Secondary hypertension due to drugs and toxins

Southern Medical Journal

Volumn 100, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 692-699

  Gyamlani, Geeta ^a   Geraci, Stephen A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Drugs; Hypertension; Resistant; Secondary; Toxins

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMPHETAMINE; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; BROFAROMINE; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CELECOXIB; CLONIDINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOSPORIN; DANAZOL; DEXAMETHASONE; DIPIVEFRINE; DIURETIC AGENT; ESTROGEN; FLUOXETINE; HYDRALAZINE; IBUPROFEN; KETOCONAZOLE; LABETALOL; MOCLOBEMIDE; NAPROXEN; PIROXICAM; RECOMBINANT ERYTHROPOIETIN; ROFECOXIB; SULINDAC; TERAZOSIN; TRANYLCYPROMINE; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; UNINDEXED DRUG; VENLAFAXINE;

ALCOHOLISM; ANESTHESIA; ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; CARDIAC GRAFT REJECTION; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG ANTAGONISM; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EMERGENCY; ENDOMETRIOSIS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; KIDNEY FAILURE; KIDNEY GRAFT REJECTION; LIVER GRAFT REJECTION; LOW DRUG DOSE; OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PANIC; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; PRESCRIPTION; REBOUND; REVIEW; TREATMENT RESPONSE; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MEDICAL HISTORY TAKING; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 34447342239     PISSN: 00384348     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318063c3e8     Document Type: Review

References (108)

