메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue SUPPL. 4, 2007, Pages

Sustaining access to antiretroviral therapy in the less-developed world: Lessons from Brazil and Thailand

Author keywords

Access; Antiretrovirals; Brazil; Patent protection; Thailand

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; AMPRENAVIR; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; DIDANOSINE; EFAVIRENZ; FLUCONAZOLE; GANCICLOVIR; LAMIVUDINE PLUS NEVIRAPINE PLUS STAVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE PLUS ZIDOVUDINE; LOPINAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; NELFINAVIR; TENOFOVIR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VALGANCYCLOVIR; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 34447329578     PISSN: 02699370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000279703.78685.a6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (137)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 20744449135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organizaion, Geneva: WHO; March
    • World Health Organizaion. 3 by 5 progress report. Geneva: WHO; March 2006.
    • (2006) 3 by 5 progress report
  • 2
    • 0037032909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fighting against AIDS: The Brazilian experience
    • Levi GC, Vitoria MA. Fighting against AIDS: the Brazilian experience. AIDS 2002; 16:2378-2383.
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 2378-2383
    • Levi, G.C.1    Vitoria, M.A.2
  • 3
    • 34447299870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicines through court: A study on access to new medicines and examinations to HIV/AIDS in Brazil by using legal actions
    • Ministério da Saúde, Brasília. Available at:, Accessed: May
    • Scheffer M, Salazar AL, Grou K. Medicines through court: a study on access to new medicines and examinations to HIV/AIDS in Brazil by using legal actions. Série legislação 3. Ministério da Saúde, Brasília. Available at: http://www.saberviver.org.br/pdf/ remedio_via_justica.pdf. Accessed: May 2007.
    • (2007) Série legislação , vol.3
    • Scheffer, M.1    Salazar, A.L.2    Grou, K.3
  • 4
    • 33846246197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universal access to treatment for people living with HIV and AIDS in Brazil
    • Bermudez JAZ, Oliveira MA, Esher A, editors, Rio de Janeiro: ENSP;
    • Oliveira MA, Esher A. Universal access to treatment for people living with HIV and AIDS in Brazil. In: Bermudez JAZ, Oliveira MA, Esher A, editors. Acceso a medicamentos: derecho fundamental, papel del estado. Rio de Janeiro: ENSP; 2004. pp. 233-250.
    • (2004) Acceso a medicamentos: Derecho fundamental, papel del estado , pp. 233-250
    • Oliveira, M.A.1    Esher, A.2
  • 5
    • 0037038826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Access to antiretroviral drugs in Brazil
    • Galvão J. Access to antiretroviral drugs in Brazil. Lancet 2002; 360:1862-1865.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1862-1865
    • Galvão, J.1
  • 7
    • 0007486007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An antiretroviral program: Thailand's experience
    • van Praag E, Fernyak S, Katz AM, editors, WHO/ASD/97.2. Geneva: World Health Organization;
    • Kunanusont C. An antiretroviral program: Thailand's experience. In: van Praag E, Fernyak S, Katz AM, editors. The implications of antiretroviral treatments. WHO/ASD/97.2. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1997. pp. 109-113.
    • (1997) The implications of antiretroviral treatments , pp. 109-113
    • Kunanusont, C.1
  • 11
    • 34247194406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Development Programme, New York: United Nations;
    • United Nations Development Programme. Human development report. New York: United Nations; 2006.
    • (2006) Human development report
  • 12
    • 34447339341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at:, Accessed: May 2007
    • Ministy of Health. Epidemiological Bulletin, 2006. Available at: http://www.aids.gov.br/data/documents/storedDocuments/%7BB8EF5DAF-23AE-4891- AD36-1903553A3174%7D/%7B6B12D137-92DF-4CF5-A35A-482AED64CBC0%7D/ BOLETIM2006internet.pdf. Accessed: May 2007.
    • Ministy of Health. Epidemiological Bulletin, 2006
  • 13
    • 34447338540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at:, Accessed: May 2007
    • Ministério da Saúde. Monitoraids, 2006. Available at: www.aids.gov.br. Accessed: May 2007.
    • (2006)
  • 15
    • 33744475605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainability of Brazilian policy for access to antiretroviral drugs
    • Available at:, Accessed: May 2007
    • Granjeiro A, Teixieira L, Bastos FI, Teixeira P. Sustainability of Brazilian policy for access to antiretroviral drugs. Rev Saúde Pública 2006; 40 (Suppl.). Available at: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ rsp/v40s0/en_09.pdf. Accessed: May 2007.
    • (2006) Rev Saúde Pública , vol.40 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Granjeiro, A.1    Teixieira, L.2    Bastos, F.I.3    Teixeira, P.4
  • 16
    • 1242317747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of civil society in protecting public health over commercial interests: Lessons from Thailand
    • Ford N, Wilson D, Bunjumnong O, von Schoen Angerer T. The role of civil society in protecting public health over commercial interests: lessons from Thailand. Lancet 2004; 363:560-563.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 560-563
    • Ford, N.1    Wilson, D.2    Bunjumnong, O.3    von Schoen Angerer, T.4
  • 19
    • 34447295860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intervention of health authorities in patent examination: The Brazilian practice of the prior consent
    • Basso M. Intervention of health authorities in patent examination: the Brazilian practice of the prior consent. Int J Intellectual Property Manage 2006; 1:54-74.
    • (2006) Int J Intellectual Property Manage , vol.1 , pp. 54-74
    • Basso, M.1
  • 20
    • 33846207942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A proposal for measuring the degree of public health sensitivity of patent legislation in the context of the WTO TRIPS Agreement
