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Bailer J, Witthoft M, Bayerl C, Rist F. Syndrome stability and psychological predictors of symptom severity in idiopathic environmental intolerance and somatoform disorders. Psychol Med 2007; 37:271-281. Prospective study of 152 people fulfiling criteria for MCS, of which 140 were followed up 1 year later; 91.8% of participants reporting MCS at baseline met case criteria for MCS 1 year later, confirming that MCS is extremely temporally stable. High proportions of the MCS group were functionally impaired (75.5% reported difficulties shopping in stores or eating in restaurants and 79.6% reported taking special precautions at home) and 22.4% had lost a job or had stopped working at follow-up. Trait-negative affectivity and somatic symptom attribution continued to predict symptom severity in the MCS group at 1 year. Prominent cognitions of environmental threat, as well as the tendency to focus on bodily sensations and interpret these as pathological, were also found to be strongly associated with MCS caseness at 1-year follow-up.
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Huibers MJH, Wessely S. The act of diagnosis: pros and cons of labelling chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychol Med 2006; 36:895-900. Narrative review of the literature on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome which, as in the case of MCS, highlights the conflict between medical models of CFS and user-led notions of CFS, in the absence of an established organic cause for the condition. The authors propose that the issue in the management of these patients should not be one of labelling but one of engendering a positive therapeutic encounter in which patients are encouraged to take an active role in their recovery without attributing blame, and are given accurate nonpartial advice around the condition. The authors also suggest that whilst it might be beneficial to the therapeutic alliance to acknowledge the patient's distress, this should be done sensitively without reinforcing sick role beliefs or 'maladaptive illness beliefs'.
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