메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 15, 2007, Pages 1612-1620

Strength of the cervical spine in compression and bending

Author keywords

Bending; Cervical spine; Compression; In vitro; Strength

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; BONE STRENGTH; CADAVER; CERVICAL SPINE; COMPRESSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; LUMBAR SPINE; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STUDENT T TEST; VERTEBRA BODY;

EID: 34447331687     PISSN: 03622436     EISSN: 15281159     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318074c40b     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (63)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0035098542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and occupational associations of neck pain in the British population
    • Palmer KT, Walker-Bone K, Griffin MJ, et al. Prevalence and occupational associations of neck pain in the British population. Scand J Work Environ Health 2001;27:49-56.
    • (2001) Scand J Work Environ Health , vol.27 , pp. 49-56
    • Palmer, K.T.1    Walker-Bone, K.2    Griffin, M.J.3
  • 2
    • 0038617268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and predictors of intense, chronic, and disabling neck and back pain in the UK general population
    • Webb R, Brammah T, Lunt M, et al. Prevalence and predictors of intense, chronic, and disabling neck and back pain in the UK general population. Spine 2003;28:1195-202.
    • (2003) Spine , vol.28 , pp. 1195-1202
    • Webb, R.1    Brammah, T.2    Lunt, M.3
  • 3
    • 0036711813 scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine lesions after road traffic accidents: A systematic review
    • discussion
    • Uhrenholt L, Grunnet-Nilsson N, Hartvigsen J. Cervical spine lesions after road traffic accidents: a systematic review. Spine 2002;27:1934-41; discussion 1940.
    • (1940) Spine 2002 , vol.27 , pp. 1934-1941
    • Uhrenholt, L.1    Grunnet-Nilsson, N.2    Hartvigsen, J.3
  • 4
    • 0035016773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanics of the cervical spine: Part 3. Minor injuries
    • Bogduk N, Yoganandan N. Biomechanics of the cervical spine: Part 3. Minor injuries. Clin Biomech 2001;16:267-75.
    • (2001) Clin Biomech , vol.16 , pp. 267-275
    • Bogduk, N.1    Yoganandan, N.2
  • 5
    • 0035026003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study on work related and individual risk factors affecting radiating neck pain
    • Viikari-Juntura E, Martikainen R, Luukkonen R, et al. Longitudinal study on work related and individual risk factors affecting radiating neck pain. Occup Environ Med 2001;58:345-52.
    • (2001) Occup Environ Med , vol.58 , pp. 345-352
    • Viikari-Juntura, E.1    Martikainen, R.2    Luukkonen, R.3
  • 6
    • 0035448591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ariens GA, Bongers PM, Hoogendoorn WE, et al. High quantitative job demands and low coworker support as risk factors for neck pain: results of a prospective cohort study. Spine 2001;26:1896-901; discussion 1902-3.
    • Ariens GA, Bongers PM, Hoogendoorn WE, et al. High quantitative job demands and low coworker support as risk factors for neck pain: results of a prospective cohort study. Spine 2001;26:1896-901; discussion 1902-3.
  • 7
    • 0036373703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI changes of cervical spine in asymptomatic and symptomatic young adults
    • Siivola SM, Levoska S, Tervonen O, et al. MRI changes of cervical spine in asymptomatic and symptomatic young adults. Eur Spine J 2002;11:358-63.
    • (2002) Eur Spine J , vol.11 , pp. 358-363
    • Siivola, S.M.1    Levoska, S.2    Tervonen, O.3
  • 8
    • 3042807873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with chronic neck pain demonstrate altered patterns of muscle activation during performance of a functional upper limb task
    • Falla D, Bilenkij G, Jull G. Patients with chronic neck pain demonstrate altered patterns of muscle activation during performance of a functional upper limb task. Spine 2004;29:1436-40.
    • (2004) Spine , vol.29 , pp. 1436-1440
    • Falla, D.1    Bilenkij, G.2    Jull, G.3
  • 9
    • 0033951313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central cord injury complicating acute cervical disc herniation in trauma
    • discussion 336
    • Dai L, Jia L. Central cord injury complicating acute cervical disc herniation in trauma. Spine 2000;25:331-5; discussion 336.
