Outcome and Quality of Care of Patients who have Acute Myocardial Infarction

Medical Clinics of North America

Volumn 91, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 751-768

  Jaber, Wissam A ^a   Holmes Jr , David R ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FIBRINOGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; AGE DISTRIBUTION; CLINICAL PRACTICE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION;

GUIDELINE ADHERENCE; HUMANS; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PRACTICE GUIDELINES; QUALITY ASSURANCE, HEALTH CARE;

EID: 34447338621     PISSN: 00257125     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2007.03.001     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. Lloyd-Jones D.M., Larson M.G., Beiser A., et al. Lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease. Lancet 353 (1999) 89-92
2. Braunwald E., Antman E.M., Beasley J.W., et al. ACC/AHA guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction-2002: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina). Circulation 106 (2002) 1893-1900
3. Antman E.M., Anbe D.T., Armstrong P.W., et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction-executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation 110 (2004) 588-636
4. Spertus J.A., Eagle K.A., Krumholz H.M., et al. American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association methodology for the selection and creation of performance measures for quantifying the quality of cardiovascular care. Circulation 111 (2005) 1703-1712
5. Epstein A.M., Lee T.H., and Hamel M.B. Paying physicians for high-quality care. N Engl J Med 350 (2004) 406-410
6. Capewell S., Beaglehole R., Seddon M., et al. Explanation for the decline in coronary heart disease mortality rates in Auckland, New Zealand, between 1982 and 1993. Circulation 102 (2000) 1511-1516
7. Capewell S., Morrison C.E., and McMurray J.J. Contribution of modern cardiovascular treatment and risk factor changes to the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Scotland between 1975 and 1994. Heart 81 (1999) 380-386
8. McGovern P.G., Jacobs Jr. D.R., Shahar E., et al. Trends in acute coronary heart disease mortality, morbidity, and medical care from 1985 through 1997: the Minnesota Heart Survey. Circulation 104 (2001) 19-24
9. McGovern P.G., Pankow J.S., Shahar E., et al. Recent trends in acute coronary heart disease-mortality, morbidity, medical care, and risk factors. The Minnesota Heart Survey investigators. N Engl J Med 334 (1996) 884-890
10. Rosamond W.D., Chambless L.E., Folsom A.R., et al. Trends in the incidence of myocardial infarction and in mortality due to coronary heart disease, 1987 to 1994. N Engl J Med 339 (1998) 861-867
11. Guidry U.C., Evans J.C., Larson M.G., et al. Temporal trends in event rates after Q-wave myocardial infarction: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 100 (1999) 2054-2059
12. Rogers W.J., Canto J.G., Lambrew C.T., et al. Temporal trends in the treatment of over 1.5 million patients with myocardial infarction in the US from 1990 through 1999: the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 1, 2 and 3. J Am Coll Cardiol 36 (2000) 2056-2063
13. Thom T., Kannel W.B., Silbershatz S., et al. Incidence, prevalence, and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in the United States. In: Alexander R., Schlant R.C., Fuster V., et al. (Eds). Hurst's the heart. 9th edition (1998), McGraw Hill, New York 3
14. Granger C.B., Goldberg R.J., Dabbous O., et al. Predictors of hospital mortality in the global registry of acute coronary events. Arch Intern Med 163 (2003) 2345-2353
15. Becker R.C., Burns M., Gore J.M., et al. Early assessment and in-hospital management of patients with acute myocardial infarction at increased risk for adverse outcomes: a nationwide perspective of current clinical practice. The National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI-2) participants. Am Heart J 135 (1998) 786-796
16. Califf R.M., Pieper K.S., Lee K.L., et al. Prediction of 1-year survival after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction in the global utilization of streptokinase and TPA for occluded coronary arteries trial. Circulation 101 (2000) 2231-2238
17. Morrow D.A., Antman E.M., Charlesworth A., et al. TIMI risk score for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a convenient, bedside, clinical score for risk assessment at presentation: an Intravenous nPA for Treatment of Iinfarcting Myocardium Early II trial substudy. Circulation 102 (2000) 2031-2037
18. Eagle K.A., Lim M.J., Dabbous O.H., et al. A validated prediction model for all forms of acute coronary syndrome: estimating the risk of 6-month postdischarge death in an international registry. JAMA 291 (2004) 2727-2733
19. Antman E.M., Cohen M., Bernink P.J., et al. The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI: a method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making. JAMA 284 (2000) 835-842
20. Boersma E., Pieper K.S., Steyerberg E.W., et al. Predictors of outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation. Results from an international trial of 9461 patients. The PURSUIT Investigators. Circulation 101 (2000) 2557-2567