1. Page B, Amoura Z, Grunfeld JP. Effects of corticosteroids on bone and blood pressure. Contrib Nephrol 1992;99:60-65.
2. Kaplan NM. Hypertension induced by cortisol or deoxycorticosterone. In Kaplan NM: Clinical Hypertension. Baltimore, MD, Williams & Wilkins, 1994, pp 343-365.
3. Whitworth JA. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced hypertension. Kidney Int 1987;31:1213-1224.
4. Whitworth JA, Brown MA, Kelly JJ, et al. Mechanisms of cortisol-induced hypertension in humans. Steroids 1995;60:76-80.
5. Pirpiris M, Sudhir K, Yeung S, et al. Pressor responsiveness in corticosteroid-induced hypertension in humans. Hypertension 1992;19(6 Pt 1):567-574.
6. Oberfield SE, Levine LS, Carey RM, et al. Metabolic and blood pressure responses to hydrocortisone in the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983;56:332-339.
7. Stewart PM, Wallace AM, Valentino R, et al. Mineralocorticoid activity of liquorice: 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency comes of age. Lancet 1987;2:821-824.
8. Monder C, Shackleton CH, Bradlow HL, et al. The syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess: its association with 11 beta-dehydrogenase and 5 beta-reductase deficiency and some consequences for corticosteroid metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;63:550-557.
9. Ulick S, Levine LS, Gunczler P, et al. A syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess associated with defects in the peripheral metabolism of cortisol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979;49:757-764.
10. Aabo K, De Coster R. Hypertension during high-dose ketoconazole treatment: a probable mineralocorticosteroid effect. Lancet 1987;2:637-638.
11. Min D, Monaco A. Complications associated with immunosuppressive therapy and their management. Pharmacotherapy 1991;11:119S-125S.
12. Woods JW. Oral contraceptives and hypertension. Hypertension 1988; 11(3 Pt 2):II-11-II-15.
13. Chasan-Taber L, Willett WC, Manson JE, et al. Prospective study of oral contraceptives and hypertension among women in the United States. Circulation 1996;94:483-489.
14. Kem DC. Sex steroids. In: Izzo JL, Black HR (eds). Hypertension Primer. Dallas, TX: American Heart Association, 1993, pp 21-22.
15. Mandel FP, Geola FL, Lu JK, et al. Biologic effects of various doses of ethinyl estradiol in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 1982;59: 673-679.
16. Bretza JA, Novey HS, Vaziri ND, et al. Hypertension: a complication of danazol therapy. Arch Intern Med 1980;140:1379-1380.
17. Porter GA, Bennett WM, Sheps SG. Cyclosporine-associated hypertension. National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Arch Intern Med 1990;150:280-283.
18. Textor SC, Taler SJ, Canzanello VJ. Cyclosporine, blood pressure and atherosclerosis. Cardiol Rev 1997;5:141-151.
19. Chapman JR, Marcen R, Arias M, et al. Hypertension after renal transplantation: a comparison of cyclosporine and conventional immunosuppression. Transplantation 1987;43:860-864.
20. Bursztyn M, Zelig O, Or R, et al. Isradipine for the prevention of cyclosporine-induced hypertension in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients: a randomized, double-blind study. Transplantation 1997;63:1034-1036.
21. Eschbach JW, Abdulhadi MH, Browne JK, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin in anemic patients with end-stage renal disease: results of a phase III multicenter clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1989;111:992-1000.
22. Sundoul E, Kaeser J. Correction of anemia of chronic renal failure with recombinant erythropoietin: safety and efficacy at one year's treatment in a European multicenter study of 150 hemodialysis-dependent patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1989;4:979-987.
23. Ishimitsu T, Tsukada H, Ogawa Y, et al. Genetic predisposition to hypertension facilitates blood pressure elevation in hemodialysis patients treated with erythropoietin. Am J Med 1993;94:401-406.
24. Gill ML, Anderton JL. Erythropoietin-induced hypertension without raising haematocrit. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1993;8:1264-1266.
25. Vaziri ND. Mechanism of erythropoietin-induced hypertension. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;33:821-828.
26. Raine AE, Roger SD. Effects of erythropoietin on blood pressure. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991;18(4 Suppl 1):76-83.
27. Eschbach JW, Aquiling T, Haley NR, et al. The long-term effects of recombinant human erythropoietin on the cardiovascular system. Clin Nephrol 1992;38(Suppl 1):S98-S103.
28. Fahal IH, Yaqoob M, Ahmad R. Phlebotomy for erythropoietin-induced malignant hypertension. Nephron 1992;61:214-216.
29. Radack KL, Deck CC, Bloomfield SS. Ibuprofen interferes with the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ibuprofen compared with acetaminophen. Ann Intern Med 1987;107:628-635.
30. Houston MC. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antihypertensives. Am J Med 1991;90:42S-47S.
31. Pope JE, Anderson JJ, Felson DT. A meta-analysis of the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:477-484.
32. Johnson AG, Nguyen TV, Day RO. Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect blood pressure? A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121:289-300.
33. MacFarlane LL, Orak DJ, Simpson WM. NSAIDs, antihypertensive agents and loss of blood pressure control. Am Fam Physician 1995;51: 849-856.
34. Wong DG, Spence JD, Lamki L, et al. Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on control of hypertension by beta-blockers and diuretics. Lancet 1986;1:997-1001.
35. White WB, Faich G, Whelton A, et al. Comparison of thromboembolic events in patients treated with celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor, versus ibuprofen or diclofenac. Am J Cardiol 2002;89:425-430.