    • (2000) Spine , vol.25 , pp. 331-335
    • Dai, L.1    Jia, L.2
  • 10
    • 0035910927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic cervical zygapophyseal joint blocks for chronic cervical pain
    • Speldewinde GC, Bashford GM, Davidson IR. Diagnostic cervical zygapophyseal joint blocks for chronic cervical pain. Med J Aust 2001;174:174-6.
    • (2001) Med J Aust , vol.174 , pp. 174-176
    • Speldewinde, G.C.1    Bashford, G.M.2    Davidson, I.R.3
  • 11
    • 1842780898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural, psychological, and genetic influences on low back and neck pain: A study of adult female twins
    • MacGregor AJ, Andrew T, Sambrook PN, et al. Structural, psychological, and genetic influences on low back and neck pain: a study of adult female twins. Arthritis Rheum 2004;51:160-7.
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum , vol.51 , pp. 160-167
    • MacGregor, A.J.1    Andrew, T.2    Sambrook, P.N.3
  • 12
    • 14844282041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small effect of genetic factors on neck pain in old age: A study of 2,108 Danish twins 70 years of age and older
    • Hartvigsen J, Pedersen HC, Frederiksen H, et al. Small effect of genetic factors on neck pain in old age: a study of 2,108 Danish twins 70 years of age and older. Spine 2005;30:206-8.
    • (2005) Spine , vol.30 , pp. 206-208
    • Hartvigsen, J.1    Pedersen, H.C.2    Frederiksen, H.3
  • 13
    • 0342803789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of eliminating compensation for pain and suffering on the outcome of insurance claims for whiplash injury
    • Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, Cote P, et al. Effect of eliminating compensation for pain and suffering on the outcome of insurance claims for whiplash injury. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1179-86.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1179-1186
    • Cassidy, J.D.1    Carroll, L.J.2    Cote, P.3
  • 14
    • 0034886646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for neck pain: A longitudinal study in the general population
    • Croft PR, Lewis M, Papageorgiou AC, et al. Risk factors for neck pain: a longitudinal study in the general population. Pain 2001;93:317-25.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.93 , pp. 317-325
    • Croft, P.R.1    Lewis, M.2    Papageorgiou, A.C.3
  • 15
    • 1442360634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Back and neck pain exhibit many common features in old age: A population-based study of 4,486 Danish twins 70-102 years of age
    • Hartvigsen J, Christensen K, Frederiksen H. Back and neck pain exhibit many common features in old age: a population-based study of 4,486 Danish twins 70-102 years of age. Spine 2004;29:576-80.
    • (2004) Spine , vol.29 , pp. 576-580
    • Hartvigsen, J.1    Christensen, K.2    Frederiksen, H.3
  • 16
    • 0004256987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone;
    • Waddell G. The Back Pain Revolution, 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2002.
    • (2002) The Back Pain Revolution
    • Waddell, G.1
  • 17
    • 0028519041 scopus 로고
    • Bending and compressive stresses acting on the lumbar spine during lifting activities
    • Dolan P, Earley M, Adams MA. Bending and compressive stresses acting on the lumbar spine during lifting activities. J Biomech 1994;27:1237-48.
    • (1994) J Biomech , vol.27 , pp. 1237-1248
    • Dolan, P.1    Earley, M.2    Adams, M.A.3
  • 18
    • 0025959478 scopus 로고
    • A technique for quantifying the bending moment acting on the lumbar spine in vivo
    • Adams MA, Dolan P. A technique for quantifying the bending moment acting on the lumbar spine in vivo. J Biomech 1991;24:117-26.
    • (1991) J Biomech , vol.24 , pp. 117-126
    • Adams, M.A.1    Dolan, P.2
  • 19
    • 0031194238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spine loading during trunk lateral bending motions
    • Marras WS, Granata KP. Spine loading during trunk lateral bending motions. J Biomech 1997;30:697-703.