21. F Ragmin, Fast Revascularisation during instability in coronary artery disease investigators. Invasive compared with non-invasive treatment in unstable coronary-artery disease: FRISC II prospective randomised multicentre study. Lancet 354 (1999) 708-715
22. Cannon C.P., Weintraub W.S., Demopoulos L.A., et al. Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban. N Engl J Med 344 (2001) 1879-1887
23. Stone G.W., Grines C.L., Cox D.A., et al. Comparison of angioplasty with stenting, with or without abciximab, in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 346 (2002) 957-966
24. Cannon C.P., Gibson C.M., Lambrew C.T., et al. Relationship of symptom-onset-to-balloon time and door-to-balloon time with mortality in patients undergoing angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 283 (2000) 2941-2947
25. Steg P.G., Goldberg R.J., Gore J.M., et al. Baseline characteristics, management practices, and in-hospital outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Am J Cardiol 90 (2002) 358-363
26. Hasdai D., Behar S., Wallentin L., et al. A prospective survey of the characteristics, treatments and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes in Europe and the Mediterranean basin; the Euro Heart Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes (Euro Heart Survey ACS). Eur Heart J 23 (2002) 1190-1201
27. Savonitto S., Ardissino D., Granger C.B., et al. Prognostic value of the admission electrocardiogram in acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 281 (1999) 707-713
28. Bahit M.C., Cannon C.P., Antman E.M., et al. Direct comparison of characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of patients enrolled versus patients not enrolled in a clinical trial at centers participating in the TIMI 9 Trial and TIMI 9 Registry. Am Heart J 145 (2003) 109-117
29. Roe M.T., Ohman E.M., Pollack Jr. C.V., et al. Changing the model of care for patients with acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J 146 (2003) 605-612
30. Kandzari D.E., Roe M.T., Chen A.Y., et al. Influence of clinical trial enrollment on the quality of care and outcomes for patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J 149 (2005) 474-481
31. Armstrong P.W., Fu Y., Chang W.C., et al. Acute coronary syndromes in the GUSTO-IIb trial: prognostic insights and impact of recurrent ischemia. The GUSTO-IIb Investigators. Circulation 98 (1998) 1860-1868
32. Furman M.I., Dauerman H.L., Goldberg R.J., et al. Twenty-two year (1975 to 1997) trends in the incidence, in-hospital and long-term case fatality rates from initial Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: a multi-hospital, community-wide perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol 37 (2001) 1571-1580
33. Behar S., Haim M., Hod H., et al. Long-term prognosis of patients after a Q wave compared with a non-Q wave first acute myocardial infarction. Data from the SPRINT Registry. Eur Heart J 17 (1996) 1532-1537
34. Haim M., Behar S., Boyko V., et al. The prognosis of a first Q-wave versus non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in the reperfusion era. Am J Med 108 (2000) 381-386
35. Smith Jr. S.C., Feldman T.E., Hirshfeld Jr. J.W., et al. ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 guideline update for percutaneous coronary intervention-summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/SCAI Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention). J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (2006) 216-235
36. Bassand J.-P., Priori S., and Tendera M. Evidence-based vs. 'impressionist' medicine: how best to implement guidelines. Eur Heart J 26 (2005) 1155-1158
37. Hemingway H., Crook A.M., Feder G., et al. Underuse of coronary revascularization procedures in patients considered appropriate candidates for revascularization. N Engl J Med 344 (2001) 645-654
38. Califf R.M., DeLong E.R., Ostbye T., et al. Underuse of aspirin in a referral population with documented coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 89 (2002) 653-661
39. Bhatt D.L., Roe M.T., Peterson E.D., et al. Utilization of early invasive management strategies for high-risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: results from the CRUSADE quality improvement initiative. JAMA 292 (2004) 2096-2104
40. Mehta R.H., Ruane T.J., McCargar P.A., et al. The treatment of elderly diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction: insight from Michigan's cooperative cardiovascular project. Arch Intern Med 160 (2000) 1301-1306
41. Jencks S.F., Cuerdon T., Burwen D.R., et al. Quality of medical care delivered to Medicare beneficiaries: a profile at state and national levels. JAMA 284 (2000) 1670-1676
42. Schiele F., Meneveau N., Seronde M.F., et al. Compliance with guidelines and 1-year mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a prospective study. Eur Heart J 26 (2005) 873-880
43. Gurwitz J.H., Goldberg R.J., Chen Z., et al. Beta-blocker therapy in acute myocardial infarction: evidence for underutilization in the elderly. Am J Med 93 (1992) 605-610
44. McLaughlin T.J., Soumerai S.B., Willison D.J., et al. Adherence to national guidelines for drug treatment of suspected acute myocardial infarction: evidence for undertreatment in women and the elderly. Arch Intern Med 156 (1996) 799-805
