) Praktische-Tierarzt , vol.80 , pp. 320-332
    • Schade, A.1    Iking, J.2    Wagner, K.3
  • 50
    • 2942587020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical examination of the ruminant nervous system
    • Constable PD. Clinical examination of the ruminant nervous system. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2004;20;185-214.
    • (2004) Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract , vol.20 , pp. 185-214
    • Constable, P.D.1
  • 51
    • 77953924232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compartment, downer and muscle crush syndrome in cattle
    • Smith BP, ed, 3rd ed. St Louis: CV Mosby Inc
    • Hodgson DR, Valberg SJ. Compartment, downer and muscle crush syndrome in cattle. In: Smith BP, ed. Large animal internal medicine. 3rd ed. St Louis: CV Mosby Inc, 2002;1283.
    • (2002) Large animal internal medicine , pp. 1283
    • Hodgson, D.R.1    Valberg, S.J.2
  • 52
    • 0242331759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on FARAD food animal drug withholding recommendations
    • Haskell SR, Gehring R, Payne MA, et al. Update on FARAD food animal drug withholding recommendations. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;223:1277-1278.
    • (2003) J Am Vet Med Assoc , vol.223 , pp. 1277-1278
    • Haskell, S.R.1    Gehring, R.2    Payne, M.A.3
  • 53
    • 0242312755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory therapy in dairy cattle: Therapeutic and regulatory considerations
    • Payne MA. Anti-inflammatory therapy in dairy cattle: therapeutic and regulatory considerations. California Veterinarian 2001;55:10-12.
    • (2001) California Veterinarian , vol.55 , pp. 10-12
    • Payne, M.A.1
  • 55
    • 27944469962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain in farm animals: Challenges and solutions
    • Benson JG, Rollin BE, eds, Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    • Benson JG. Pain in farm animals: challenges and solutions. In: Benson JG, Rollin BE, eds. The well-being of farm animals: challenges and solutions. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004;61-84.
    • (2004) The well-being of farm animals: Challenges and solutions , pp. 61-84
    • Benson, J.G.1
  • 57
    • 0000396437 scopus 로고
    • Descriptive epidemiology of culling in dairy cows from 34 herds in New York state
    • Milian-Suazo F, Erb HN, Smith D. Descriptive epidemiology of culling in dairy cows from 34 herds in New York state. Prev Vet Med 1988;6:243-251.
    • (1988) Prev Vet Med , vol.6 , pp. 243-251
    • Milian-Suazo, F.1    Erb, H.N.2    Smith, D.3
  • 58
    • 0031181765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for preventing milk fever in dairy cattle
    • Horst RL, Goff JP, Rienhardt TA, et al. Strategies for preventing milk fever in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 1997;80:1269-1290.
    • (1997) J Dairy Sci , vol.80 , pp. 1269-1290
    • Horst, R.L.1    Goff, J.P.2    Rienhardt, T.A.3
  • 59
    • 0035231760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milk fever and subclinical hypocalcaemia - an evaluation of parameters and incidence risk, diagnosis, risk factors and biological effects as input for decision support system for disease control
    • Houe H, Ostergaard S, Thilsing-Hansen T, et al. Milk fever and subclinical hypocalcaemia - an evaluation of parameters and incidence risk, diagnosis, risk factors and biological effects as input for decision support system for disease control. Acta Vet Scand 2001;42:1-29.
    • (2001) Acta Vet Scand , vol.42 , pp. 1-29
    • Houe, H.1    Ostergaard, S.2    Thilsing-Hansen, T.3
  • 60
    • 4744338327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing the dairy cow at calving time
    • Mee JF. Managing the dairy cow at calving time. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2004;3:521-546.
    • (2004) Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract , vol.3 , pp. 521-546
    • Mee, J.F.1
  • 62
    • 0035891778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welfare of cattle during slaughter and the prevention of nonambulatory (downer) cattle
    • Grandin T. Welfare of cattle during slaughter and the prevention of nonambulatory (downer) cattle. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;219:1377-1382.
    • (2001) J Am Vet Med Assoc , vol.219 , pp. 1377-1382
    • Grandin, T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.