    • (1997) J Biomech , vol.30 , pp. 697-703
    • Marras, W.S.1    Granata, K.P.2
  • 20
  • 21
    • 85048646757 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of the compressive strength of human lumbar vertebrae
    • Brinckmann P, Biggemann M, Hilweg D. Prediction of the compressive strength of human lumbar vertebrae. Clin Biomech 1989;4(suppl 2):S1-S27.
    • (1989) Clin Biomech , vol.4 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Brinckmann, P.1    Biggemann, M.2    Hilweg, D.3
  • 22
    • 0028129796 scopus 로고
    • The strength in anterior bending of lumbar intervertebral discs
    • Adams MA, Green TP, Dolan P. The strength in anterior bending of lumbar intervertebral discs. Spine 1994;19:2197-203.
    • (1994) Spine , vol.19 , pp. 2197-2203
    • Adams, M.A.1    Green, T.P.2    Dolan, P.3
  • 23
    • 0018951051 scopus 로고
    • The resistance to flexion of the lumbar intervertebral joint
    • Adams MA, Hutton WC, Stott JR. The resistance to flexion of the lumbar intervertebral joint. Spine 1980;5:245-53.
    • (1980) Spine , vol.5 , pp. 245-253
    • Adams, M.A.1    Hutton, W.C.2    Stott, J.R.3
  • 24
    • 0002849715 scopus 로고
    • Fracture of the vertebral endplate: A biomechanical investigation
    • Perey O. Fracture of the vertebral endplate: a biomechanical investigation. Acta Orthop Scand 1957;(suppl 25).
    • (1957) Acta Orthop Scand , Issue.SUPPL. 25
    • Perey, O.1
  • 25
    • 0023804366 scopus 로고
    • The lumbar spine in backward bending
    • Adams MA, Dolan P, Hutton WC. The lumbar spine in backward bending. Spine 1988;13:1019-26.
    • (1988) Spine , vol.13 , pp. 1019-1026
    • Adams, M.A.1    Dolan, P.2    Hutton, W.C.3
  • 26
    • 0018141761 scopus 로고
    • The fatigue strength of the lumbar neural arch in spondylolysis
    • Cyron BM, Hutton WC. The fatigue strength of the lumbar neural arch in spondylolysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1978;60:234-8.
    • (1978) J Bone Joint Surg Br , vol.60 , pp. 234-238
    • Cyron, B.M.1    Hutton, W.C.2
  • 27
    • 0027152183 scopus 로고
    • The role of dynamic three-dimensional trunk motion in occupationally-related low back disorders: The effects of workplace factors, trunk position, and trunk motion characteristics on risk of injury
    • Marras WS, Lavender SA, Leurgans SE, et al. The role of dynamic three-dimensional trunk motion in occupationally-related low back disorders: the effects of workplace factors, trunk position, and trunk motion characteristics on risk of injury. Spine 1993;18:617-28.
    • (1993) Spine , vol.18 , pp. 617-628
    • Marras, W.S.1    Lavender, S.A.2    Leurgans, S.E.3
  • 28
    • 0029874289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental impact injury to the cervical spine: Relating motion of the head and the mechanism of injury
    • Nightingale RW, McElhaney JH, Richardson WJ, et al. Experimental impact injury to the cervical spine: relating motion of the head and the mechanism of injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996;78:412-21.
    • (1996) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.78 , pp. 412-421
    • Nightingale, R.W.1    McElhaney, J.H.2    Richardson, W.J.3
  • 29
    • 0026069009 scopus 로고
    • Variations of stiffness and strength along the human cervical spine [see comments]
    • Shea M, Edwards WT, White AA, et al. Variations of stiffness and strength along the human cervical spine [see comments]. J Biomech 1991;24:95-107.
    • (1991) J Biomech , vol.24 , pp. 95-107
    • Shea, M.1    Edwards, W.T.2    White, A.A.3
  • 30
    • 0020508603 scopus 로고
    • Compression injuries of the cervical spine: A biomechanical analysis
    • Maiman DJ, Sances A Jr, Myklebust JB, et al. Compression injuries of the cervical spine: a biomechanical analysis. Neurosurgery 1983;13:254-60.