45. Fonarow G.C., French W.J., Parsons L.S., et al. Use of lipid-lowering medications at discharge in patients with acute myocardial infarction: data from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 3. Circulation 103 (2001) 38-44
46. Ellerbeck E.F., Jencks S.F., Radford M.J., et al. Quality of care for Medicare patients with acute myocardial infarction. A four-state pilot study from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project. JAMA 273 (1995) 1509-1514
47. Peterson E.D., Roe M.T., Mulgund J., et al. Association between hospital process performance and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 295 (2006) 1912-1920
48. Stenestrand U., Lindback J., and Wallentin L. Hospital therapy traditions influence long-term survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 149 (2005) 82-90
49. McNamara R.L., Wang Y., Herrin J., et al. Effect of door-to-balloon time on mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (2006) 2180-2186
50. Gersh B.J., Stone G.W., White H.D., et al. Pharmacological facilitation of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: is the slope of the curve the shape of the future?. JAMA 293 (2005) 979-986
51. McNamara R.L., Herrin J., Bradley E.H., et al. Hospital improvement in time to reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction, 1999 to 2002. J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (2006) 45-51
52. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Available at: www.hospitalcompare.hhs.gov, Accessed July 13, 2006.
53. Ohman E.M., Roe M.T., Smith Jr. S.C., et al. Care of non-ST-segment elevation patients: insights from the CRUSADE national quality improvement initiative. Am Heart J 148 (2004) S34-S39
54. Roe M.T., Peterson E.D., Newby L.K., et al. The influence of risk status on guideline adherence for patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J 151 (2006) 1205-1213
55. Brogan Jr. G.X., Peterson E.D., Mulgund J., et al. Treatment disparities in the care of patients with and without diabetes presenting with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Diabetes Care 29 (2006) 9-14
56. Alexander K.P., Roe M.T., Chen A.Y., et al. Evolution in cardiovascular care for elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: results from the CRUSADE National Quality Improvement Initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol 46 (2005) 1479-1487
57. Tran C.T., Laupacis A., Mamdani M.M., et al. Effect of age on the use of evidence-based therapies for acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 148 (2004) 834-841
58. Petersen L.A., Normand S.L., Leape L.L., et al. Regionalization and the underuse of angiography in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System as compared with a fee-for-service system. N Engl J Med 348 (2003) 2209-2217
59. Schulman K.A., Berlin J.A., Harless W., et al. The effect of race and sex on physicians' recommendations for cardiac catheterization. N Engl J Med 340 (1999) 618-626
60. Anand S.S., Xie C.C., Mehta S., et al. Differences in the management and prognosis of women and men who suffer from acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 46 (2005) 1845-1851
61. Sonel A.F., Good C.B., Mulgund J., et al. Racial variations in treatment and outcomes of black and white patients with high-risk non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: insights from CRUSADE (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines?) 10.1161/01.CIR.0000157732.03358.64. Circulation 111 (2005) 1225-1232
62. Jani S.M., Montoye C., Mehta R., et al. Sex differences in the application of evidence-based therapies for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: the American College of Cardiology's guidelines applied in practice projects in Michigan. Arch Intern Med 166 (2006) 1164-1170
63. Blomkalns A.L., Chen A.Y., Hochman J.S., et al. Gender disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: large-scale observations from the CRUSADE (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines) national quality improvement initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol 45 (2005) 832-837
64. Vikman S., Niemela K., Ilva T., et al. Underuse of evidence-based treatment modalities in diabetic patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. A prospective nation wide study on acute coronary syndrome (FINACS). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 61 (2003) 39-48
65. Roe M.T., Peterson E.D., Li Y., et al. Relationship between risk stratification by cardiac troponin level and adherence to guidelines for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Arch Intern Med 165 (2005) 1870-1876
66. Roe M.T., Parsons L.S., Pollack Jr. C.V., et al. Quality of care by classification of myocardial infarction: treatment patterns for ST-segment elevation vs non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 165 (2005) 1630-1636
67. Allison J.J., Kiefe C.I., Weissman N.W., et al. Relationship of hospital teaching status with quality of care and mortality for Medicare patients with acute MI. JAMA 284 (2000) 1256-1262
68. Jha A.K., Li Z., Orav E.J., et al. Care in U.S. hospitals-the hospital quality alliance program. N Engl J Med 353 (2005) 265-274
69. U.S. News & World Report. Available at: www.usnews.com/usnews/health/best-hospitals/tophosp.htm, Accessed July 13, 2006.
