Successful nonoperative treatment of a three-column thoracic fracture in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis: Existence and clinical significance of the fourth column of the spine

Spine

Volumn 32, Issue 15, 2007, Pages

  Shen, Francis H ^a   Samartzis, Dino ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Ankylosing spondylitis; Fourth column; Nonoperative; Thoracic; Unstable

Indexed keywords

AGED; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; ARTICLE; BACKACHE; BODY BUILD; BRACE; CASE REPORT; CERVICAL SPINE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LUMBAR SPINE; MALE; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RIB; SPINE STABILIZATION; SPINE SURGERY; STERNUM; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; THORACIC SPINE;

ACCIDENTAL FALLS; AGED; BACK PAIN; BRACES; HUMANS; MALE; PATIENT SELECTION; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; RIBS; SPINAL FRACTURES; SPONDYLITIS, ANKYLOSING; STERNUM; THORACIC VERTEBRAE; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT REFUSAL; WEIGHT-BEARING; WITHHOLDING TREATMENT;

EID: 34447306894     PISSN: 03622436     EISSN: 15281159     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318074d59f     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Denis F. The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine 1983;8:817-31.
2. Chow GH, Nelson BJ, Gebhard JS, et al. Functional outcome of thoracolumbar burst fractures managed with hyperextension casting or bracing and early mobilization. Spine 1996;21:2170-5.
3. Hitchon PW, From AM, Brenton MD, et al. Fractures of the thoracolumbar spine complicating ankylosing spondylitis. J Neurosurg Spine 2002;97:218-22.
4. Mumford J, Weinstein JN, Spratt KF, et al. Thoracolumbar burst fractures: the clinical efficacy and outcome of nonoperative management. Spine 1993;18:955-70.
5. Shen WJ, Liu TJ, Shen YS. Nonoperative treatment versus posterior fixation for thoracolumbar junction burst fractures without neurologic deficit. Spine 2001;26:1038-45.
6. Singh K, Heller JG, Samartzis D, et al. Open vertebral cement augmentation combined with lumbar decompression for the operative management of thoracolumbar stenosis secondary to osteoporotic burst fractures. J Spinal Disord Tech 2005;18:413-9.
7. Christie SD, Song J, Fessler RG. Fractures of the upper thoracic spine: approaches and surgical management. Clin Neurosurg 2005;52:171-6.
8. Yue JJ, Sossan A, Selgrath C, et al. The treatment of unstable thoracic spine fractures with transpedicular screw instrumentation: a 3-year consecutive series. Spine 2002;27:2782-7.
9. Fox MW, Onofrio BM, Kilgore JE. Neurological complications of ankylosing spondylitis. J Neurosurg 1993;78:871-8.
10. Hunter T, Dubo H. Spinal fractures complicating ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Intern Med 1978;88:546-49.
11. Olerud C, Frost A, Bring J. Spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Eur Spine J 1996;5:51-5.
12. Murray GC, Persellin RH. Cervical fracture complicating ankylosing spondylitis: a report of eight cases and review of the literature. Am J Med 1981;70:1033-41.
13. Samartzis D, Liu JC. Ankylosing spondylitis. In: Batjer HH, Loftus C, eds. Textbook of Neurological Surgery. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 2002:1713-23.
14. Samartzis D, Anderson DG, Shen FH. Multiple and simultaneous spine fractures in ankylosing spondylitis: a case report. Spine 2005;30:E711-5.
15. Shen FH, Samartzis D. Cervical spine fracture in the ankylosing spondylitis patient. J Am Coll Surg 2005;200:632-33.
16. Trent G, Armstrong GW, O'Neil J. Thoracolumbar fractures in ankylosing spondylitis: high-risk injuries. Clin Orthop 1988;227:61-6.
17. Vosse D, Feldtkeller E, Erlendsson J, et al. Clinical vertebral fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 2004;31:1981-5.
18. Amamilo SC. Fractures of the cervical spine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Orthop Rev 1989;18:339-44.