    • (1983) Neurosurgery , vol.13 , pp. 254-260
    • Maiman, D.J.1    Sances Jr, A.2    Myklebust, J.B.3
  • 32
    • 2542447116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injury mechanisms of the cervical intervertebral disc during simulated whiplash
    • Panjabi MM, Ito S, Pearson AM, et al. Injury mechanisms of the cervical intervertebral disc during simulated whiplash. Spine 2004;29:1217-25.
    • (2004) Spine , vol.29 , pp. 1217-1225
    • Panjabi, M.M.1    Ito, S.2    Pearson, A.M.3
  • 33
    • 2342578771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soft tissue injury threshold during simulated whiplash: A biomechanical investigation
    • Ito S, Ivancic PC, Panjabi MM, et al. Soft tissue injury threshold during simulated whiplash: a biomechanical investigation. Spine 2004;29:979-87.
    • (2004) Spine , vol.29 , pp. 979-987
    • Ito, S.1    Ivancic, P.C.2    Panjabi, M.M.3
  • 34
    • 1442327660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injury of the anterior longitudinal ligament during whiplash simulation
    • Ivancic PC, Pearson AM, Panjabi MM, et al. Injury of the anterior longitudinal ligament during whiplash simulation. Eur Spine J 2004;13:61-8.
    • (2004) Eur Spine J , vol.13 , pp. 61-68
    • Ivancic, P.C.1    Pearson, A.M.2    Panjabi, M.M.3
  • 35
    • 21344439562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofidelic whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication for whiplash simulation
    • Ivancic PC, Panjabi MM, Ito S, et al. Biofidelic whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication for whiplash simulation. Eur Spine J 2005;14:346-55.
    • (2005) Eur Spine J , vol.14 , pp. 346-355
    • Ivancic, P.C.1    Panjabi, M.M.2    Ito, S.3
  • 36
    • 1142274209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facet joint kinematics and injury mechanisms during simulated whiplash
    • Pearson AM, Ivancic PC, Ito S, et al. Facet joint kinematics and injury mechanisms during simulated whiplash. Spine 2004;29:390-7.
    • (2004) Spine , vol.29 , pp. 390-397
    • Pearson, A.M.1    Ivancic, P.C.2    Ito, S.3
  • 37
    • 14844361525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine ligament injury during simulated frontal impact
    • Panjabi MM, Pearson AM, Ito S, et al. Cervical spine ligament injury during simulated frontal impact. Spine 2004;29:2395-403.
    • (2004) Spine , vol.29 , pp. 2395-2403
    • Panjabi, M.M.1    Pearson, A.M.2    Ito, S.3
  • 38
    • 33846273464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexion and extension structural properties and strengths for male cervical spine segments
    • Nightingale RW, Carol Chancey V, Ottaviano D, et al. Flexion and extension structural properties and strengths for male cervical spine segments. J Biomech 2007;40:535-42.
    • (2007) J Biomech , vol.40 , pp. 535-542
    • Nightingale, R.W.1    Carol Chancey, V.2    Ottaviano, D.3
  • 39
    • 33644681574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localized cervical facet joint kinematics under physiological and whiplash loading
    • Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Gennarelli TA, et al. Localized cervical facet joint kinematics under physiological and whiplash loading. J Neurosurg Spine 2005;3:471-6.
    • (2005) J Neurosurg Spine , vol.3 , pp. 471-476
    • Stemper, B.D.1    Yoganandan, N.2    Gennarelli, T.A.3
  • 40
    • 34447302766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanics of the cervical spine
    • Gunzburg R, Szpalski M, eds, Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven;
    • Adams MA. Biomechanics of the cervical spine. In: Gunzburg R, Szpalski M, eds. Whiplash Injuries. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997.