70. Chen J., Radford M.J., Wang Y., et al. Do "America's best hospitals" perform better for acute myocardial infarction? 10.1056/NEJM199901283400407. N Engl J Med 340 (1999) 286-292
71. Chen J., Radford M.J., Wang Y., et al. Care and outcomes of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction by physician specialty: the effects of comorbidity and functional limitations. Am J Med 108 (2000) 460-469
72. Gottwik M., Zahn R., Schiele R., et al. Differences in treatment and outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to hospitals with compared to without departments of cardiology; results from the pooled data of the Maximal Individual Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction (MITRA 1+2) Registries and the Myocardial Infarction Registry (MIR). Eur Heart J 22 (2001) 1794-1801
73. Jollis J.G., DeLong E.R., Peterson E.D., et al. Outcome of acute myocardial infarction according to the specialty of the admitting physician. N Engl J Med 335 (1996) 1880-1887
74. Spertus J.A., Radford M.J., Every N.R., et al. Challenges and opportunities in quantifying the quality of care for acute myocardial infarction: summary from the acute myocardial infarction working group of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology First Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke. J Am Coll Cardiol 41 (2003) 1653-1663
75. Cabana M.D., Rand C.S., Powe N.R., et al. Why don't physicians follow clinical practice guidelines?: a framework for improvement. JAMA 282 (1999) 1458-1465
76. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/?id=19174, Accessed July 13, 2006.
77. Donabedian A. The quality of care. How can it be assessed?. JAMA 260 (1988) 1743-1748
78. Nolan T.W. Understanding medical systems. Ann Intern Med 128 (1998) 293-298
79. Stenestrand U., and Wallentin L. Early revascularisation and 1-year survival in 14-day survivors of acute myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 359 (2002) 1805-1811
80. Kalla K., Christ G., Karnik R., et al. Implementation of guidelines improves the standard of care: the Viennese registry on reperfusion strategies in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (Vienna STEMI registry). Circulation 113 (2006) 2398-2405
81. Eagle K.A., Montoye C.K., Riba A.L., et al. Guideline-based standardized care is associated with substantially lower mortality in Medicare patients with acute myocardial infarction: the American College of Cardiology's Guidelines Applied in Practice (GAP) projects in Michigan. J Am Coll Cardiol 46 (2005) 1242-1248
82. Jaber W.A., Lennon R.J., Mathew V., et al. Application of evidence-based medical therapy is associated with improved outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention and is a valid quality indicator. J Am Coll Cardiol 46 (2005) 1473-1478
83. Kernis S.J., Harjai K.J., Stone G.W., et al. Does beta-blocker therapy improve clinical outcomes of acute myocardial infarction after successful primary angioplasty?. J Am Coll Cardiol 43 (2004) 1773-1779
84. Newby L.K., Rutsch W.R., Califf R.M., et al. Time from symptom onset to treatment and outcomes after thrombolytic therapy. GUSTO-1 Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 27 (1996) 1646-1655
85. De Luca G., Suryapranata H., Zijlstra F., et al. Symptom-onset-to-balloon time and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 42 (2003) 991-997
86. Krumholz H.M., Anderson J.L., Brooks N.H., et al. ACC/AHA clinical performance measures for adults with ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures (Writing Committee to Develop Performance Measures on ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (2006) 236-265
87. Committee on Redesigning Health Insurance Performance Measures, and Payment Performance Improvement Programs. Performance measurement: accelerating improvement (2006), National Academies Press, Washington, DC
88. Williams S.C., Schmaltz S.P., Morton D.J., et al. Quality of care in U.S. hospitals as reflected by standardized measures, 2002-2004. N Engl J Med 353 (2005) 255-264