36. Sowers JR, White WB, Pitt B, et al. The effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy on 24-hour blood pressure in patients with hypertension, osteoarthritis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:161-168.
37. Bravo EL. Phenylpropanolamine and other over-the-counter vasoactive compounds. Hypertension 1988;11(3 Pt 2):II-7-II-10.
38. Pentel P. Toxicity of over-the-counter stimulants. JAMA 1984;252: 1898-1903.
39. Chua SS, Benrimoj SI, Gordon RD, et al. A controlled clinical trial on the cardiovascular effects of single doses of pseudoephedrine in hypertensive patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1989;28:369-372.
40. American Medical Association Department of Drugs: AMA Drug Evaluations Subscriptions. Chicago, IL, American Medical Association, 1994.
41. Product Information: Propine(R), dipivefrin. Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA, 1995.
42. Diamond JP. Systemic adverse effects of topical ophthalmic agents: implications for older patients. Drugs Aging 1997;11:352-360.
43. Jones J, Greenberg L, Groudine S, et al. Clinical advisory: phenylephrine advisory panel report. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1998;45:97-99.
44. Grossman E, Messereli F. Management of drug induced and iatrogenic hypertension. In Izzo MD Jr, Black HR (eds). Hypertension Primer. 3rd edition. Dallas, TX, American Heart Association, 2003, pp 516-519.
45. World Hypertension League: Nonpharmacological interventions as an adjunct to the pharmacological treatment of hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1993;7:159-164.
46. Grassi GM, Somers VK, Renk WK. Effects of alcohol intake on blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity in normotensive humans: a preliminary report. J Hypertens Suppl 1989;7:S20-S21.
47. Arkwright PD, Beilin LJ, Vandongen R, et al. Plasma calcium and cortisol as predisposing factors to alcohol related blood pressure elevation. J Hypertens 1984;2:387-392.
48. + metabolism in humans: Its relationship with changes in blood pressure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1992;16:714-720.
49. Xin X, He J, Frontini MG, et al. Effects of alcohol reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension 2001;38:1112-1117.
50. Brecklin C, Gopaniuk A, Kravet T. Chronic cocaine abuse causes acute but not chronic hypertension (Abstract). J Am Soc Nephrol 1996;7: 1547.
51. Das G. Cardiovascular effects of cocaine abuse. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1993;31:521-528.
52. Gawin FH, Ellinwood EH Jr. Cocaine and other stimulants: actions, abuse, and treatment. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1173-1182.
53. Gay GR, Loper KA. The use of labetalol in the management of cocaine crisis. Ann Emerg Med 1988;17:282-283.
54. Chiang W, Goldfrank L. The medical complications of drug abuse. Med J Aust 1990;152:83-88.
55. Ballard JE, Boileau RA, Sleator EK, et al. Cardiovascular responses of hyperactive children to methylphenidate. JAMA 1976;236:2870-2874.
56. Liu LX, Rustgi AK. Cardiac myonecrosis in hypertensive crisis associated with monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy. Am J Med 1987;82: 1060-1064.
57. Fallon B, Foote B, Walsh BT, et al. 'Spontaneous' hypertensive episodes with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. J Clin Psychiatry 1988;49: 163-165.
58. Abrams JH, Schulman P, White WB. Successful treatment of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor-tyramine hypertensive emergency with intravenous labetalol. N Engl J Med 1985;313:52.
59. Guzzardi L. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In: Haddad LM, Winchester JF, eds: The Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. Philadelphia, PA, WB Saunders, 1983, pp 496-502.
60. Louie AK, Louie EK, Lannon RA. Systemic hypertension associated with tricyclic antidepressant treatment in patients with panic disorder. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:1306-1309.
61. Kaufmann JS. Pheochromocytoma and tricyclic antidepressants (letter). JAMA 1974;229:1282.
62. Thase ME. Effects of venlafaxine on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of original data from 3744 depressed patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59: 502-508.
63. Amsterdam JD, Garcia-Espana F, Fawcett J, et al. Blood pressure changes during short-term fluoxetine treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;19:9-14.
64. Laragh JH. Renin-guided therapy. Clinical Hypertension Review Course Syllabus. New York, American Society of Hypertension, 2005, pp 353-355.
65. Micromedix Healthcare Series: POISINDEX Summary: Clonidine. Thompson Healthcare, Inc, 2006.
66. Westervelt FB Jr, Atuk NO. Methyldopa-induced hypertension (letter). JAMA 1974;227:557.
67. Oren S, Grossman E, Messerli FH, et al. High blood pressure: side effects of drugs, poisons, and food. Cardiol Clin 1988;6:467-474.
68. Lowenstein J. Drugs five years later: clonidine. Ann Intern Med 1980; 92:74-77.
69. Lewis MJ, Ross PJ, Henderson AH. Rebound effect after stopping beta-blockers. Br Med J 1979;2:606.
70. Ryan JR, LaCorte W, Jain A, et al. Hypertension in hypoglycemic diabetics treated with beta-adrenergic antagonists. Hypertension 1985; 7(3 Pt 1):443-446.
71. Krukemyer JJ, Boudoulas H, Binkley PF, et al. Comparison of hypersensitivity to adrenergic stimulation after abrupt withdrawal of propranolol and nadolol: influence of half-life differences. Am Heart J 1990;120:572-579.
72. Lilja M, Jounela AJ, Juustila HJ, et al. Abrupt and gradual change from clonidine to beta blockers in hypertension. Acta Med Scand 1982;211: 375-380.
73. Reich DL, Silvay G. Ketamine: an update on the first twenty-five years of clinical experience. Can J Anaesth 1989;36:186-197.