    • (1997) Whiplash Injuries
    • Adams, M.A.1
  • 41
    • 7944219818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic response of lumbar functional spinal units to axial torsion with and without superimposed compression and flexion/extension
    • Haberl H, Cripton PA, Orr TE, et al. Kinematic response of lumbar functional spinal units to axial torsion with and without superimposed compression and flexion/extension. Eur Spine J 2004;13:560-6.
    • (2004) Eur Spine J , vol.13 , pp. 560-566
    • Haberl, H.1    Cripton, P.A.2    Orr, T.E.3
  • 42
    • 0038752691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological axial compressive preloads increase motion segment stiffness, linearity and hysteresis in all six degrees of freedom for small displacements about the neutral posture
    • Gardner-Morse MG, Stokes IA. Physiological axial compressive preloads increase motion segment stiffness, linearity and hysteresis in all six degrees of freedom for small displacements about the neutral posture. J Orthop Res 2003;21:547-52.
    • (2003) J Orthop Res , vol.21 , pp. 547-552
    • Gardner-Morse, M.G.1    Stokes, I.A.2
  • 43
    • 0026128948 scopus 로고
    • Large compressive preloads decrease lumbar motion segment flexibility
    • Janevic J, Ashton-Miller JA, Schultz AB. Large compressive preloads decrease lumbar motion segment flexibility. J Orthop Res 1991;9:228-36.
    • (1991) J Orthop Res , vol.9 , pp. 228-236
    • Janevic, J.1    Ashton-Miller, J.A.2    Schultz, A.B.3
  • 44
    • 0036174048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanically simulated muscle forces strongly stabilize intact and injured upper cervical spine specimens
    • Kettler A, Hartwig E, Schultheiss M, et al. Mechanically simulated muscle forces strongly stabilize intact and injured upper cervical spine specimens. J Biomech 2002;35:339-46.
    • (2002) J Biomech , vol.35 , pp. 339-346
    • Kettler, A.1    Hartwig, E.2    Schultheiss, M.3
  • 45
    • 0036123460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method to simulate in vivo cervical spine kinematics using in vitro compressive preload
    • Miura T, Panjabi MM, Cripton PA. A method to simulate in vivo cervical spine kinematics using in vitro compressive preload. Spine 2002;27:43-8.
    • (2002) Spine , vol.27 , pp. 43-48
    • Miura, T.1    Panjabi, M.M.2    Cripton, P.A.3
  • 46
    • 0036712848 scopus 로고
    • Unilateral cervical facet dislocation: Injury mechanism and biomechanical consequences
    • discussion
    • Crawford NR, Duggal N, Chamberlain RH, et al. Unilateral cervical facet dislocation: injury mechanism and biomechanical consequences. Spine 2002;27:1858-64; discussion 1864.
    • (1864) Spine 2002 , vol.27 , pp. 1858-1864
    • Crawford, N.R.1    Duggal, N.2    Chamberlain, R.H.3
  • 47
    • 0035880847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Startle response of human neck muscles sculpted by readiness to perform ballistic head movements
    • Siegmund GP, Inglis JT, Sanderson DJ. Startle response of human neck muscles sculpted by readiness to perform ballistic head movements. J Physiol 2001;535:289-300.
    • (2001) J Physiol , vol.535 , pp. 289-300
    • Siegmund, G.P.1    Inglis, J.T.2    Sanderson, D.J.3
  • 48
    • 0036120806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal loads in the cervical spine during motor vehicle rear-end impacts: The effect of acceleration and head-to-head restraint proximity
    • Tencer AF, Mirza S, Bensel K. Internal loads in the cervical spine during motor vehicle rear-end impacts: the effect of acceleration and head-to-head restraint proximity. Spine 2002;27:34-42.
    • (2002) Spine , vol.27 , pp. 34-42
    • Tencer, A.F.1    Mirza, S.2    Bensel, K.3
  • 49
    • 0031194095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic loading affects the mechanical properties and failure site of porcine spines
    • Yingling VR, Callaghan JP, McGill SM. Dynamic loading affects the mechanical properties and failure site of porcine spines. Clin Biomech 1997;12:301-5.