    • Chaves GC, Oliveira MA. A proposal for measuring the degree of public health sensitivity of patent legislation in the context of the WTO TRIPS Agreement. Bull WHO 2007; 85:49-56.
    • (2007) Bull WHO , vol.85 , pp. 49-56
    • Chaves, G.C.1    Oliveira, M.A.2
  • 21
    • 0035928392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US pressure on less-developed countries
    • Von Schoen-Angerer T, Limpananont J. US pressure on less-developed countries. Lancet 2001; 358:245.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 245
    • Von Schoen-Angerer, T.1    Limpananont, J.2
  • 23
    • 34447297767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brazil, 1996. Act 9.279, May 14 1996. Establishes rights and obligations related to industrial property. Brasilia: Diário Oficial da União of May 15 1996.
    • Brazil, 1996. Act 9.279, May 14 1996. Establishes rights and obligations related to industrial property. Brasilia: Diário Oficial da União of May 15 1996.
  • 25
    • 34447306829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working Group on Intellectual Property (GTPI) of the Brazilian Network for the Integration of Peoples (Rebrip), 2006. Why Brazil pays more for important medicines to public health? Available at: http://www.abiaids.org.br/ media/patentes_GTPI.pdf. Accessed: May 2007.
    • Working Group on Intellectual Property (GTPI) of the Brazilian Network for the Integration of Peoples (Rebrip), 2006. Why Brazil pays more for important medicines to public health? Available at: http://www.abiaids.org.br/ media/patentes_GTPI.pdf. Accessed: May 2007.
  • 27
    • 34447318562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Economist Intelligence Unit. Thailand country report: 2nd quarter 1998. London: EIU; 1999.
    • The Economist Intelligence Unit. Thailand country report: 2nd quarter 1998. London: EIU; 1999.
  • 31
    • 34447303728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Office of the United States Trade Representative. National trade estimate report on foreign trade barriers. Washington, DC: US Trade Representative; 1999.
    • Office of the United States Trade Representative. National trade estimate report on foreign trade barriers. Washington, DC: US Trade Representative; 1999.
  • 32
    • 0033610727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global trade and access to medicines: AIDS treatments in Thailand
    • Wilson D, Cawthorne P, Ford N, Aongsonwang S. Global trade and access to medicines: AIDS treatments in Thailand. Lancet 1999; 354:1893-1895.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1893-1895
    • Wilson, D.1    Cawthorne, P.2    Ford, N.3    Aongsonwang, S.4
  • 36
    • 34447345902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Later changed through the Decree 4.830, September 4th 2003.
    • Later changed through the Decree 4.830, September 4th 2003.
  • 39
    • 34447313862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astor M. Brazil AIDS drug negotiations break down. Associated Press, 4 May 2007.
    • Astor M. Brazil AIDS drug negotiations break down. Associated Press, 4 May 2007.
  • 40
    • 34447309965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anon. HIV drug fears. Hundreds rally at Glaxo office. UK firm's move for patent on Combid is 'a threat to access of cheap medicines'. Nation, 8 August 2006. Available at: http://www.gsk.com/media/archive. htm. Accessed: May 2007.
    • Anon. HIV drug fears. Hundreds rally at Glaxo office. UK firm's move for patent on Combid is 'a threat to access of cheap medicines'. Nation, 8 August 2006. Available at: http://www.gsk.com/media/archive. htm. Accessed: May 2007.
  • 41
    • 77957736069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thailand still shows the way on HIV/AIDS
    • 2 December, Available at:, Accessed: May
    • Cawthorne P, Dayal A. Thailand still shows the way on HIV/AIDS. Nation, 2 December 2006. Available at: http://www.nationmultimedia.com/ 2006/12/02/opinion/opinion_30020541.php. Accessed: May 2007.
    • (2006) Nation
    • Cawthorne, P.1    Dayal, A.2
  • 43
    • 34447336065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thailand compulsory license on AIDS drug prompts policy debate
    • 23 December, Available at:, Accessed: May
    • Gerhardsen TIS. Thailand compulsory license on AIDS drug prompts policy debate. Intellectural Property Watch, 23 December 2006. Available at: http://www.ip-watch.org/weblog/index.php?p=499&res= 1024_ff&print=0. Accessed: May 2007.
    • (2006) Intellectural Property Watch
    • Gerhardsen, T.I.S.1
  • 45
    • 34447296943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15 March, Available at:, Accessed: May 2007
    • Open Letter to Miles White, CEO of Abbott, 15 March 2006. Available at: http://www.accessmed-msf.org/documents/April%205%20Letter%20to%20Abbott.pdf. Accessed: May 2007.
    • (2006) Open Letter to Miles White, CEO of Abbott
  • 46
    • 33846872349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thailand and the compulsory licensing of efavirenz
    • Steinbrook R. Thailand and the compulsory licensing of efavirenz. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:544-546.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 544-546
    • Steinbrook, R.1
  • 47
    • 34447325314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wong-Anan N. Thailand issues more compulsory drugs licences. Reuters, 25 January 2007.
    • Wong-Anan N. Thailand issues more compulsory drugs licences. Reuters, 25 January 2007.
  • 48
    • 34447336344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Move to break drug patents lauded
    • 3 February
    • Wongruang P. Move to break drug patents lauded. Bangkok Post, 3 February 2007.
    • (2007) Bangkok Post
    • Wongruang, P.1
  • 50
    • 34447300130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status downgrade: Outrage grows at US trade pressure
    • 3 May, Available at:, Accessed: 7 May, Anon
    • Anon. Status downgrade: outrage grows at US trade pressure. Nation, 3 May 2007. Available at: http://www.nationmultimedia.com/search/ page.news.php?clid=2&id=30033264. Accessed: 7 May 2007.
    • (2007) Nation


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.