Hirudin - The long and stony way from an anticoagulant peptide in the saliva of medicinal leech to a recombinant drug and beyond. A historical piece

Thrombosis and Haemostasis

Volumn 98, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 116-119

  Nowak, Götz ^a   Schrör, Karsten ^b  

^a FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL DÜSSELDORF   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; COUMARIN; HEPARIN; LEPIRUDIN; RECOMBINANT HIRUDIN;

AMINO ACID ANALYSIS; ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ANTICOAGULATION; ARTICLE; CALCIUM BLOOD LEVEL; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG DETERMINATION; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG INHIBITION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG PURIFICATION; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG STRUCTURE; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION; HUMAN; IMMUNITY; LEECH; LEECHING; META ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; THROMBOCYTE FUNCTION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; THROMBOEMBOLISM;

ANIMALS; ANTICOAGULANTS; HIRUDIN THERAPY; HIRUDINS; HUMANS; LEECHES; PEPTIDES; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS;

EID: 34447508256     PISSN: 03406245     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1160/TH07-05-0364     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Wallis RB. Hirudin: From leeches to man. Sem Thromb Hemost 1996; 22: 185-196.
2. Müller IW. Handbuch der Blutegeltherapie. Heidelberg, Karl F. Haug-Verlag 2000.
3. Haycraft JB. Über die Einwirkung eines Sekretes des officinellen Blutegels auf die Gerinnbarkeit des Blutes. Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 1884; 18: 209-217.
4. Blobel P. Versuche über Transfusion mit dem vom Blutegel gesogenen Blute und über die Verwendung frisch bereiteten Egeldecoctes zur Transfusion. Med. Dis. Greifswald 1892.
5. Jacobj C. Verfahren zur Darstellung des die Blutgerinnung aufhebenden Bestandtheiles des Blutegels. D.R.P., 1902; Patent Nr. 136103, Klasse 30h/204.
6. Jacobj C. Über Hirudin. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1904; 33: 1786-1787.
7. Morawitz P. Die Chemie der Blutgerinnung. Ergebn Physiol 1905; 4: 306-332.
8. Haas G. Dialysieren des strömenden Blutes am Lebenden. Klin Wochenschr 1923; 2: 1888.
9. Haas G. Versuche der Blutauswaschung am Lebenden mit Hilfe der Dialyse. Klin Wochenschr 1925; 4: 13-14.
10. Haas G. Über Blutwaschung. Klin Wochenschr 1928; 7: 1356-1362.
11. Haas G. Über die Fortschritte der Blutauswaschung am Lebenden mit Hilfe der Dialyse, zugleich eine Kritik über neuere die Blutgerinnung hemmende Mittel. Münch Med Wochenschr 1928; 75: 624.
12. Termier. Traitement abortif des phlébites chirurgicales avec lever précoce. 31. Congrès francais de Chirurgie. 1922, Presse médicale, Paris, 888.
13. Markwardt F. Die Isolierung und chemische Charakterisierung des Hirudins. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem 1957; 308: 147-156.
14. Bodong A. Über Hirudin. Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 1905; 52: 242-261.
15. Baskova IP, Cherkesova DU, Mossolov VV. Purification of hirudin by isoelectric focusing. Biochimija 1976; 41: 939-941.
16. Baskova IP, Cherkesova DU, Mossolov VV. Hirudin from leech head and whole leech and "pseudo hirudin" from leech bodies. Thromb Res 1983; 30: 459-467.
17. Markwardt F, Walsmann P. Reindarstellung und Analyse des Thrombininhibitors Hirudin. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem 1967; 348: 1381-1386.
18. Petersen TE, Roberts HR, Sottrup-Jensen L, et al. Primary structure of hirudin, a thrombin-specific inhibitor. In: Peters H (Ed.). Protides of the Biological Fluids. Vol 23, Pergamon Press, London/New York 1976; 145-149.
19. Dodt J, Seemüller U, Maschler R, et al. The complete covalent structure of hirudin. Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler 1985; 366: 379-385.
20. Gruetter MG, Priestle JP, Rahuel J, et al. Crystal structure of the thrombin-hirudin complex: A novel mode of serine protease inhibition. EMBO J 1990; 9: 2361-2365.
21. Fortkamp E, Rieger M, Heisterberg-Moutses G, et al. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a synthetic DNA for hirudin, the blood coagulation inhibitor in the leech. DNA 1986; 5: 511-517.
22. Agnelli G, Pascussi C, Cosmi B, et al. The comparative effects of recombinant hirudin (CGP39393) and standard heparin on thrombus growth in rabbits. Thromb Haemost 1990; 63: 204-207.
23. Biemond BJ, Levi M, Nurmohamed MT, et al. Additive effect of the combined administration of low-molecular weight heparin and recombinant hirudin on thrombus growth in a rabbit jugular vein thrombosis model. Thromb Haemost 1994; 72: 377-380.
24. Glusa E, Markwardt F. Platelet functions in recombinant hirudin-anticoagulated blood. Haemostasis 1990; 20: 112-118.
25. ++ concentrations. Thromb Res 1994; 75: 233-242.
26. Markwardt F, Nowak G, Stürzebecher J, et al. Pharmacokinetics and anticoagulant effect of hirudin in man. Thromb Haemost 1984; 52: 160-163.
27. Markwardt F, Nowak G, Stürzebecher J, et al. Clinicopharmacological studies with recombinant hirudin. Thromb Res 1988; 52: 393-400.
28. Parent F, Bridey F, Dreyfus M, et al. Treatment of severe venous thromboembolism with intravenous hirudin (HBW 023): An open pilot study. Thromb Haemost 1993; 70: 386-388.
29. Eriksson BI, Kälebo P, Ekman S, et al. Direct thrombin inhibition with rec-hirudin CGP 39393 as prophylaxis of thromboembolic complications after hip replacement. Thromb Haemost 1994; 72: 227-231.
30. Yusuf S, Pogue J, Anand S, et al. on behalf of the OASIS-2 Investigators. Effects of recombinant hirudin (lepirudin) compared with heparin on death, myocardial infarction, refractory angina, and revascularisation procedures in patients with acute myocardial ischaemia without ST elevation: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 429-438.