    • (1997) Clin Biomech , vol.12 , pp. 301-305
    • Yingling, V.R.1    Callaghan, J.P.2    McGill, S.M.3
  • 50
    • 0347628828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutral zone and range of motion in the spine are greater with stepwise loading than with a continuous loading protocol: An in vitro porcine investigation
    • Goertzen DJ, Lane C, Oxland TR. Neutral zone and range of motion in the spine are greater with stepwise loading than with a continuous loading protocol: an in vitro porcine investigation. J Biomech 2004;37:257-61.
    • (2004) J Biomech , vol.37 , pp. 257-261
    • Goertzen, D.J.1    Lane, C.2    Oxland, T.R.3
  • 51
    • 0035216307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intervertebral disc herniation: Studies on a porcine model exposed to highly repetitive flexion/extension motion with compressive force
    • Callaghan JP, McGill SM. Intervertebral disc herniation: studies on a porcine model exposed to highly repetitive flexion/extension motion with compressive force. Clin Biomech 2001;16:28-37.
    • (2001) Clin Biomech , vol.16 , pp. 28-37
    • Callaghan, J.P.1    McGill, S.M.2
  • 52
    • 0034955474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal posture and prior loading history modulate compressive strength and type of failure in the spine: A biomechanical study using a porcine cervical spine model
    • Gunning JL, Callaghan JP, McGill SM. Spinal posture and prior loading history modulate compressive strength and type of failure in the spine: a biomechanical study using a porcine cervical spine model. Clin Biomech 2001;16:471-80.
    • (2001) Clin Biomech , vol.16 , pp. 471-480
    • Gunning, J.L.1    Callaghan, J.P.2    McGill, S.M.3
  • 53
    • 0035336741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between sheep and human cervical spines: An anatomic, radiographic, bone mineral density, and biomechanical study
    • Kandziora F, Pflugmacher R, Scholz M, et al. Comparison between sheep and human cervical spines: an anatomic, radiographic, bone mineral density, and biomechanical study. Spine 2001;26:1028-37.
    • (2001) Spine , vol.26 , pp. 1028-1037
    • Kandziora, F.1    Pflugmacher, R.2    Scholz, M.3
  • 54
    • 0035870874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of frozen storage on the creep behavior of human intervertebral discs
    • Dhillon N, Bass EC, Lotz JC. Effect of frozen storage on the creep behavior of human intervertebral discs. Spine 2001;26:883-8.
    • (2001) Spine , vol.26 , pp. 883-888
    • Dhillon, N.1    Bass, E.C.2    Lotz, J.C.3
  • 55
    • 0023943699 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic compressive properties of human lumbar intervertebral joints: A comparison between fresh and thawed specimens
    • Smeathers JE, Joanes DN. Dynamic compressive properties of human lumbar intervertebral joints: a comparison between fresh and thawed specimens. J Biomech 1988;21:425-33.
    • (1988) J Biomech , vol.21 , pp. 425-433
    • Smeathers, J.E.1    Joanes, D.N.2
  • 56
    • 0022654135 scopus 로고
    • The stages of disc degeneration as revealed by discograms
    • Adams MA, Dolan P, Hutton WC. The stages of disc degeneration as revealed by discograms. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1986;68:36-41.
    • (1986) J Bone Joint Surg Br , vol.68 , pp. 36-41
    • Adams, M.A.1    Dolan, P.2    Hutton, W.C.3
  • 57
    • 0035887327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a system for in vitro neck muscle force replication in whole cervical spine experiments
    • Panjabi MM, Miura T, Cripton PA, et al. Development of a system for in vitro neck muscle force replication in whole cervical spine experiments. Spine 2001;26:2214-9.
    • (2001) Spine , vol.26 , pp. 2214-2219
    • Panjabi, M.M.1    Miura, T.2    Cripton, P.A.3
  • 58
    • 28844454151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discogenic origins of spinal instability
    • Zhao F, Pollintine P, Hole BD, et al. Discogenic origins of spinal instability. Spine 2005;30:2621-30.