19. Colterjohn NR, Bednar DA. Identifiable risk factors for secondary neurologic deterioration in the cervical spine-injured patient. Spine 1995;20:2293-7.
20. Detwiler KN, Loftus CM, Godersky JC, et al. Management of cervical spine injuries in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Neurosurg 1990;72:210-5.
21. Grisolia A, Bell RL, Peltier LF. Fractures and dislocations of the spine complicating ankylosing spondylitis: a report of six cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1967;49:339-44.
22. Kiwerski J. Hyperextension-dislocation injuries of the cervical spine. Injury 1993;24:674-7.
23. Osgood C, Martin LG, Ackerman E. Fracture-dislocation of the cervical spine with ankylosing spondylitis: report of two cases. J Neurosurg 1973;39:764-9.
24. Osgood CP, Abbasy M, Mathews T. Multiple spine fractures in ankylosing spondylitis. J Trauma 1975;15:163-6.
25. Rowed DW. Management of cervical spinal cord injury in ankylosing spondylitis: the intervertebral disc as a cause of cord compression. J Neurosurg 1992;77:241-6.
26. Shen FH, Samartzis D. Surgical management of cervical spine fracture in ankylosing spondylitis. J Trauma 2006;61:1005-9.
27. Berg EE. The sternal-rib complex: a possible fourth column in thoracic spine fractures. Spine 1993;18:1916-9.
28. Vioreanu MH, Quinlan JF, Robertson I, et al. Vertebral fractures and concomitant fractures of the sternum. Int Orthop 2005;29:339-42.
29. Toussirot E, Wendling D. L'osteoporose de la spondylarthrite ankylosante. Presse Med 1996;25:720-4.
30. Will R, Palmer R, Bhalla AK, et al. Osteoporosis in early ankylosing spondylitis: a primary pathologic event? Lancet 1989;2:1483-5.
31. Mullaji AB, Upadhyay SS, Ho EKW. Bone mineral density in ankylosing spondylitis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1994;76:660-5.
32. Bronson WD, Walker SE, Hillman LS, et al. Bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 1998;25:929-35.
33. El Maghraoui A, Borderie D, Cherruau B, et al. Osteoporosis, body composition, and bone turnover in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2205-9.
34. Lemmen LJ, Laing PG. Fracture of the cervical spine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Neurosurg 1959;16:542-50.
35. Raine GE, Hadfield G. Fractures of the cervical spine in ankylosing spondylitis (three cases). Proc R Soc Med 1970;63:657-8.
36. Weinstein PR, Karpman RR, Gall EP, et al. Spinal cord injury, spinal fractures, and spinal stenosis in ankylosing spondylitis. J Neurosurg 1982;57:609-16.
37. Gopalakrishnan KC, el Masri WS. Fractures of the sternum associated with spinal injury. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1986;68:178-81.
38. Jones HK, McBride GG, Mumby RC. Sternal fractures associated with spinal injury. J Trauma 1989;29:360-4.
39. Taggard DA, Traynelis VC. Management of cervical spinal fractures in ankylosing spondylitis with posterior fixation. Spine 2000;25:2035-9.
40. Cooper C, Carbone L, Michet CJ, et al. Fracture risk in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a population based study. J Rheumatol 1994;21:1877-82.
41. Broom MJ, Raycroft JF. Complications of fractures of the cervical spine in ankylosing spondylitis. Spine 1988;13:763-6.
42. Andriacchi T, Schultz A, Belytschko T, et al. A model for studies of mechanical interactions between the human spine and rib cage. J Biomech 1974;7:497-507.
43. Oda I, Abumi K, Lu D, et al. Biomechanical role of the posterior elements, costovertebral joints, and rib cage in the stability of the thoracic spine. Spine 1996;21:1423-9.
44. Takeuchi T, Abumi K, Shono Y, et al. Biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc and costovertebral joint in stability of the thoracic spine: a canine model study. Spine 1999;24:1414-20.
45. Watkins RT, Watkins R 3rd, Williams L, et al. Stability provided by the sternum and rib cage in the thoracic spine. Spine 2005;30:1283-6.