89. Galvin R., and Milstein A. Large employers' new strategies in health care. N Engl J Med 347 (2002) 939-942
90. Eagle K.A., Gallogly M., Mehta R.H., et al. Taking the national guideline for care of acute myocardial infarction to the bedside: developing the Guidelines Applied in Practice (GAP) initiative in Southeast Michigan. Jt Comm J Qual Improv 28 (2002) 5-19
91. Mehta R.H., Montoye C.K., Gallogly M., et al. Improving quality of care for acute myocardial infarction: the Guidelines Applied in Practice (GAP) initiative. JAMA 287 (2002) 1269-1276
92. Mehta R.H., Montoye C.K., Faul J., et al. Enhancing quality of care for acute myocardial infarction: shifting the focus of improvement from key indicators to process of care and tool use: the American College of Cardiology Acute Myocardial Infarction Guidelines Applied in Practice Project in Michigan: Flint and Saginaw expansion. J Am Coll Cardiol 43 (2004) 2166-2173
93. LaBresh K.A., Ellrodt A.G., Gliklich R., et al. Get with the guidelines for cardiovascular secondary prevention: pilot results. Arch Intern Med 164 (2004) 203-209
94. Marciniak T.A., Ellerbeck E.F., Radford M.J., et al. Improving the quality of care for Medicare patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the cooperative cardiovascular project. JAMA 279 (1998) 1351-1357
95. Burwen D.R., Galusha D.H., Lewis J.M., et al. National and state trends in quality of care for acute myocardial infarction between 1994-1995 and 1998-1999: the Medicare health care quality improvement program. Arch Intern Med 163 (2003) 1430-1439
96. Zhang H., Alexander J.A., Luttrell J., et al. Data feedback and clinical process improvement in acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 149 (2005) 856-861
97. Fonarow G.C., Gawlinski A., Moughrabi S., et al. Improved treatment of coronary heart disease by implementation of a Cardiac Hospitalization Atherosclerosis Management Program (CHAMP). Am J Cardiol 87 (2001) 819-822
98. Hoekstra J.W., Pollack Jr. C.V., Roe M.T., et al. Improving the care of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes in the emergency department: the CRUSADE Initiative 10.1197/aemj.9.11.1146. Acad Emerg Med 9 (2002) 1146-1155
99. Soumerai S.B., McLaughlin T.J., Gurwitz J.H., et al. Effect of local medical opinion leaders on quality of care for acute myocardial infarction: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 279 (1998) 1358-1363
100. Davis D.A., Thomson M.A., Oxman A.D., et al. Changing physician performance. A systematic review of the effect of continuing medical education strategies. JAMA 274 (1995) 700-705
101. Grol R. Improving the quality of medical care: building bridges among professional pride, payer profit, and patient satisfaction. JAMA 286 (2001) 2578-2585
102. Roe M.T. Success stories: how hospitals are improving care. Am Heart J 148 (2004) S52-S55
103. Bradley E.H., Holmboe E.S., Mattera J.A., et al. A qualitative study of increasing beta-blocker use after myocardial infarction: why do some hospitals succeed?. JAMA 285 (2001) 2604-2611
104. Bradley E.H., Curry L.A., Webster T.R., et al. Achieving rapid door-to-balloon times: how top hospitals improve complex clinical systems. Circulation 113 (2006) 1079-1085
105. Kudenchuk P.J., Maynard C., Cobb L.A., et al. Utility of the prehospital electrocardiogram in diagnosing acute coronary syndromes: the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention (MITI) Project. J Am Coll Cardiol 32 (1998) 17-27
106. Farkouh M.E., Smars P.A., Reeder G.S., et al. A clinical trial of a chest-pain observation unit for patients with unstable angina. Chest Pain Evaluation in the Emergency Room (CHEER) investigators. N Engl J Med 339 (1998) 1882-1888
107. Gomez M.A., Anderson J.L., Karagounis L.A., et al. An emergency department-based protocol for rapidly ruling out myocardial ischemia reduces hospital time and expense: results of a randomized study (ROMIO). J Am Coll Cardiol 28 (1996) 25-33