    • (2005) Spine , vol.30 , pp. 2621-2630
    • Zhao, F.1    Pollintine, P.2    Hole, B.D.3
  • 59
    • 0027942127 scopus 로고
    • Spondylolysis: Bending of the inferior articular processes of lumbar vertebrae during simulated spinal movements
    • Green TP, Allvey JC, Adams MA. Spondylolysis: bending of the inferior articular processes of lumbar vertebrae during simulated spinal movements. Spine 1994;19:2683-91.
    • (1994) Spine , vol.19 , pp. 2683-2691
    • Green, T.P.1    Allvey, J.C.2    Adams, M.A.3
  • 60
    • 0030466597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sustained loading on the water content of intervertebral discs: Implications for disc metabolism
    • McMillan DW, Garbutt G, Adams MA. Effect of sustained loading on the water content of intervertebral discs: implications for disc metabolism. Ann Rheum Dis 1996;55:880-7.
    • (1996) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.55 , pp. 880-887
    • McMillan, D.W.1    Garbutt, G.2    Adams, M.A.3
  • 61
    • 0023183311 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variations in the stresses on the lumbar spine
    • Adams MA, Dolan P, Hutton WC. Diurnal variations in the stresses on the lumbar spine. Spine 1987;12:130-7.
    • (1987) Spine , vol.12 , pp. 130-137
    • Adams, M.A.1    Dolan, P.2    Hutton, W.C.3
  • 62
    • 0024513167 scopus 로고
    • Stiffness and strain energy criteria to evaluate the threshold of injury to an intervertebral joint
    • Yoganandan N, Ray G, Pintar FA, et al. Stiffness and strain energy criteria to evaluate the threshold of injury to an intervertebral joint. J Biomech 1989;22:135-42.
    • (1989) J Biomech , vol.22 , pp. 135-142
    • Yoganandan, N.1    Ray, G.2    Pintar, F.A.3
  • 63
    • 0029127034 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical testing of the spine: An appraisal of methodology, results, and conclusions
    • Adams MA. Mechanical testing of the spine: an appraisal of methodology, results, and conclusions. Spine 1995;20:2151-6.
    • (1995) Spine , vol.20 , pp. 2151-2156
    • Adams, M.A.1
  • 64
    • 0037394765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of specimen length: Are the mechanics of individual motion segments comparable in functional spinal units and multisegment specimens?
    • Dickey JP, Kerr DJ. Effect of specimen length: are the mechanics of individual motion segments comparable in functional spinal units and multisegment specimens? Med Eng Phys 2003;25:221-7.
    • (2003) Med Eng Phys , vol.25 , pp. 221-227
    • Dickey, J.P.1    Kerr, D.J.2
  • 65
    • 0035999662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative strengths and structural properties of the upper and lower cervical spine in flexion and extension
    • Nightingale RW, Winkelstein BA, Knaub KE, et al. Comparative strengths and structural properties of the upper and lower cervical spine in flexion and extension. J Biomech 2002;35:725-32.
    • (2002) J Biomech , vol.35 , pp. 725-732
    • Nightingale, R.W.1    Winkelstein, B.A.2    Knaub, K.E.3
  • 66
    • 0026758865 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of initial flexion-distraction injury in the lumbar spine
    • Neumann P, Osvalder AL, Nordwall A, et al. The mechanism of initial flexion-distraction injury in the lumbar spine. Spine 1992;17:1083-90.
    • (1992) Spine , vol.17 , pp. 1083-1090
    • Neumann, P.1    Osvalder, A.L.2    Nordwall, A.3
  • 67
    • 28444452964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental flexion/extension data corridors for validation of finite element models of the young, normal cervical spine
    • Wheeldon JA, Pintar FA, Knowles S, et al. Experimental flexion/extension data corridors for validation of finite element models of the young, normal cervical spine. J Biomech 2006;39:375-80.
