Spreading free-riding snow sports represent a novel serious threat for wildlife

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 274, Issue 1614, 2007, Pages 1219-1224

  Arlettaz, Raphaël ^a,b   Patthey, Patrick ^a   Baltic, Marjana ^a   Leu, Thomas ^a   Schaub, Michael ^a,b   Palme, Rupert ^c   Jenni Eiermann, Susanne ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^b SWISS ORNITHOLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE   (Austria)

Author keywords

Alpine ecosystems; Conservation biology; Human disturbance; Species protection; Stress ecology; Winter snow sports

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTERONE; STRESS HORMONE;

ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; BIODIVERSITY; BIRD; EXTINCTION RISK; FITNESS; NATURE CONSERVATION; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; POPULATION DECLINE; RADIOTELEMETRY; SPORT; SURVIVAL;

ARTICLE; BIRD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; COST; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM; FIELD EXPERIMENT; HABITAT; METABOLITE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STRESS; SURVIVAL; THREAT; WILDLIFE; WINTER SPORT;

ALPS; CENTRAL EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE; SWITZERLAND;

AVES; TETRAO TETRIX;

EID: 34447327208     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2006.0434     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Baltic, M., Jenni-Eiermann, S., Arlettaz, R. & Palme, R. 2005 A non-invasive technique to evaluate human-generated stress in the Black Grouse. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1046, 81-95. (doi:10.1196/annals.1343.008)
2. Hofer, H. & East, M. L. 1998 Biological conservation and stress. Adv. Study Behav. 27, 405-525.
3. Ingold, P. 2004 Freizeitaktivitäten im Lebensraum der Alpentiere, p. 516. Bern, Switzerland: Haupt.
4. Joyce, G., Riad-Fahmy, D. & Wilson, D. W. 1981 Practical application of statistical methods to steroid hormone assays. In Quality control in clinical endocrinology (eds W. D. Wilson, S. J. Gaskell & K. W Kemp), pp. 107-115. Cardiff, UK: Alpha Omega Publishing Ltd.
5. Klasing, K. C. 2005 Potential impacts of nutritional strategy on non-invasive measurements of hormones in birds. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1046, 5-16. (doi:10.1196/annals.1343.003)
6. Maindonald, J. H. & Braun, J. 2003 Data analysis and graphics using R: an example-based approach. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
7. Marchand, P. J. 1996 Life in the cold: an introduction to winter ecology, p. 304. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
8. Marjakangas, A., Rintamäki, H. & Hissa, R. 1984 Thermal responses in the capercaillie Tetrao urogalus and the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix roosting in the snow burrows. Physiol. Zool. 57, 99-104.
9. McClung, M. R., Seddon, P. J., Massaro, M. & Setiawan, A. N. 2004 Nature-based impact on yellow-eyed penguins Megadyptes antipodes: does unregulated visitors access affect fledging weight and juvenile survival? Biol. Conserv. 119, 279-285. (doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.11.012)
10. McEwen, B. S. & Wingfield, J. C. 2003 The concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine. Horm. Behav. 43, 2-15.
11. Millspaugh, J. J. & Washburn, B. E. 2004 Use of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite measures in conservation biology research: considerations for application and interpretation. Gen. Comp. Endocr. 138, 189-199. (doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.07.002)
12. Möstl, E. & Palme, R. 2002 Hormones as indicators of stress. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 23, 67-74. (doi:10.1016/ S0739-7240(02)00146-7)
13. Müllner, A., Linsenmair, E. & Wikelski, M. 2004 Exposure to ecotourism reduces survival and affects stress response in hoatzin chicks (Opisthocomus hoazin). Biol. Conserv. 118, 549-558. (doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.10.003)
14. Pauli, H. R. 1974 Zur Winterökologie des Birkhuhns Tetrao tetrix in den Schweizer Alpen. Orn. Beob. 71, 247-278.
15. Payne, R. W. et al. 1993 Genstat 5, Release 3. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
16. Pulliainen, E. 1981 Weights of the crop contents of Tetrao urogallus, Lyrurus tetrix, Tetrastes bonasia and Lagopus mutus in Finnish Lapland in autumn and winter. Orn. Fenn. 58, 64-71.
17. Raouf, S. A., Smith, L. C., Brown, M. B., Wingfield, J. C. & Brown, C. R. 2006 Glucocorticoid hormone levels increase with group size and parasite load in cliff swallows. Anim. Behav. 71, 39-48. (doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.03.027)
18. Rettenbacher, S., Möstl, E., Hackel, R., Ghareeb, K. & Palme, R. 2004 Measurement of corticosterone metabolites in chicken droppings. Br. Poultry Sci. 45, 704-711. (doi:10.1080/00071660400006156)
19. Romero, M. 2004 Physiological stress in ecology: lessons from biomedical research. Trends Ecol. Evol. 19, 249-255. (doi:10.1016/j.tree. 2004.03.008)
20. Romero, L. M., Reed, J. M. & Wingfield, J. C. 2000 Effects of weather on corticosterone responses in wild free-living passerine birds. Gen. Comp. Endocr. 118, 113-122. (doi:10.1006/gcen.1999.7446)
21. Sapolsky, R. M. 1992 Stress, the aging brain and the mechanisms of neuron death, p. 441. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
22. Silverin, B., Arvidsson, B. & Wingfield, J. C. 1997 The adrenocortical responses to stress in breeding willow warblers Phylloscopus trochilus in Sweden. Funct. Ecol. 11, 376-384. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00097.x)
23. Spidsø, T. K., Hjeljord, O. & Dokk, J. G. 1997 Seasonal mortality of black grouse Tetrao tetrix during a year with little snow. Wildl. Biol. 3, 205-209.
24. Storch, I. 2000 Grouse status survey and conservation action plan 2000-2004, p. 112. Gland, Switzerland; Cambridge, UK: WPA/Birdlife/SSC Grouse Specialist Group, IUCN; Reading: the World Pheasant Association.
25. Taylor, A. R. & Knight, R. L. 2003 Wildlife responses to recreation and associated visitor perceptions. Ecol. Appl. 13, 951-963.
26. Touma, C. & Palme, R. 2005 Measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in mammals and birds: the importance of validation. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 1046, 54-74. (doi:10. 1196/annals.1343.006)
27. Walker, B. G., Dee Boersma, P. & Wingfield, J. C. 2005 Field endocrinology and conservation biology. Integr. Comp. Biol. 45, 12-18. (doi:10.1093/icb/45.1.12)
28. Walker, B. G., Dee Boersma, P. & Wingfield, J. C. 2006 Habituation of adult Magellanic penguins to human visitation as expressed through behavior and corticosterone secretion. Conserv. Biol. 20, 146-154. (doi:10.1111/ j.1523-1739.2005.00271.x)
29. Watson, A. & Moss, R. 2004 Impact of ski-development on ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) at Cairn Gorm. Biol. Conserv. 116, 267-275. (doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(03) 00197-6)
30. Wingfield, J. C. & Romero, L. M. 1999 Adrenocortical responses to stress and their modulation in free-living vertebrates. In Handbook of physiology - coping with the environment (ed. B. McEwen), pp. 211-234. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
31. Wingfield, J. C., Hunt, K., Greuner, C., Dunlap, K., Fowler, G. S., Freed, L. & Lepson, J. 1997 Environmental stress, field endocrinology, and conservation biology. In Behavioral approaches to conservation in the wild (eds J. R. Clemmons & R. Buchholz), pp. 95-131. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.