74. Lowenstein E. Sympathetic nervous system activation and hyperdynamic circulation associated with desflurane: not all isomers are created equal. Anesthesiology 1993;79:419-421.
75. Amaranath L, Zanettin GG, Bravo EL, et al. Atracurium and pheochromocytoma: a report of three cases. Anesth Analg 1988;67:1127-1130.
76. Barancik M. Inadvertent diagnosis of pheochromocytoma after endoscopic premedication. Dig Dis Sci 1989;34:136-138.
77. American Medical Association Department of Drugs: AMA Drug Evaluations Subscriptions. Chicago, IL, American Medical Association, 1991.
78. American Medical Association: Drug Evaluations Subscriptions. Chicago, IL, AMA Department of Drugs, 1990.
79. Joyce DA, Gubbay SS. Arterial complications of migraine treatment with methysergide and parenteral ergotamine. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982;285:260-261.
80. Taylor GJ, Cohen B. Ergonovine-induced coronary artery spasm and myocardial infarction after normal delivery. Obstet Gynecol 1985;66: 821-822.
81. Watson DL, Bhatia RK, Norman GS, et al. Bromocriptine mesylate for lactation suppression: a risk for postpartum hypertension? Obstet Gynecol 1989;74:573-576.
82. Bakht FR, Kirshon B, Baker T, et al. Postpartum cardiovascular complications after bromocriptine and cocaine use. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;162:1065-1066.
83. McMahon FG, Weinstein SP, Rowe E, et al. Sibutramine is safe and effective for weight loss in obese patients whose hypertension is well controlled with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. J Hum Hypertens 2002;16:5-11.
84. Sramek JJ, Leibowitz MT, Weinstein SP, et al. Efficacy and safety of sibutramine for weight loss in obese patients with hypertension well controlled by beta-adrenergic blocking agents: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised trial. J Hum Hypertens 2002;16:13-19.
85. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philipson JD. Herbal medicines: A guide for health care professionals. London, England, Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
86. Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1833-1838.
87. McBride BF, Karapanos AK, Krudysz A, et al. Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic effects of a multicomponent dietary supplement containing ephedra and caffeine: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291:216-221.
88. American Medical Association. AMA Division of Drugs and Toxicology: Drug Evaluations Annual 1995. Chicago, IL, American Medical Association, 1995.
89. Product Information: Vesanoid(R), tretinoin. Nutley, NJ, Roche Laboratories, 2004.
90. Product Information: Ferrlecit(R), sodium ferric gluconate complex in sucrose injection. Corona, CA, Whatson Pharma, Inc, 2004.
91. Roche H, Hyman G, Nahas G. Hypertension and intravenous antidopaminergic drugs. N Engl J Med 1985;312:1125-1126.
92. Sheridan C, Chandra P, Jacinto M, et al. Transient hypertension after high doses of metoclopramide. N Engl J Med 1982;307:1346.
93. Freestone S, Duffield J, Lee MR. Pressor effect of metoclopramide in phaeochromocytoma. Postgrad Med J 1996;72:188-189.
94. Volicer L, Nelson KL. Development of reversible hypertension during disulfiram therapy. Arch Intern Med 1984;144:1294-1296.
95. Cain JW. Hypertension associated with oral administration of physostigmine in a patient with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1986;143:910-912.
96. Janowsky DS, Risch SC, Kennedy B, et al. Acute effects of physostigmine and neostigmine in man. Mil Med 1986;151:48-51.
97. Barjon P, Fourcade J, Mimran A, et al. Paroxysmal hypertension during L-dopa treatment in parkinsonism: a metabolic error or a pharmacological effect? Rev Eur Etud Clin Biol 1972;17:187-192.
98. Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G, Garty M et al. Pharmacologic and tracer methods to study sympathetic function in primary hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens A 1989;11(Suppl 1):173-189.
99. Scott DL, Smolen JS, Kalden JR, et al. Treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis with leflunomide: two year follow up of a double blind, placebo controlled trial versus sulfasalazine. Ann Rheum Dis 2001;60: 913-923.
100. Prod Info Saizen(R), 2004; Prod Info Humatrope(R), 2003; Prod Info Norditropin(R) cartridges, 2004; prod info Serostim(R), 2003.
101. Akpunonu BE, Mulrow PJ, Hoffman EA. Secondary hypertension: evaluation and treatment: thyrotoxicosis and hypertension. Dis Mon 1996;42:689-703.
102. Zaloga GP, Chernow B, Zajtchuk R, et al. Diagnostic dosages of protirelin (TRH) elevate BP by noncatecholamine mechanisms. Arch Intern Med 1984;144:1149-1152.
103. Martin D, Glass TA, Bandeen-Roche K, et al. Association of blood lead and tibia lead with blood pressure and hypertension in a community sample of older adults. Am J Epidemiol 2006;163:467-478.
104. Wainwright AP, Kox WJ, House IM, et al. Clinical features and therapy of acute thallium poisoning. Q J Med 1988;69:939-944.
105. IRPTC: United Nations Environment Programme, International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals. Series "Scientific Reviews of Soviet Literature on Toxicity and Hazards of Chemicals," No. 69: Cadmium, Centre of International Projects, GKNT. Moscow, Russia, 1984.
106. Chen CJ, Hsueh YM, Lai MS, et al. Increased prevalence of hypertension and long-term arsenic exposure. Hypertension 1995;25:53-60.
107. Sofer S, Shalev H, Weizman Z, et al. Acute pancreatitis in children following envenomation by the yellow scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus. Toxicon 1991;29:125-128.
108. Saadeh AM, Farsakh NA, al-Ali MK. Cardiac manifestations of acute carbamate and organophosphate poisoning. Heart 1997;77: 461-464.