    • (2006) J Biomech , vol.39 , pp. 375-380
    • Wheeldon, J.A.1    Pintar, F.A.2    Knowles, S.3
  • 68
    • 0015855604 scopus 로고
    • Healing trabecular microfractures in the bodies of lumbar vertebrae
    • Vernon-Roberts B, Pirie CJ. Healing trabecular microfractures in the bodies of lumbar vertebrae. Ann Rheum Dis 1973;32:406-12.
    • (1973) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.32 , pp. 406-412
    • Vernon-Roberts, B.1    Pirie, C.J.2
  • 69
    • 0018850797 scopus 로고
    • The effect of posture on the role of the apophysial joints in resisting intervertebral compressive forces
    • Adams MA, Hutton WC. The effect of posture on the role of the apophysial joints in resisting intervertebral compressive forces. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1980;62:358-62.
    • (1980) J Bone Joint Surg Br , vol.62 , pp. 358-362
    • Adams, M.A.1    Hutton, W.C.2
  • 70
    • 0344083493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine curvature during simulated whiplash
    • Panjabi MM, Pearson AM, Ito S, et al. Cervical spine curvature during simulated whiplash. Clin Biomech 2004;19:1-9.
    • (2004) Clin Biomech , vol.19 , pp. 1-9
    • Panjabi, M.M.1    Pearson, A.M.2    Ito, S.3
  • 71
    • 29444434351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex muscle contraction in the unaware occupant in whiplash injury
    • discussion 2799
    • Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Rao RD, et al. Reflex muscle contraction in the unaware occupant in whiplash injury. Spine 2005;30:2794-8; discussion 2799.
    • (2005) Spine , vol.30 , pp. 2794-2798
    • Stemper, B.D.1    Yoganandan, N.2    Rao, R.D.3
  • 72
    • 0141669080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of human cervical endplates: A cadaveric experimental model
    • Truumees E, Demetropoulos CK, Yang KH, et al. Failure of human cervical endplates: a cadaveric experimental model. Spine 2003;28:2204-8.
    • (2003) Spine , vol.28 , pp. 2204-2208
    • Truumees, E.1    Demetropoulos, C.K.2    Yang, K.H.3
  • 73
    • 33644813727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density of human female cervical and lumbar spines from quantitative computed tomography
    • Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Stemper BD, et al. Bone mineral density of human female cervical and lumbar spines from quantitative computed tomography. Spine 2006;31:73-6.
    • (2006) Spine , vol.31 , pp. 73-76
    • Yoganandan, N.1    Pintar, F.A.2    Stemper, B.D.3
  • 74
    • 0020403129 scopus 로고
    • Can the lumbar spine be crushed in heavy lifting?
    • Hutton WC, Adams MA. Can the lumbar spine be crushed in heavy lifting? Spine 1982;7:586-90.
    • (1982) Spine , vol.7 , pp. 586-590
    • Hutton, W.C.1    Adams, M.A.2
  • 75
    • 0027579040 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between EMG activity and extensor moment generation in the erector spinae muscles during bending and lifting activities
    • Dolan P, Adams MA. The relationship between EMG activity and extensor moment generation in the erector spinae muscles during bending and lifting activities. J Biomech 1993;26:513-22.
    • (1993) J Biomech , vol.26 , pp. 513-522
    • Dolan, P.1    Adams, M.A.2
  • 76
    • 0035056262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of thoracic and lumbar vertebral failure loads with in situ vs. ex situ dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
    • Burklein D, Lochmuller E, Kuhn V, et al. Correlation of thoracic and lumbar vertebral failure loads with in situ vs. ex situ dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Biomech 2001;34:579-87.
    • (2001) J Biomech , vol.34 , pp. 579-587
    • Burklein, D.1    Lochmuller, E.2    Kuhn, V.3
  • 77
    • 0022997529 scopus 로고
    • Normal vertebral body size and compressive strength: Relations to age and to vertebral and iliac trabecular bone compressive strength
    • Mosekilde L. Normal vertebral body size and compressive strength: relations to age and to vertebral and iliac trabecular bone compressive strength. Bone 1986;7:207-12.
    • (1986) Bone , vol.7 , pp. 207-212
    • Mosekilde, L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.